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About The Columbian. (St. Helens, Columbia County, Or.) 1880-1886 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 12, 1884)
THE COLUMBIAN. THE COLUMBIAN. V 1 1 Published Evkbt Friday-, AT ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA CO., OE., BT PUBLISHKD EVKRY FRIDAY, AT ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA CO., OR., 4 BT E. G. ADAHS, Editor and Proprietor. A . 0. ADA1T3, Editor and Proprietor Advertising Rates : - Subscription Ratbs: One year, in advance $2 00 Six months, " " 1 00 Three months, " 50 Ons square (10 lines) first Insertion. . (3 00 Eaea subsequent insertion. 1 09 VOL. V. ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREGON, SEPTEMBER 12, 1884. NO. 6. L KvFDT A M -LVJL -OJLJTl LA SENORITA. Elvira Sudnor Miller in Courier-Journal. I saw her on a golden day, The Spanish belle of Monterey; When first her beauty's glad surprise Shown out like starlight in the skies Twas evening on the Alamo, "When senoritas come and go, Each looking with coquettish glances From lace mantilla that enhances Their beauty as the soft moss throws An added splendor round the rose. The high comb in her raven hair Held one red blossom prisoned there. And round her neck an amber chain Had caught the sunlight's yellow rain The dusky bloom of throat and chin w as like a Bower witb vino therein, The glad spring in her step, the South Glowed in the rose of cheek and mouth, While over form and face was thrown A spell the coldest heart must own. She passed serenely thro the throng A perfect poem set to song. While e'en her graceful fan had taught Some voiceless love the seech it sought; She did recall a night of stars, Soft serenades 'neath lattice bars, A rose dropped silently below, Where slept the moonbeams' drifted snow, Fond looks for love alone to mark A dagger thrust made in the dark. I watched her as she moved apart And left a winter in each heart. Then said, lhalf sadly: "As the flower Hath graoe and beauty for an hour, So hhe, this radiant newcomer. Is but the blossom of a Summer, Like Joshua I would command The sun of loveliness to stand, That one so exquisite as she Might bloom and shine immortally." Facts (for Farmers. M. Quad's Letter. Bee here, my farmer friend, let me give you a few facts. The average farmer bhorteus the services of his lumber wagon one year by leaving it out in the sun and dew. His" plow would Iat one year longer if kept painted and sheltered. For the want of a little attention his harness wears out only half its days. His barns and sheds go to rack for the want of paint. Where the hoof -rot could be stopped in the first sheep if he were posted, he stops it in the thirtieth. The fanner who gets his agricultural hints from the almanac loses his hogs by the cholera.his fowls by the pip, and his horses slobber from his gate to the village store and back. Let a man run your farm on business pinciples and the fence corners would not take up four acres out of every forty; there would be no old box-drains about the house to bring typhoid fever aud doctor's bills. Those leaks in the roof of the barn would not spoil three or four tons of hay next j-ear; the want of an eave-trough on the house would not cave in the cellar walls; the first sign of disease among the live stock would be promptly treated; tools and im plements of every "sort should be carefully housed, and "Well I am going to shock you. I'd have the barney oiled and buggies and wagons washed once a week. I'd have a lawn about the house, and make a display of flowers and shrubs; I'd give a party now and then, and I'd encourage meetings of farmers once or twice a month, not to kick about railroad f 4:It;b,s or faw" alouT politics, but to post eacn other on farm work and the best way to manage it. Brave Sam Houiton lu Alabama. The Century. The fire of the Indians was deadly, and thus, muzzle to muzzle, the combat raged for some time. Houston's major, L. P. Montgomery, was the first man on top of the works, where he was instantly killed. Young Houston, who had a short time be fore been promoted to ensign, seeing his major fall, sprang at once to the spot aud received a barbed arrow in his thigh. With the arrow still in the quivering flesh, the young ensign, calling on his men to follow him, leaped down into the mass of Indians, and by his vigorous strokes soon had a space cleared around him. The works were soon carried, the In dians fleeing before the troops into the underbrush. Houston now sat down, called one of his lieutenants to him, and told him to pull the arrow from the wound. Two strong jerks failed, when Houston exclaimed in an agony of pain and impatience: "Try again, and if you fail his lime, I will strike you to the ground. " Throwing his entire weight against the arrow, the lieutenant drew it forth, but with fearful laceration and loss of blood. While the wound was being dressed by the surgeon. Gen. Jackson rode up and spo!:e words of praise to his young friend, giving him an order not to enter the battle again, which Houston begged him to recall; but the general only re- 5eated it more peremptorily, and rxle on. n a few minutes Houston was once more in the thick of that hand-to-hand struggle, which closed onlv with the fall of night. Acidulated