THE COLUMBIAN.
Published Evert Frkat,
at
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA CO., OIL,
BT
E. 0. ADAMS, Editor and Proprietor
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Published Every Friday,
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VOL, V.
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREGON, JULY 31, 1885.
NO. 52.
Each subsequent insertion 1 00
THE COLUMBIAN.
OOLUM
THE ART OF THE BAKE.
Ajb Improvement In the Method of Mast
ing Cakes The Latest Novelties
Fine cake-making is not a secret, bnt
it is manifestly an art. The regulation
old-time pound-cake, and jumbles arc
still to be seen, but they no longer hold
the palm. Even the delicious sponge
.cake, so delightful in childhood's mem
ory, now takes a modest back seat be
fore the appearance of the mult tude of
other light, feathery loaves and lave;
cakes. "We sell o:i au average about .$600
worth of cake each month," t-aid a
young lady behind the sma I counter of
a place where genu ne donn'tic con'
pounds in the way of bre id. cake. yT
serves, etc., are offered !'or sale. "T
demand is about e ual for del eate Inn
cakes and layer cakes. We have soun
call for old-fashioned fruit cake, bu
there are several fruit cakes made now
much lighter and le-s iml gestii.le thai
really taste n:cer. too ami they ?e d lc
be preferred. V-e h-p that old-titm
stand-by. pound ca-. o i hand always,
too. Layer cakes are tilled with every
thing jellies, ch e !ate. nuts, creams,
and fruit. A favor te cak. is the one
made with English walnuts. A new
cake is called 'walnut cream.' the flavor
being in the tilling. Anot her new cake
is 'pineapple.' The canned fruit is used,
being chopped tine and mixed with
frosting for the tilling. 'Pinafore' cake
is made with alternate layers of pink
and white icing, the pink being given
its tint by using a few drops of the fruit
coloring that can be bought at any gro
cer's. -Daily Varden' cake is the same
thing except that instead of pure white
icing chocolate is mixed with it. The
lighter anr' more delicate cake can be
made the hotter it is liked. Conse
quently the greasy loaves, heavy with
good butter, which our mothers were
taught to consider the proper tempta
tioa to place before company, no longer
have an existence. The cake made
now is mostly harmless to the most del
icately organized stomachs, but it's aw
fully expensive to make.
"But few ornamented cakes are used
by Americans except on some pro
nounced fetal occas'on like a wedding,
and not always then. The Germans
make the most use of ornamental cakes,
but the cake is very light. Some of the
ornaments designed to make the tops
of cakes glorious are indeed of fearful
and wonderful construction. I saw a
lot the other day four or live hundred.
There were those not more than an
inch high, and some queer construc
tions at least three feet tall. One had
the form of the trunk of a palm tree
given it, with an immense, bushy head
composed of trailing rose vines, with sil
ver leaves and orange buds. Beneath
it stood a winged tigure arrayed
in a cloak a la Hamlet and engaged
in the act of hurling forth a crown of
thorns. It was a touching matrimonial
symbol. ThesUbere were hands clasp
ing hands, some tinted flesh color, with
the most miraculous cuffs and frills
about the wrists. Of course there were
marriage-bells and horse-shoes without
number and of considerable price.
There were brides whose candy heads
and sugar features were shaded by little
veils. Think of a bride standing on a
cake! But more effective than the bride
alone were the representatives of the
bride and bridegroom; he was clothed
in the prescribed full dres3 black suit,
with gloves, and shirt-front as immacu
late as the confectioner's art could
manufacture for him from sweet stuffs.
"The German people sometimes use
colored flowers on cakes for special oc
casions, but not for weddings. Many
Americans, however, consider cakes
ornamented in any way suggestive of
being a thing to gaze upon and not to
eat, in very bad taste, and seldom use
them. It is generally understood, even
by the buyers of these decorated loaves,
that being for ornamentation they are
of inferior quality. Chicago people buy
a large quantity of nice cake, and we
could sell far more than we do if we
had stores in different sections of the
city. It is a field of enterprise open to
any wovinn w'io knows how to bake
skillfull r. uu.i 1" iti sure 1 don't know why
more do not venture upon it.
cago Xews.
Pigeon Catching in the Soudan.