Fruit of the Vine. New York Journal. "There's a seat, " said one Brooklynitc to another in the bridge-cars the other morning. You sit clown, " was the re ply to the invitation. " Really, now, I don't care to sit down. I have to be seated so much during the day that " Bffore the first speaker had finished his second sav a school girl had, with a w ell assumed air of innocence, slipped under their gesticulating arms into their seat. "I really prefuto stand in the morn ing. " :So do said the Brooklynite, while the seated passengers betrayed the ghost of a sarcastic smile. A Itapld Traveler. New York Sun. MMy son," said an .economical father, Man express train attains great speed. Lightning is proverbial for its rapidity, comets are supposed to hurl themselves through space at the rate of millions of miles a day, but, comparatively speaking, all these things are snails, my boy, all snails. " "Why, father," replied the young man, lazily puffing a 25-cent cigar," "what can possibly go faster than lightning?" UA $ 5-bill after it is once broken, my son. " It Using lu Pittsburg:. Philadelphia Call. Irate Pittsburg Parent This thing has got to stop. You have been allowing young Nicefellow to kiss you. "But, pa, why do you think " "I don't think; I know. He kissed you all over your mouth and on both cheeks. " "Why, yu were not there, and " "No," I vas not there, but I am here. I see that there isn't a bit of soot left on your face below 3-our forehead. " European Passenger Traffic. Chicago Herald. On all European railways there are first, second and third class fares for passenger traffic; the third-class fares yield the larg est margin of profit. During the last ten years the rates have been generally re duced, and it has been found that the re duction has invariably increased traffic enormously, even peasants, who formerly did not dream of traveling, indulging in the luxury of riding behind the iron horse. ONE HEART. rElla Wheeler in Midland Monthly To rise eaily, work late, hurry through his three meals like some hun gry animal, and plunge into bed with tbet first shadow of night, was John Chester s idea of existence. To s.t and talk awhile, to read an hour, to speak a tender word or bestow a tender caress, were follies and non sense in his eyes, let tney would have made Clertrude s life at least content, if not happy. "Poor thin?. I don't believe she has ever had anv one tell her she ought not to work so hard, inusei Breece. "Well I'll do what I can to brighten her dull life while I'm here. "Are voa fond of books V he asked her that evening, as she satmending. "Very," she answered. "I have never had very many, though, since I came to Iowa." "Would you like to use mine? or would you like to have me read aloud a little while every evening, wh le you sew?" "O, if you would onlv real to me 1" Gertrude answered, her cheeks flaming with a sudden glory. "I will," he answered, and after that he read alnio-t evening for an hour, while the steady, sonorous snore from the next room testified to the undis turbed slumber of John Che ter. Of course there could be but one re suit for a woman in Gertrude Chester's situation, exposed to the constant, de lightful companionship of a young, re- hned and handsome man. bhe grew to love him with all her heart and soul For weeks she did not know her dan ger. Then she began to realize it ; at first with fright and shame, and then with exultation. "I have done no wrong," she said to her own soul "I have not by look or word or act brought this upon myself. It ha? come to me. and it would not have come if it had not been best for me. Life holds a new glory for me ; the world is more beautiful than it ever was to me. I am better, stronger, nobler for my love. He does not know he need never know its existence. I can conceal it, but I will not try to banish it from my heart. Breece Berton became indispensable in the Chester household. He often lent a strong arm at the ax, and in the hay field. "It develops muscle," he would sav, and as he paid his loard bill regularly, John Chester made no objection. Gertrude grew fre her and younger everyday. She had not known what it was to ha', e to much assistance and sympathv in all her married life. She sang like a bird, her step grew elastic, and her eyes were glorious in their new beauty. She held a stroncr rein upon herself. "Bhewas Stiver bLra b.Vj.to the slight est look or act which told her secret. Her manner toward Breece Berton was that of a blithe, frank sister or comrade whether in presence of others or alone with him, and this love grew, and filled her whole being like a gre-t light. Sometimes she thought ot the time when he must go away. The thought always brought a quick, sharp paiu with it, yet only for a moment. "This love is mine, whether he goes or stay nothing can take that from me," she reasoned, and the spirit within her looked out through her lovelv eyes, until all who taw her remarked how young and beautilul Gertrude Chester wa-s growing. Breece Berton finally grew grave, moouy and absent-minded. When questioned by Gertrude if he was ill or in trouble, he answered that his business matters annoyed him, noth ing more. Yet, as the weeks went by Gertrude knew that there was some' thing more sho feared that he had dis covered her secret, and was angry or displeased. She drew more within her self, and treated him almost with cold ness. A week later he announced that he was going away. They were quite alone John Chester sleeping heavily in his room. "For long?" she questioned, a3 she bent over her 6ewmg. "For good," he replied; "I have thrown up my go ernment business my land agency affairs and I am going back to 1 hiladelphia to eater into busi ness there." "Indeed," she answered very calmly; "when did yon decide upon this ? and why? Something must have oc curred." "Yes, something has occurred," he replied. May I ask what? or would you rather not tell me." Her heart was beat.'ng wildly, a sick ening fear that he referred to her love for him made her feel faint and dizzy. But he was not looking at her. "I would rather not I must not tell you," he responded. "It would pain and anger you." She knew now that he did refer to her love for him. That he had dis covered it, and was driven away by it. A blaze 01 angry pride brought the blood back to her cheeks. She would convince him that he was mistaken, if the effort killed her. "If it concerns myself, or my hus band," she sa'd, "I insist upon know ing. I think it is my right to know." "It concerns you both vitally," he an swered, "yet, unless you insist, I would rather go away without telling you." "But I do insist." He shoved back the chair in which he had been sitting, and arose and stood before her with folded arms. "Well, then," he said in a low, slow way "I am going away because I love you with all my heart and soul, Gertrude." "She co ered her face with her hands. Her heart ceased beating, her whole being thrilled with the most exquisite delight as sho listened to his words a delight that was almost agony, ne loved her he loved. Ah I now she was rady to die. V He reached forward and took her hands from her face. She drew them quickly away, and faced him, white and beautiful as a goddess. "No," she said, "do not stay go. It is best. But I am not angry with you I I, too love you. No; do not speak do not touch me, Breece. Let this love remain as holy and beautiful as its source, which is divine. Let it j not be profaned. Go, and I wiH stay. Tut the love is ours, and will help and strengthen and glorify our lives always." "Yes, and some time some time, Gertrude, God will give you to me. I feel it. I know it. I can wait. Good night." The next day he said good-by to her in the presence of her husband ; a white circle about his mouth and his s verted eyes alcne spoke his agony. He was suiering intensely it was a young man's first passion. He had never loved anv woman save his mother and sister until now. All his heart and soul had gone out to this mature and beautiful and refined woman who was six years his senior. lie never liked to think of the weeks which followed, they -were so full of keenest tor tu re and misery. -There was no savor in life the city sights and sounds maddened him, the fa?es of old friends were hateful to him. ' He dreamed only of the glory of one woman's eyes. He wrote occasionally to the Chesters, letters which all the world might see. They were life and light and food to Gertrude. She read between the lines Her days were not so full of misery and pain as his. Her love was an exalted sort of ecstacy, which sustained her in h;s absence as well as in his presence, "He is mine, here, there, in life or in death." she reasoned. It is a spur itual union which does not depend upon physical presence. Nothing can di vide us now, or ever." fche believed in this fully, and was happy, but she wrote nothing her hus band could not see, and she felt sure Bree.e would understand all that she left unsaid. Two years had pas ed, when John Chester went on a protracted land hunt to Lakota. Gertrude had mentioned the fact in a recent letter. By return mail came one from Breece, a few brief, passionate lines, begging her to allow him to see her. fcbe, tco, was filled with a wild longing to see him but she wrote him a calm refusal. "It is not right, or wise, or best," she said. "Come when he returns, but not during his absence. Breece Berton's jealous hatred of the man who called her wife, prevented him from accepting the conditional invita- t.on. He wrote less frequently after that. but he sent her papers and books. She always felt herself remembered, even when six months passed with no letter And so two more years passed away, and then John Chester's robust frame became the prey of pneumonia. At the end of another year he died. All that tender nursing and constant care could do, Gertrude gave. She slept only by snatches for months be fore he died. She sat in torturing po sitions and held his head upon her breast for hours, lhatiie might rest easier. She lost flesh and color, and dark circles came about her eyes. Yet her spirit never faltered, some strange power sustained her. After he was dead and all was over, she was ill for a time. Two months after John died she wrote her first letter to Breece. It was but a few lines announcing his death, and her own subsequent illness. It brought a letter of conventional sympathy in return. She had not ex pected more, yet in her heart was anew feeling, hhe could not curb her love, now that it was not wrong, yet she waited for him to be the first to suggest a