Miss Sartorius, in her book on the
Soudan and Egypt, say": "Every village
has its pigeon houses, looking like great
mud cores, and in the evening the
owners go out and call them in. But
rfrhen a man wants to get hold of extra
pigeons, instead of calling them he
frightens the pigeons away. They do
not . understand this, keep circling
above, and swoop down now and then
toward their houses. Other pigeons,
eeing this commotion, join them, and
js soon as the man sees there are
fnouch he hides. The whole of the
birds? old and ne v, then go into the
house, and the man returning shuts
them in. This would be a fine business
if it were not that all of them do the
same thing, and, therefore, each gets
caught in his turn. They know this
perfectly well, but no Kgyj.tian fellah
cou'd resist the tempt atio.i of cheating
his neighbor."
A Remarkable Case.
- '
A wri'er says: "Talking the other
day of General Grant, and the expect
ancy .some peop'e had that he would die
on the anniversary -f Appomattox, Sen
ator Pal:iur. of Michigan, said to me:
I knew of a remarkable case of hold
ing pro to 1 fe in M'ehisran a year or two
ago. Tsiere was a clergyman at Detroit
named Barn -s. I was over at Grand
Kapidson the cars, when he came rush
ing in just as the train was starting. I
noticed that he was flushed and ex
eited. He said to me that he had just
received a telegraphic mossag- that his
wife ' was suddenly ill and dying: he
had answered: "I'm coming. Mary: hold
on till I get home." AU the way over
to Detroit the clergyman sat in silence
by liimself- I think he was praying.
His wife got the dispatch and her at
tendants .said it revived her. She
held out till her husband arrived and
died shortly afterward in his arms.' "
After the death of a man at Bidde
ford, Me., over $10,000 in cash and
b' nda were found concealed :u bis bad.
NOT A BLAMED WORD.
How the Tender Feelings of a Bright
Young Man Were Trampled Upon By m
Iesirnin? Voting Woman.
The And tor of State, hearingsomeon
enter the room, looked up and beheld
a man who looked as though he and
melancholy had long been compan
ions.
"Good morning," said the Aud tor.
"Only tolerable."
He sat down and had, during a half
hour, ma'ntained an unbroken s'lence,
when the Auditor said:
"Have you any busness with me?"
"Not in particular."
Again he settled down into deep si
lence. The Aud tor became impat ont.
"V hat can I do for your'
"Hah!"
"What can I do for you?" repeated
the Auditor.
Well, if you were in my place what
would vou do?" -
I don't know, 1 am sure.
"Haven't heard anything about me,
then?"
"Nothing."
"Not a blamed word?"
"Not a word."
"Well, I'll tell vou. I live out about
twenty miles from here. I'm the
feller that killed the big rattlesnake.
Now, 'you hare heard oi me, haven't
you?"
No."
"Not a blamed word?"
"Not a word."
That's stransre. Well, some time
ago I fell in love with Nat Pearson's
daughter. You've heard of that, I
reckon?"
"No."
"Not a blamed word?"
"Not a word."
"Well, Nat he wan't agin the affa:r."
"Wasn't, eh?" said the Auditor, be
coming amused.
"No. When I asked him he 'lowed
that he didn't care, jes' so I waited till
he got through plantin corn, for Sook
that s her name can k:ver more
corn with a hoe than any man in the
neighborhood. I hadut said anyth ng
to the girl all this time, thnkin' that I
would wait. Well, when I spoke to her
about it she 'lowed that it suited her
well enough. Concluded to git mar
ried in town by a Jestice of the Peace,
so this mornin' e sot out an' come to
town. I got mv license an' bou't her a
ot of apples an' eatin' truck an' sweet
stuff. I left her at the 'Squire s othce
while I went to the wagon yard after
our horses, mtendin' that as soon as we
was married we would r de. Well, 6ir,
when I came back she had dun married
ke Jacobs. You Know him. don t
you
"No."
"You've heard of him. haven't you?"
"No, never heard of him."
Not a blamed word?"
"Not a word."
"Well, he is a little bit tae ugliest
an' good for nuthin' man I ever seed.
The State of Arkansaw can't show up
such another feller. Why, sir, he let
Darb Andrews fling him down. You've
hearn o' Darb?"
"No."
"Not a olamed word."
"Not a word?"
"Well now, if vou was in my place
what would vou do?"
"I wouldn't do anything."
"Not a blamed th ng?"
"No."
I tell you, cap'n. It wan't so much
that I love the girl, but that I need
her."
"Need her. eh?"
"Yes. I've got ten acres of new
ground that I want to put in corn. It
is so rough that it can't be kivered 'cept
with a hoe. That gal caa kiver it in
three days. It's awtul to be disap
pointed so early in life. Well, don t
iay anything about it."
"I won't.
"Not a blamed word?"
"Not a word."
"Well, good-bye. Grief has tuck
possession of me." Arkansaw Trav
eler. The Turpitude of Church Choirs.
In no sphere of human effort is greater
progress shown than in the pulpit. But,
as we bear witness to the fact, a dull
pang of regret abates our joy in con
templating the peccant of humors of
church choirs.
The pews feel many a qualm of con
science under the fire of the pulpit.
Sin cannot perk itself shame-faced on
the cushion of repose in the highest
seat in the synagogue. But who ever
knew a church choir to cry peccavi?
The theological sword thrusts at sin
ners in the pews and the arrows of elo
quence that flv over their heads never
hit the choiristers. They tickle them
selves with the straws of conceit. They
wear an invisible c at of mail, ana,
under a barricade of hymn-books, eat
sugar plums and crack jokes as if each
in turn had slipped on the ring of Gy
ges. The man w.th bulging eyes and
a bald head, who plays a fantasy on
"Hock of Ages" on the cornet, fears no
moral castigat'on from the pulpit for
flirting with the soprano. He holds it
at disadvantage. In mockery o f the
preacher's meek stare of reproof, he
causes the diamond on his little finger
to twinkle in his eyes, as if it had
caught a ray of celestial light while
triple-tonguing the last cadenza with
an air of "sarcastico-benigant superi
ority." He knows it is not the sermon
that draws, but the cornet.
While the organist is holding a sus
picious tete-a-tete behind a sheet of
music with a choir girl, who meets him
half way with a fan of peacock-teathers.
the teuor surreptitously writes a note
on the fly-leaf of a hymn-book and
pokes it in the contralto's muft. The
moral torpor of the the basso, who sits
with folded legs reading a Sunday
newspaper, is a contemptuous comment
on the evangelizing power. of the pul
pit. Then the second tenor is convuls
ed, with a fit of laughter in watching a
fly tickle the bald pate of a deacon be
low. It seems as if the Evil One had
been metamorphosed into an insect,
and was making a rival pulpit of the
bare patch on the deacon's crown.
Us:-ge has so consecreted the levities
of church choirs, that missionaries must
ever regard them as sterile fields for
labor.
H. V. S
THE BIRD SPIDER.
History of a Remarkable Insect Native to
Warm Countries.
Few animals are more repulsive than
this gigantic spider. The bird spider
(Migale avicularia), for so the creature
is called, excites horror In all the coun
tries in which it is found.
In the Antilles and in the forests of
Venezuela, Brazil, Guiana and Ecua
dor, its repulsive aspect has, among the
residents, as well as among travelers.
caused a terror that the imagination of
the aborigines has still further exagger
ated. How many times, while lying in
my hammock during the .long equinoc
tial nights, have I heard the Indiana
and peons, while squatting around the
camp hre in the virgin lorest, ten eacn
other stonM, or fables rather, whose
inexhaustible theme was serpents, bats
and big spiders! In measure a the
night advanced, the tales became more
and more extraordinary. From heca
tombs of birds devoured upon their
nests by the Arana eangrejo (crab
Bpider). with Jong velvety legs ana
poisonous jaws, the orator passed to
more dramatic facts, and the last
flickerings of the dying embers often
lent their fantastic accompaniment to a
story about a child whose blood had
been suefced while it lay in its cradle.
Freed from these local exaggerations
which are so frequent among these
weak minds in a state of nature (and
examples of which might be easily
found nearer home), the history of the
bird spider still remains sumcientlv in
teresting to merit being narrated and
be better known.
Linne described this species under the
name of Aranea avicularia, the specihe
name recalling the animal's habit of
feeding at times upon birds, and even
upon adult humming birds, captured
upon the nest, lhe celebrated en to
motorist Latreille in 1802 established
the genus Migate for Arachnids of the
tribe Theraphoses. All the individuals
included in this group are hunters, and
live either in nests constructed in the
the earth or in the clefts of stones and
under the bark of trees, like the species
that form the subject of this article.
Some of them are wonderfully skilled
workmen, as the mason spider . (M.
carrnentaria. Latr.), of southern France
and pioneer spider (iu. Jodtens, V alck.)
of Corsica.
The habits of the bird spider are not
so well known as those of the ones just
mentioned, either because from its
Vmntino- Kain rr Hnn at nio-ht it. ia rnwlv
met with, or because it selects retreats
that are not very accessible. There are
few authors to be found, however, who
have correctly spoken of this curious
and dreaded spider; several of them
have copied one another, and others
have devoted ' themselves especially to
its anatomy. During the course of my
travels in equinoctial America I have
several times had an opportunity of
seeing the bird spider m a' state of
nature, and it will perhaps be permitted
me to add a few personal observations
to those of the travelers who have pre
ceded me.