meeting. Eight months went by, and no line from him. The silence grew unbear able. She wrote again a formal enough letter, and yet she felt that it would breathe the tire of her soul in every line. He replied after a month or two, with a letter of some length, but made no reference to any meeting. "I fancy you will soon be besieged by fortune hunters," he said. "You have mv sympathy." hhe smiled over that. Ah! that was it ! he feared to be accused of seeking her fortune. That was why he kept away from her. Well, she could go to him. She had sent no intimation to Breece of ner visit, but slie dispatched a messenger with a note, telling' him of her arrival in the city, and asking him to call that afternoon. She found it difficult to await the return of her messenger. She paced her room, say ing over and over : "It is like a dream a dream 1 But O, he predicted it ; he foresaw it ! He said God would yet give me to him." And great tears broke over her cheeks. The messenger brought back word that Mr. Berton was just going to the matinee with a lady ; that he read the note, and begged the messenger to say he would call in the evening; that he was already late, or would write his re ply. Her heart fell. Could she wait until evening? And how could he ask it of her? How could he bear the interval, and she so near? Ah, but he was acting as escort for a lady. She called back the messenger. "Do you know to what theater he was going ?" she asked. "Why, with the crowd, to hear Ger ster, I suppose," the boy answered. "Everybody goes there to-day." Gertrude rang, and ordered a car riage. She, too, would attend the mat inee. She swept the house with eager eyes. And not in vain. She saw him with a fair young girl at his side. She was very young, not more than 18, and he w as the soul of devotion. It was a horrible afternoon to Ger trude ; one of slow torturing doubt and fear. At last he came. He had grown handsomer and grander during the six years since they parted. His form was more majestic, his hair darker, his face had more expression. He was a superb man a man to win hearts without-making the least effort. Her heart heaved with a wild, suf focating passion as she looked at him. He came forward with easy dicnitv. and gave her his hand, and one swift, all-noting glance. "I am very gla I to see you acrain " he said; "but you are not lookincr nuite well ; I fear you are fatigued. Ihe disappointment in his dance' the formality in his tone, cut her to the heart. She glanced at her reflection in the tall mirror opposite. Ah! she ha not thought of it-before, but she had grown old- O, very old, since they parted. The physical aspect of their iove had never entered very largely into her views. She had dwelt in u state of spiritual exultation, and had forgotten the years that were stretched between them. In that old time neither of them con sidered her six years of seniority. Now, they both thought of it, for as she looked in the mirror, it was painfully evident. "Yes, I am fatigued," she said. "The journey tired me, and then I attended the matinee, and the air was close." Tes, it was close. ( I did not see you there." "I saw you," she answered, "and your companion. She . was a lovely girl." A slow flush crept over his face. "Yes, she is a beautiful girl. A guest of my mother's and a great favorite at the house." "And liable to hold a nearer place yet," Gertrude suggested, her own voice sounding strange in her ears. There was a moment's silence, and then he lifted his eyes and .met hers bravely. "Yes," was all he said. Soon after ward he rose to go. They exchanged a few commonplaces, and then he turned and took her hands. "We are to be friends always, hope ?" he queried. i "Certainly ; why not ?" she responded, with a ghastly attempt at a smile. "Well, I hope as muchi But it's sometimes hard, I after an experience like ours, to establish a friendship. It cannot be done tmless the passion is wholly outgrown. I knew it was on your part, four years ago, when you re fused my last anneal to see you. think your fee' ing was more pity and sympathy for a mad boy than any thing else, but mine was a gen nine frenzy. I had to fight; it for years Gertrude. During the last two years I fancied I was outgrowing it; and during the fast year I have dared dream I was beginning to feel a caluerand more healthful love in my heart. half dreaded to meet you, though, lest the old fury should return. But now I am glad I have met you, for I know we will be royal friends hereafter and that the past is wholly buried. He paused. "Yes, wholly buried," phe replied. "and we must a. ways be royal friends, indeed, Breece. "I will see vou again, I hope?" "No, not this time. I am on my way east and only remained over here one day to meet you. It was true but the plan had been conceived during the last live minutes. She could not let him think she came from Iowa wholly and solely to meet him, and risk this result. 