Of the several hundreds of spiders
that have been described, this ia the
largest. The largest specimen that I
captured measured exactly, with legs
stretched out, seven inches in diameter,
The first one I saw was at Martinique,
not far from Saint Pierre, in the trees
skirting a road. Its nest was suspended
from the branch of a Falicourea, an
elegant shrub of the Rubiacere, and its
appearance strikingly recalled those
large caterpillar nests that we so fre
quently find upon the Aleppo pine
(fmus halepensis) on the mountains m
the vicinity of Cannes and Nice. It con
sisted of a beautiful white silken tissue.
of several thick layers, strengthened by
very strong threads capable of arrest
ing a small bird. In the center were
placed the eggs, perhaps 1.500 to 2,000
in number. As soon as the young are
hatched and escape from the cocoon.
large red ants of the genus Myrmica
wage a bloody war on them, and feast
upon their whiteish flesh of no consist
ency and without hairs. Such destruc
tion happily counterbalances the rar
ages that the spider would make were
it to multiply too abundantly. In fact,
the adult animal, whose body measures
no less than four and one-fourth inches
in length, not including tne legs, is as
ferocious as its aspect implies. Its en
tire body bristles with long reddish
brown hairs. Its eyes, e'ght in num
ber, are strangely grouped upon a small
elevation (cephalothorax) ; six of them
are arranged in a triangle on each side,
and the two others are separated at the
apex of the warty prominence.
At the extremity of tne strong,
black, smooth jaws are the palpi,
shaped like legs, and each terminating
in an enormous, black, shining sting,
which is obliquely swollen like that of
the scorpion, and. like that, filled with
a dangerous venom. These are not its
only weapons. At the extremity of its
abdomen two elongated glands secrete
an abundance of lactescent, corrosive
jiquid. which the animal is capable of
ejecting against its enemy at will, in
order to blind it or render it insensible.
Add to this a muscular power so great
that it is vry difficult to make it let go,
even when it has fastened itself to a
smooth body, and we shall obtain some
idea of th- formidable manner in which
this species is armed.
It is rare that the bird spider is seen
to hunt during the daytime, except near
its nest, and principally in dark places;
but as soon as night arrives it leaves
its lair. Its wonderful agility, a char
acteristic Which it shares with its con-
f eners, is coupled with rare boldness,
t attacks large lizards, like the anolbj
of the Antilles, and likewise serpents,
it is said. These it falls upon as - quick
iis a flash, and seizes by the upper part
of the neck, in order to prevent them
from resisting. If it surprises a hum
ming bird upon its eggs, it buries its
terrible pinchers into it between the
base of tiie skull and its first vertebra.
Injects therein a poison which paralyzes
it, and then sucks the' blood of its vic
tim at leiiure. La Nature.
If thire is a craze called roller
ikating rtging in the land, as reported,
tt is very itrange that some of the para-tn-aphistion't
make a joke about it.
Horristoun Herald.
Someone has discovered that the
reason wjy men succeed who mind
their owt business is because there Is
tittle competition.
MUTTON AND MERINOS.
The Two Factors Which Render Sheep
Raising: ProHtab e.
Sheep husbandry would not be profit
able if we saved the fleece only. Mut
ton and wool are the combined object
we seek. But as we once before stated
the larger the surface the larger the
quantity of wool;- and thus far certain
It the argument is on the side of size
What argument can be urged against
it? That it rcqu res mor ? lood to keep
a large than a small t-hceot Withou
saying and prov ng more than tins.
is no argument at an. uoes it cos
more to keep a large sheep than the
profits which . its returns compensate
for. is the quest on. As to the . d Iter
ence between the amount of food con
sumed by two sheep of different szes
the opinion must be largely speculative.
Indeed, we can not see how a defin te
rule could be faxed, for all sheep of
one size do not make the sameeconom
ic d use of food. One may assimilate
perfectly, and another may "not. It is true
that the digest on and powers of as
limitation of the sheop are very strong.
and may be said to be almost uni
versally nearly perfect Still thre is
a difference, ana may be more differ
ence than we are able to see. But we
do not bel'eve that a large Merino eats
more than it pays for; .n fact, we do
not believe that the di.ierence is
worth consider.ng. At the Mich gan
Sheep Breeders Association last year
we noticed it at the t me it was
stated that a French flockm aster had
demonstrated that a heavy sheep -shear
ing seventeen pounds of wool ate twice
as much as a light sheep shearing six
teen pounds of wool. As between two
individual sheep this might be true
but as we understand the statement, it
was that the Frenchman found this to
be true throughout a flock; and if that
is the statement, though it may prove
nothng to say we do not believe it.
still we say it. The principle in regard
to large cattle is equally applicable to
sheep, viz., that it does not make any
difference how large an animal is, if it
is gvmmetrically developed, compact in
foiin. A speaker at the convention re
ferred to recocrnized this principle.
though he did not comprehend it. He
advocated a sheep of medium size and
compact form, evidently believing that
we could not secure compactness if we
went beyond the size stated. But we
all know that this is not true, for we
see large compact animals every day.
An angular sheep is not more desirable
than an angular steer. Such an ani
mal will eat, and eat. but will take on
fat very slowly, if it does at all. The
system will utilize that part of the food
consumed which maces bone and mas
cle, or enough of it to keep the bones
and muscles in fall strength, and will
excte the fat-producing elements. It is
a waste of resources to feed such an
animal fa t-proiuc;ng.' foods. If they
are useful for other purposes than
meat production, thev- should be fed
the non-fat-form ng foods as long as
thev can be made to se.-ve the purposes
for which they are kept, and then oe
s:ot rid of in the easiest way. .1 there
is no other purpose in keeping
them than meat production, everyone
must judge for himself what he will do
with them. As to the sheep, the bone
and muscle of the angular animal wdl
secure the nourishment, to the detri
ment of the fleece to some extent But
if we had a sheep that was s mmetri
cally developed it would not be objec
tionable if it was as large as an e.e
phant. In th s country, where we have
so much feed that wo "desire to convert
into greater than its original value.
what we particularly want is an ani
mal that will consume all that it will
p-ive an account of.
It is fortunate t at but lew tnougtit-
ful breeders will agree with the gentle
man to whose remarks we have refer
red. Unless there is some special rea
sot of a selfish character for a d fferent
advocacy, all breeders w;ll advocate
large sheep. As one gentleman said at
Lansing, the champ on shearer ot the
world was a laree sheep. vv hen a
man has a family of high ped greed
Merinos that are small, he will advo
cate small she?p. of course; and he is
pretty nearly tne oniy man wno aoes,
i . i i j
This was shown by the results of the
attempt at this convention to deter
mine the idea of the members of the
association in regard to the s ze of a
stock ram. Those who bel eved that
one hundred and thirty pounds.
independent of fleece, was the prop
er size, were asked to stand up, but
none responded. The same request
with reference to a hundred and forty
pounds met with no response. A hun
dred and fiftv pounds drew four to
their feet, and six thought that a hun
dred and sixty pounds would be satis
factory. But already the reader, who
knows that many high-priced merinos
will not come "up to these higher
weight, have begun to wonder how the
owners of such could consent to be put
on record as favoring large sheep.
This was the thought that came to us
as soon as we began to read the re
port Well, they would not be put on
record. The four who voted for 150
pounds, of course, had rams of thaf
weight, and those wno stood up ipr itu
had rams of that size. But when those
who believed 170 pounds were ind ca-
tive of the proper size, the convention
remonstrated aga nst being put on rec
ord upon such a matter, and we think
very properly, for the merit "of an ani
mal, as already stated, depends upon
other things than size. At the sugges
tion of 10 pounds, some one stated the
requirements in the an mal in a nut
shell, as we have stated it above: a
sheep could not be too large, or, as the
speaker put it. "scarcely too large," if
balanced up with other good qualities.
Western Kural.
The annual Teport of the Ohio Ag-
r'cultural ExperinvntStation urges the
preservation and maintenance of for
ests, and says this concerning wood
anas: "lhe nrst step should be to re
move all worthless varieties, and to
encourage the valuable sorts to take
their place. Stock should not be al-
owed to run in. wood lots for purpose
of forage; there should be a careful
guard against fire; seeds should be
planted in vacant places of such va
rieties as are most desirable; shoots of
interior var et es should be kept down
and valuable sorts should be trimmed
up, so that they may grow tall, form
ing trunk rather than branches."
Cleveland Leader. .
IS THE CONSERVATORY,
fiarl Marble. i
"But w must return! What will they say I
i. es, I know it s awful nice.
In the window here, from the others away,
With a taste now and then of the ice,
And now and then of Oh, you wretch!
It wasn't at all required I
That you should illustrate thus with a sketch
ilie speecn tnat ol course you aclixurea.
"No matter how naughty.