1 "Then good-night and good bye," he said. "Write me at your leisure, and when you return, come and visit us. I think we shall be settled by that time. She closed the door behind him, send ing a blithe good-bye after him down the hall. lnen she turned tne key and was alone, with her castle crumbled at her feet, and the happiness of six years lying dead beneath. "Mv life is all in ruins all in ruins- God help me," she moaned. Then, after a little, she said slowly: "It is not so much that he has gone but that it has gone; the love which was so beau tiful and terrible so strong with life and passion. And to think it could be outgrown and leave nothing, noth' ing." Then she arose from her crouch ing position before the open grate, and retired. Next morning a strong smell of gas pervaded the room, and Gertrude was quite deal. "Only a Man. Ben: Per ey Poo re. Aunt Sallie Davis, a well-educated lady of the old school, who died in September, 1881, aged 91 years, had Bhaken hands with every president. from Washington to Haves inclusive. She was tali and commanding in ap pearance, with a strong and pleasant face, keen black eyes and affable man ner. She was born in a house which stood near where the congressional cemetery was afterwards located, was married in the same house, died within sight of the place, and was buried in the cemetery. Mrs. Davis saw W a-h-ton lay the corner-stone of the oapitol on Sept. 18, 171)3. She was then a lit tle girl, 6 years of age. A few years afterward she caw the father of his country at Rockville, Md., and was fond, in after life, of telling an incident of that occasion. So great was the enthusiasm that the people took the horses from the carriage and pulled it along the crowded thorough fares. At a certain point the carriage was stopped by the crowd opposite to where she was standing. Directly in front of her a mother proudly lifted up her curly-haired boy to get a glimpse of Gen. Washington. The little fellow burst out in exclamation: "Why, mother, he's only a man 1" Washing ton heard the remark, and laughingly called the child to him, gave him a coin, and said: "Yes, my son, only a man ; always remember that." A Solemn Decree. Chicago Herald. From a French state caper, latelv brought to light, it appears that in 1770 solemnly passed and duly registered under King i ouis XV. : "Whosoever, by means of red or white paint, per fumes, -essences, artificial teeth, false hair, cotton wool, iron corsets. liOODS. shoes with high heels, or false hips shall seek to entice into the band s of marriage any male subject of his majesty, shall be prosecuted for witch craft and declared incapable of matri mony." Licorice. A company in Connecticut manu factures nearly all the licorice used in this country 17,000,000 pounds a year. Confectionery and medicine, take about 1,500,000 pounds, and the remainder goes into tobacco. , Thriving; Industry. One of the most thriving industries of Germany is the manufacture of an tique armor, which modern wealthy families buy to exhibit as heirlooms. MAKINQ CASTS IN PLASTER. The ModelThe Danger-Coat Be producing ITIarble. Chicago Tribune. "Casting in plaster is apparently a simple process, but in the art centers of Europe it is really a profession, and one in which years of practice are required in order to obtain proficiency." So said Mr. Howard Krctchmer, the sculptor, in answer to innumerable questions. "The specimens of celebrated works of sculp ture seen in America are good, bad, and indifferent. Too often they are the copies of copies that is to say, they are not made in tne motets taken airectiy from the original. The infinitesimal variations in the first copies differences so slight as not to bo detected by eye or measurement are serious 11 continued. "Did you ever notice that when a car penter is sawing several lengths of board he always uses the same piece for measure? The reason is, that, whatever difference or error may occur in any single measurement cannot be continued or increased if the original measure is adhered to. "But you wish to know how plaster casts are made; well, then 1 must first impress you with the fact that sculpture consists of three distinct processes, r irst, the clay or wax model; second, the plas ter copv: and. third, the finished work in marble, bronze, or whatever material is desired. Now. a tinted preparation of plaster of Paris mixed with water, of the consistency of rich cream, is thrown in a thin layer upon the soft, moist clay model. This is called the danger-coat, and is followed bv a thicker coating of coarse plaster, sometimes supplemented by iron rods or sticks imbedded in it to give proper strength to the mold. In a few moments the plaster by a chemical ar rangement sets and becomes a hard, rigid covering, the inner surface of which is in close, perfect contact with the sur face of the model, following the very minutest detail of form and texture. This covering or mold is divided or sep arated into such portions as the charac ter of the form may render necessary by pieces of tin or brass set edgewise, like a division wall in the clay, before the plaster is applied. "When the plaster is hardened suffi ciently the several pieces are separated from each other and from the clay with but little difficulty. Of course the clay model is partially and sometimes wholly destroyed in the process of removal. Any adhering clay is removed; the sur face is carefully washed, and after the application of oil," soap-suds, or a solu tion of soda to prevent adhesion of the plaster with which the inner surface of the mold is afterwards covered the pieces are adjusted and firmly bound to gether. "We have