There
you
have
siKuea
The 'classical Grecian knot'
In which you like my hair to be coiled,
And I really don't know what I
Other mischief you haven't done I You're
just
Real naughty I You squeeze like a vise!
Why can't you men take something on trust,
And be more dainty and mcei
"There! I'm ready now. What! just one
more?
Oh, aren't you a darling tease?
And love me so? one, two, three, fourl
There! come now, dearest, please.
I'm almost afraid of the parlor glare.
When they look at my lip3 they'll see
The kisses upon them. " "No, not there ;
But, sweet, in your eyes, maybe !",
A Modern Tower of BabeL
THE PROPOSED OITK THOUSAND FOOT TOWXK.
Among the plans proposed by the architects
and engineers who are preparing the designs
for the international exhibition of Fans in
1889 is one for the building of an immense
tower. The height of this building, should it
be erected, will throw all the architectural
monuments of the world into the shade. It
is to be 1,000 feet, or nearly twice as high as
the Washington monument which at present
is the biggest thing out doors. M. Bourdais
is the engineer with whom the idea of this
stupendous monument originated, and he ex
pects to make bis work useful for various
purposes. For instance, people can go up to
the top in order to breathe an invigorating
atmosphere, equal according to him to that
attainable in mountainous regions.
The Decline in the Coat of Food.
The following chart is tabulated from some
interesting figures in The American Grocer,
comparing the wholesale prices of food
staples for 14 years. The prices given were
obtained by faking the average yearly whole
sale price of the medium grade lor standard
article in each case. :
37
36
3J
3
33
32
31
99
19
if
17
it
2X
2f
23
12
11
10
17
16
IS
3
n
u
to
9
CHART 8H0WINO THTB FLUCTUATIONS IK
WHOLESALE PRICES OF FOOD BINCE 1870.
Taking flour as an example, it will be peen
by the chart that the quantity purchased in
1870 for 28 cents cost in 1873 36 cents: in 1878
it could be bought for 23 cents; cost in 1SS0
29, while in 1884 it was but 15 i cents, or less
than one one-half the price in 1872. The
greatest decline is shown in canned peaches,
which, costing 35 cents In 1870, could be
bought for 13 cents during Coffee
seems to be the only article among 17 of gen
eral consumption that is not much iower than
it was in 1870. Speaking of the decline The
American Grocer says: "A glance at the
comparative prices of leading articles of food
for the past 15 years evidently supports the
theory that we have arrived at an era
of permanent low prices. Thej decline ha.-
been continuous throughout the period men
tioned, necessitating a readjustment in the
economy of everyday affairs. 1 1 Vices have,
during the period under review, several time.-,
fallen to a point regarded below the cost of
production. Still, through the agency of
new inventions, unproved methods of cultiva
tion, cheaper labor, reduced rates of trans
portation, lower rates of interest and other
causes, producers and manuiaciurars nave
been enabled to reduce first cohC
Where Pegged Shoes Were Invented.
Bill Arp's North Carolina jLetter.
Aahville is the town and place where they
say pegged shoes were first invented, and it
came about because the town shoemaker
didn't have room enough to pull the waxed
ends out to their full length without hitting
bis elbows against a mountain on one side or
the other, and so he invented pegs that he
could strike up and down perpendicularly and
have plenty of room.
. t
.
V : i
V ''A
FASHION NOTES.
Borne of the Eccentricities Which IUtIa
sralah Woman's Attire In the Blae-GAua
Kegtoa.
Small knots and bows of velvet will
again be worn in the hair.
New summer bonnets will be of
drawli net, close at the sides, with trim
mings very high in front.
A black net bonnet with soft pink
roses is very attractive, this combina
tion of colors being always admired.
A glove intended for evening wear
reaches to the wrist, and has a long
lace sleeve of the color of the glove
extending nearly to the shoulder.
A beautiful little jacket of black net,
embroidered all over with gold, with a
deep flounce of gathered lace, and a
moire sash fastened about the hips is
very becoming to youthful figures.
A girl's hat is of gray straw, bound
with blue velvet, and trimmed with a
blue and gr y scarf, with a handsome
gray buckle in front. Another is of
fine brown straw, with high crown and
curved brim. It is handsomely trimmed
with brown velvet and a cluster of
spring flowers.
A large hat of split English straw
braid is in sage color. The brim is
faced with moss green velvet and edged
with gold tinsel cord. A wide band of
velvet, overlaid with tinsel torchon,
surrounds the crown, and in front is a
large drapery bow of velvet, sur
mounted by ostrich tips and dark green
quill feathers and a metal aigrette.
In th latest bonnet styles we ob
serve one of medium size, faced with
gold tinsel nicotine, the brim finished
with a fringe of gilt and straw beads,
having a soft crown of Egyptian em
broidery in a design of tinsel and straw.
The trimming was of chartreuse-green
velvet ribbon, crossing the top and
forming the strings, and on the left of
the top a monture of green marabout
tips and oats, upon which rests a large
grasshopper.
A pretty dress for a little cirl has a
skirt of handsome brown and red plaid
material, made with broad side plaits
and set on a waist of silesia. A long
jacket of brown velvet, closed at the
throat, falls open over a full vest of red
silk, the back of the jacket fitting
snugly. It has coat sleeves and a small
sailor ' jacket collar. A frill of lace
at the throat and wrists completes the
suit.
Another large hat has a flattened.
oval-peaked crown of rose-colored silk
undervailing of Oriental piece lace.
the brim being formed of bordering
lace. The hat is trimmed with rose
colored ottoman ribbon around the
crown, a bow being made with long
ends at the left side oi the back, with a
monture of full nodding white ostrich
tips placed on the left side of the front.
Another bonnet, with mitre crown
and pointed poke brim, is of pale.
itraw-colored silk, covered with- tinsel
embroidered net. ' The crown is defined
by folds of French erepe, and the brim
is faced with brown velvet and over
laid with drop straw fringe. A large
bow of cork-brown satin ribbon is on
the top, held down by a tinseled bird, and
strings of the ribbon complete the
trimming.
A handsome dress is of moss green
Sicilienne with front trimmed with
wide, handsome passementerie of cut
black jet, with small jet tassels depend-
ng from it. A long polonaise opens
over the front, showing the passemen
terie, and is edged down each side with
a rich trimminer also of iet. arranged
n Vandykes, The folds are caught up
very high toward the back, and fall in
fraceful folds over the skirt of the
ress.
A costume of mushroom color, in
faille francaise is attractive. The skirt
is trimmed with narrow stripes of tar
tan velvet running round it. The polo
naise is tucked longitudinally upon the
bodice, these tucks supplying the full
ness for the skirt of the polonaise.
The folds are caught back very high
and fall over the skirt of the dress. A
little cape of velvet, the same color as
the faille, trimmed with a thick, deep
fringe, in which all the colors of the
tartan are mingled, completes the cos
tume. Loutsvtue Vourxer-Joumal.
NEWSPAPER CUTS.
How a Urleht Boton Joarnatlrt Met an
Emergency.
About nine years! ago James W.
Clarke, who is now the managing editor
of Boston Traveler J was conducting
the Boston Sunday Times. Illustrated
journalism had never, so far as I know,
been heard of then, and the enterpris
ing young man, who was always trying
experiments and original inventions,
bethought him of the attractions of
outline portraitures. The famous Bel
knap commotion was going on then,
and young Clarke conceived the idea
that to bring out the portrait of Mrs.
Belknap would be j a very "taking"
thing. So on Friday he advertised in
all the city papers jthat the Sunday
Times would contain this portrait, lie
telegraphed to Washington for a pho
tograph, and behold! none cou Id be
obtained. Saturday j came. He tele
graphed to a friend in New York to
search Sarony's, to search every pho
tographer's, but there was no success.
Saturday night came, and it was
demonstrated to a mathematical cer
tainty that no photocraph of the lady
could be. obtained. In this dilemma
Mr. Clarge sought a wood engraver,
arranged with him to cut the likeness
of an ideal beauty that figureg on his
favorite brand of tobacco, and the next
morning this ideal divinity appeared in
the Times, duly labeled "Mrs. Bel
knap." I doubt if from that day to this
any reader of that illustrious sheet ever
knew the dillerence. it was MrUlarke.
believe, who first introduced this illus
trated journalism into Boston. Chicago
Inter Ocean.
In Maryland, in early times, a box
of forty pounds of tobacco was levied
npon every taxable inhabitant for the
pay of the preacher s salary. 1 his tax
was collected by the Sheriff, who
charged four per cent, for his services,
and also deducted from the total col
lected one thousand pounds per annum
for the payment of the Parish Clerk.
By the laws of Virginia every clergy
man received annually one thousand
five hundred pounds of tobacco and six
teen barrels of flour.
;3
WTXXIAM, ZXFEROa OF GERMANY
and king of Prussia, son of Frederick Wil
liam ILL, was born March 22, 1797, was edu
cated as a soldier and took part in the war
of 1813-15 against Prance. In 1840 be was
appointed governor of Pomerania, till 1848,
when the revolution drove bim to England.