now a plaster form akin to a jelly or ice-cream mold into which a preparation of plaster is thrown and worked, covering the inner "surface to the necessary thickness, and allowed to harden. The coarse plaster and bind ing irons of the mold are now broken off by means of a dull, blunt chisel and mallet, leaving the plaster cast covered by a thin coat of tinted plaster. This danger coat is then carefully removed by the same means, the previous appli cation of oil and soda admitting of easy separation, while the difference m tint between the cast and the danger-coat serves as a valuable guide in the delicate operation. "I have already explained to you the way in which a copy of a clay model is made by means of what is called a waste mold. Both model and mold are de stroyed or wasted in the operation. The method emplo3'ed to reproduce the cast, or a marble, bronze, or any other rigid form, without injury to tne original is very different and requires great skill. Indeed, very few of the for- matones as men who follow this industry are called in Italy ana oniy mose 01 exceptional amury, are permitted to make copies of the val uable works contained in the public and private galleries of Europe. The reason for this the danger attendant on the work I will explain to you presently. "Reproductions are made by what is called a piece mold, which is so arranged that the various pieces can be readily re moved and readjusted. "Thus, in molding a sphere, or say an egg, by precision in the dividing line, the mold might be made of only two pieces, as both would draw from the ob ject without difficulty. A pear of irreg ular shape might require three or four pieces. And when you consider the in tricacies of forms in a figure or group you will not be surprised when I tell you that several hundred or even a thousand pieces are sometimes necessary. These pieces are held together or keyed by a plaster cover of two or more parts, called a cask, which serves the same pur pose as the hoops around the staves of a tub or barrel, or a printer's chase for type. "When the mold is completed the cask is first removed, the parts being laid near the work, and into them the vari ous pieces of the mold are adjusted as they are removed from the figure. The parts of the cask are then fastened to gether, and we have a plaster form simi lar to a waste mold? the cask taking the place of the heavy coating, the pieces of the mold representing the danger coat. When a plaster cast has been made in this the mold may be removed, as I have just related, and is ready for another copy. When many copies are to be made from it it is dried, oiled, etc., details unnecccssary to - describe. Gelatine molds are now frequently used, the gela tine being held in position, like the piece mold, by a cask. j "A great danger in making plaster molds on marble lies in the fact that plaster expands slightly in setting. While this quality adds to the perfec tion of the impression, it may, unless great discretion is . used, crack or break forms in high relief, such as ornaments or even limbs or-delicate masses of drapery." . j When They Will Keallze. j The Boston Globe thinks that when the 112 young fellows who have gradu ated from Princeton as "journalists" have worked twenty-three h6urs out of twenty-four for a few weeks, they will begin to realize what Longfellow meant when he wrote: "Life is real, life is earnest." j Dr. Talmage: Genius is worse than stupidity if it moves in the wrong direc tion. I , The Ancient and Modern Needle. Hardware. The needle is one of the most ancient instruments of which we have any rec ord. The modern needle is a pointed instrument having an eye,and is used for carrying a thread through some kind of fabric or other material. It is probable, however, that the needles of those people who lived in very ancient times had no eyes, as instruments of bone, which were most likely used for this purpo e, were found in caves that were inhabited by the ancient people of France; and the needles of ancient Egypt, which are pescribed as being bronze, do not ap pear to have been made with eyes. dome writers are of the opinion that in place of the eye a circular depression was made in or near the blunt end. in which the thread, was buriecL Pliny describes the needles of bronze which were used by the Greeks - and Komans. Thcse instruments have be&i found in the ruins of Herculaneum. ' ! The first account that history gives of the manufacture of needles is that they were made at Nuremburg in 1760, and while the date of their first manufacture in England is in doubt, it is said to have commenced in that country about 1543 or 1545, and it is asserted that the art was practiced by a Spanish negro or na tive of India, who died without disclos ing the secret of his "process. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth this industry was revived and has continued ever since. Christopher Greening and a Mr. Damer established needle factories at Long Credon, Redditcb, near in England, 1850, and these were soon followed by other London needle makers, j Redditch is still the center of needle manufacture. The eyes of the earliest needles were square. Many unsuccess ful attempts were made to bring out the so-called "drill-eyed" before they were finally introduced, in 1826. Two years later the burnishing machine, in which the eyes of the needle were polished was completed. In this machine the needles are strung on a steel wire, which is caused to revolve rapidly and thereby impart a beautiful finish to the eye. I The process of hardc ning needles was for many years accomplished by casting them, while red-hot, into cold water. By this means a large proportion be came crooked, and the services of a large number of workmen were required to Btraighten them. In 1840 the substitu tion of oil for water took place, and as this caused a large number of the work men to be thrown out of employment, a riot took place at Redditch, and the in troducer of the oil process was driven out of town. The machinery for making needles has now been brought to such a state of perfection, that from the coil of steel wire to the finished needle, the machines used perform their vigorous operations in a manner that may ' " said to be almost automatic. A Battle or the Birds. Long Branch Cor. New York Sun. In front of Maggie Mitchell's cottage in Park avenue, near Elberon, a robin, plump and large, was enjoying a soli tary feast recently in the middle of the road, when a pugnacious sparrow alighted alongside of him. The sparrow chattered and flapped his wings as if to invite the robin to leave. The robin evincing no disposition to retire, the sparrow forthwith proceeded to perch upon the robin's spinal column. The contest was brief and bloodless. The robin came to the conclusion that that was no place for him. Hardly had the victorous sparrow turned to taste the sweets of his triumph when there was a sharp whirr, and a thrush darted through the air, swooped down upon the sparrow like an avenging angel, and the feathers began to fly. The sparrow chattered as if calling for assistance, but kept on fighting like a Turk. The thrush make no noise. For a minute the fight was maintained with great obstinacy and with doubtful re sults. The sparrow, in point of size, was overmatched, but in agility he was the superior. The birds rolled in the dust, picking and clawing at each other. The spar row at last gave indications of weariness, Vjut when two others of, his species clat tered up, like reserve fire engines after a third alarm, his courage revived. But now the thrush resorted to strategy. He darted away, thus sepa rating his antagonists. He then spread his wings, and, like a flash of lightning, dashed into the nearest sparrow, stretch ing him out in the dust. Iho other as sistant sparrow displayed no longer any enthusiasm to continue the contest. The sparrow that first got into the fight, seeing one of his comrades prostrate and himself deserted, new up into a tree and gave vent to his feelings in chatterings. The thrush, finding -himself the sole survivor of the fight, helped himself to the repast discovered by poor robin, and looked unconcernedly at his stunned and prostrate foe, gathered himself together and flew away. While the thrush was in the road not a sparrow interfered with him, although there were ten or twenty of them in the vicinity, watch ing his movements. What a Queen Has Written. Exchange. Queen Elizabeth, of Roumania. is one of the most literary ladies of European courts. She has written much about women, and some of her thoughts are worthy )f transcription: If a woman is bad," writes the queen. "man is generally the cause thereof." "Do not trust a man who does not be lieve in thy happiness in thy home." "Among the savages the wife is an ani mal of burden, among the Turks a xury, among the Europeans she is both." "The woman ot the world is- seldom the wife of her husband." "An unhappy wife is like a flower ex posed to the blast; she remains a bud for a lonk time, and when she develops to a blossom she quickly withers and fades." "The virtue of a wife must often be very great, for not unfrequently she must have sufficient for both herself and her husband." "If one forgives one loves no loneer.' for true love knows nothing of forgive ness." "The jealousy of those who love us is the grandest flattery." Man and wife should never cease la do a little courting, no matter how old they may be." j CLEANING AND DISINFECTING. Hints Which Are Timely In Cholera- Threatened Reg-Ions. Cincinnati Enquirer. There are some simple methods of cleaning and disinfecting that ought to be ruaue known generally, and if even one- half of the people would adopt them lucre would be a vast improvement. A crood, stiff broom, well plied, is anout the cheapest and is one of the most effect ual. Try it first -of all; and after trying . . f . , , t . 