In the same year he was elected to the con
stituent assembly at Berlin, and later ap
pointed commander-in-chief of the Prussian
army. When the mind of his brother gave
way, in 1858, William was createa regent,
and after the former's death, without heirs,
he succeeded to the throne as William the L
In 1867 he became the head of the North
German Confederation, comprising twenty
two states, with a population of 29,000,000,
and on January 18, 1871, In the palace of
Versailles, he was proclaimed emperor of
Germany, in addition to his title of king of
Prussia. William L married, June 11, 1829,
the Princess Augusta, daughter of harlea
Frederick, grand duke of Weimar. They had
two children Prince Frederick William and
Princess Louise Mary. The life ot the em
peror was attempted on two occasions In
1878.
A World In Pawn.
Federal Australian.
The idea of the whole globe being hypothe
cated by countless millions of debtors to a
calculable number of creditors ia a very
startling one, when it is abruptly and
nakedly presented. And It is difflcv ". to
imagine so vast an estate in liquidation, or to
conjecture to what bankruptcy court the
creditors would prove their debts, or who
would be the official assignees to collect and
distribute the assets.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that the
whole world is in pawn, and that its balance
sheet shows us an aggregate of liabilities
which is absolutely appalling. They have
been summed up in The Fortnightly Review
by Mr. A J. Wilson, an experienced writer
on financial subjects, and the total is the
stupendous sum of 5,394,000,000 an amount
which, if represented in sovereigns, it would
take a man172 years to count, at the rate of
a sovereign a minute, without a moment's
cessation from beginning to end.
To defray the interest on this enormous
debt requires 200,000,000 per annum, which
Mr. Wilson represent to be fully equal to
the entire earnings of 8,000,000 of people; and
"did each individual in these 8,000,000 sup-
port a family of three persons only betiue him
self, the interest uponliese debts would im
ply the absorption of the entire support of a
population equal to that of the United
Kingdom. "
Of course, a calculation of this kind takes
no account of the debts owing by municipali
ties, counties, cities, railway, canal, gas,
water, insurance and other public companies.
But these would assume still vaster propor
tions, for the capital sunk in railways alone is
4,000,000,000, and this is of course a debt
owing to bond and shareholders; while the
local debt state and city in the United
States amount to 175,00,000. The mother
country is the greatest pawnbroker in the
world, and draws 250,000,000 per annum
from the nations and colonies indebted to her.
Mr. Wilson is of opinion that the time baa
arrived when a stop should be put V) this
system of mortgaging the future to meet the
expenditure of the present, and when Eng
land, more particularly, should begin to ex
tinguish her existing liabilities. But his ad
vice is not likely to attract much attention.
Nations are just as improvident an individu
als, and not one of them has ever been de
terred from rushing into a war of ambition
or aggrandizement by considerations of the
burdens it was entailing on posterity; and the
United States is the only one which lias taken
prompt measures to extricate itself from a
national debt.
FREDERICK B. OPPFR.
Mr. Oj'por, vLoee grotesque Illustrations
in Puck, notably tboe accompanying Bill
Nye's articles, have brought him well
earned praise, is but 27 yers of age. Ac
quiring the trade of compositor in his na
tive place, Madison, Ohio, he came U, New
York at th age of 18, and began work on
Wild Oats as a draugbtsmm, fro n .which
he went to Leslie's, an I, after three years, to
Puck. While his delineat.o.is of iti Iruta
and Hebrew characters seem to be hi 1 jrtx-,
his lampoons on social subjects hare Uen
probably his best work. It is to be hoped
Mr. Opper will yet show his skid in illus
trating a volume from some of our well
known humorists.
Ills Ilalrplua.'
Cor. San Francisco Chronicle.
A friend of mine who knows Joaquin Mil
ler gave me a funny description of how he
used to go calling with him in Washington.
That was before Joaquin cut his hair and
then he carried it all carefully fixed up with
hairpins. They would reach the house and
ring the belL If the lady were out they
would go away. If she were at home
Joaquin would take off his hat, carefully
take out the hairpins, let the hirsute mass
fail over his shoulders and march into the
drawing-room with the poetic Etride of
Walker of Nicaragua.
Philadelphia Call: People with delicate
olfactory perceptions may bo intereted in
knowing that as a rule out of 1,000,000 cod
fish eggs only 100 survive.
Boston Courier: Sugar is selling at 2 centa
pound in many places in Cuba, and the
question arises what do the grocers adulterate
the sand with?