1 I. T L 11, iry 11 again, ana Keep on trying it. it better than gossip, or growling, or chaffing the garbage-gatherer, or swearing at the street-cleaners, or making the heat hotter and hotter by fauflndlng. The broom is a sovereign remedy for the domain of dirt just as surely as it is a woman's natural organ of duty and defense in the case of a worthless, . ill-tempered, lazy, loafing, beer-guzzling husband. Next to the broom and its partner in the holy work of cleaning is water, if used at the right time. But for cleaning gutters and other fifth spots it ought to be used early in the morning before the hot sun turns the water into a vapor that carries off with it the noisome fumes, and so does more damage than good. Of chemical disinfectants one of the cheapest is copperas just the cheap green vitriol. Two cents a pound is enough for ny body to charge for it; and the grocery keepers, who trade with more house keepers in a half a day than any other store-keepers do in a week, couldn't ren der a better service than to buy a barrel of copperas and deal it out to all their cus tomers. It is to be had at wholesale for less than 1 cent a nound. and a barrel of it could do a very effective work in a large neighborhood. Then there Is lime the ordinary un slaked lime that can be sprinkled about In gutters and pools, and ought to be used much more extensively than it now Is in the shape of whitewash. The most powerful and easily used of the cheap disinfectants is chloride of lime. Two pounds, at 10 cents a pound that is enough for any white-minded man to charge for it at retail is as good an in vestment of 2U cents as you can make, if you want to keep a place clean. It won't clean a dirty gutter, or take the plies of rotten refuse out of your cellars, but after you have cleansed the spots once and want to disinfect them the chloride of lime is your friend. Some buy a bushel of lime and mix with it a pound or two of chloride, which is very sensible and effect ive plan. How Savages Use Hot Springs. Popular Science Monthly. The crevsers of New Zealand are found on the North island, scattered through the area which extends from Tonganro (a semi-active volcanic cone), in about the center of the island, to the Bay of Plenty. lney nave long been known to tne natives, who have no traditions as to their age, but from time immemorial have used the quiet hot springs to warm their huts and to cook their food. Every hut has Its boiler close to the door; bread is baked on large slabs of stone, placed over the hottest portions of the ground ; and on others, not quite so hot, the lazy recline, wrapped In blankets, enjoying Vulcan s beat, in these respects the Maoris have the advantage over our North American Indians, who have always avoided the Yellowstone re gion on account of their superstitious fears. Ihe springs of Kavu-bavu on Vanua Lcvu, in the Feejee islands, are pseudo geysers, l he latter were owned py an old woman wno was captured ly a chief in 1863, and cooked in her own springs. Miss C. F. Gordon Cumming. referring to this, says: "She was past 70, and must have been very tough and smoke-dried, but as in her younger days she had been a regular Joan of Arc, leading her tribe to battle, and herself fighting hand to hand with a hatchet, he de termined to eat her. So he had her cooked with the sixteen men, and made a great feast, and then to spite the people, before caving the district, he attempted to choke up all the springs, in which amiable effort he partially succeeded. These springs were also a favorite place for depositing all superfluous babes, especially girls who never got much of a welcome. They were popped in alive, like so many lobsters, and treated with quite as little ceremony. " A ttood and Generous Jplrlt. Chicago Tribune "Man About Town." I was forced to smile the other day when Mrs. Scoville, now known as Mrs. Howe, the sister of the late Charles O'uiteau, called on me to examine the MS. of a book which she had prepared for pub- ication, and in the course of her conversa tion stated that her former husband was about to marry again, and that she had a ot of wedding stationery that they had not used, and which she proposed to send him, in a good and generous spirit, to fa cilitate matters on the occasion. English Pen Pictures. We learn from one of the London society papers. The Lady's Pictorial, that the hair of Mrs. Burnett, the novelist, Is the joy of her existence; that Bret Uarte Buints; . that Mark Twain stammers; that owells has an iron-gray mustache and 'careless dark hair;" that Henry James Is ike the prince of Wales: and that Mr. George William Curtis wears a glass eye. An Honest Failure. Philadelphia Call Kate Field's co-operative dress associa tion brought only $71 at sheriff's sale, but Kate did not run off with the funds. It was an honest failure, which is. more than can be said of a good many collapsed en terprises started by horrid men. French Calfskin. Chicago Herald. In skinning calves, the French mode is to make a hole. Insert the nozzle of a bel lows, and blow the skin from the flesh. For this reason alone, it is said. French calfskin is superior to that made in this country, where knives are used in the skinning process. An Average Lle. It is stated that in an averace life of fiftr vears a man works 6.000 davs and sleeps as many more, eats 2,000, walks 800 is sick 500, and spends the rest of the half century in amusing himself. Directory Ditto Marks. This vAr'a Ttmitan rllrwtnrv comes out with a new wrinkle. When there are more surnames than one of a kind the first is printed in full and the following are designated by ditto marks. Philadelohia Call: "As we travel through life let us live bv the weigh, " as the coal-dealer said when he fixed his scales to suit him. They have neither goats nor cows ia span. How the milkmen explain their presence there is not stated. Arsenic does not usually kill a person who has taken a poisonous dose in less than ten or twelve hours.