VOL.
DALLAS, OREGON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1872.
JtfQ. 50.
33B&3
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.Origin ol the English sLaii
gtingc. BY DE-WITT C. ,CLISXON.
'The accesssioo of William the Con
flueror to the throne of England, was
the signal for the aouitulatioQ of tjac
institutions of the Anglo Saxons and
,the confiscation of their estates. The
curfew tolled the knell of their departed
glory and the forced employment of the
Norman language in all public acts ;
.the com pa Is ory teaching of the Nor
man tongue in all the schools ; and the
Jntr.o.&uctiorj of Norman manners and
Jorman customs into social life, sub
jected iiie Anglo-Saxons and their lan
guage to ridicule and, contempt. Their
fortunes were blasted, and they were
jforced to fly to the .mountains, or seek
refuge in foreign lands. But though
ihe fabric of Gorman power was erected
fin the ruins of their government, life
and vigor yet dwelt in the subjugated
race. While the Saxon noblemen in
the fastnesses of the country maintained
an open and deadly hostility toward the
conquerors, the monk, in whose veins
flowed the same Saxon blood, in the
quiet retreat of the monasteries of
Britain and the Western Isles, cher
ished in silence, a similar hatred, en
gendered by the disgrace of his beloved
pountrymea.
From the ruder days of the fifth cen
ury, the monasteries of the Anglo
3axon had beep the noblest specimens
pf architecture that adorned their
pouutry j within the silent halls of those
stupendous structures, beautified with
arches, with carryings and fine tracery
worc, and reaching with their massive
iralla and spires to the clouds, the
. (earned sought a safe retreat from the
ravages of Norinan tyranny and Nor
man oppression. There the gilded im
ages of angels and the Virgin looked
down from the vaulted ceilings. The
ibqs sublime paintings, whose subjects
were taken from the narratives of the
Evangelists, and life-like statues of holy
men, adorned the walls of thosp mag
nificent temples of God. There sacred
tapers burned upon golden altars. There
pious monks, habited in black tunics
and cowls, offered up in silence their
morning prayer. Amid stillness like
that of death, gentle clouds of incense
rose toward heaven. Tat awful silence
j?as broken by the solemn sound of the
organ re echoing along the walls. The
holy Abbott proclaimed from the desk
the sacred words of inspiration. The
light of the sun as it-rose in the heav
ens fell upon those splendid piles, and
piercing .through their beautifully
painted windows, sfhed its softened rays
on the solemn sceue. The solitude ol
the monasteries, hallowed by the pres.
ocoeofGod and by every religious as
sociation, was eminently fitted to inspire
in the breast of the scholar a deeper,
devotion to letters. Here, remote from
the turbulent WTjrld, he could cultivate
his native language and literature.
Here, undisturbed, he could pursue the
study of the fine arts, of philosophy
and poetry Uore he -could direct his
thoughts heavenward, and expend his
energies of miud upon elevated themes
Those pious monks, while they served
their God, and drauk deep at tin fourK
tain of letters, did uot forget their
country. Under the monks gown,
those stern Saxon hearts swelled with
emotious, and the laboriug brain toiled
with patriotic fervor under the un
masked cowl. They exhibited iu their
writings the most inefFacable marks of
that hatred which possessed the hearts
of their countrymen. They burned
with ardent aspiratioti to elevate their
nation from its rude and uncultivated
condition. They labored to give a na
tional character to their people and sta
bility to Anglo-Saxon institutions
Thus inspired by patriotism, those de
voted monks cherished a love fur Au-glo-Saxou
letters. The monasteries be
came at once both the repositories and
seminaries of learning. Literature
flourished under their protection, and
many valuable works were preserved
Lu their libraries. It was in their quiet
nails that Of J man sun? of the crea
tion ; Alftiee taught the principles ol
language to his untutored country men.
and the Venerable led? composed at;
ecclesiastical history of his race, which
aluue oiaims the confidence and admira
tion of posterity. It was iu the soli
tude of the cloister that a series of
monastic authors recorded, a eye wit
nesses, upon the pages of tho celt-bra
ted Anglo Saxon Chronicle, the history
of the time in which they lived. To
these institutions are we indebted for
the historical chronologies, (or the theo
logical treatj.-e.s, and for the religious
and narrative poetry of those times.
These works, by reducing the lan
guage to a written form, gave perma
nenco and character to tho Anglo
Saxon tongue. Uy the cultivation of
it in the monasteries it became a forci
ble and expressive lanuase, capable of
exhibiting, with beauty and elegance of
expression, the most sublime sentiments
iq poetry and prose.
After a century and a half the An
glo-Saxon came forth from these sacred
retreats full of its original spirit, and
with far more than its ongtual purity,
that, modified, by a contact with the
Norman tongue, it might form the Kng-
lish language of a later period. From
these sources we follow, with reverent
admiration, the advance of that noble
language along the course of centuries,
till now it contains the most solid treas
ures of human wisdom, poesy and wit.
The poet can now successfully embody,
in the English language, the loftiest
creations of his imagination : the philos
opher his gravest thoughts, and the
orator his most persuasive appeals.
There is no conception of the human
intellect which cannot find here its
most elegant and vigorous expressions.
Other languages may possess in a higher
degree some peculiar excellencies, but
in all the highest purposes of a lan
guage, the palm is borne away by
that tongue which was Ppoken and
studied by the monks of Whitby and
earmouth. Uius those venerable
monasteries have performed a noble
office for mankind they have long
since gone to decay ; their massive
walls have crumbled awayj their fine
carvings have yielded to the touch of
time, and their beautifully painted win
dows and statuary have been broken
and mingled in the dust. The deep
tones of the organ have ceasod to souud
along those ornamented walls. Prayer
is no longer offered up from golden al
tars. The light of the sun no longer
falls upon ftructures rising in majesty
to the clouda , it falls upon a pile o!
desolate ruins. Those stern Saxon
hearts have long since ceased to beat ;
they are no longer inflamed with anger
toward their haughty oppressors. Those
pious monks now sleep in peace, their
last sleep; those splendid ruins mark
their burial place ; their immortal
spirits have taken their flight to God,
but the language which they fostered
in the monasteries, in its higher and
nobler forms, is still extant, and is des
tined to live for many ages as a proud
monument to their patriotism and do-yotioq,
MRS. WHARTON.
A peculiar interest is felt in the
.subject of this sketch, who, it will be
remembered, was arrested some months
ago ou the charge of poisouiug General
Ketchum, in her own house at Balti
more. A few days ago her trial came
.o a. close and resulted iu her triumph
ant acquittal. In a report of the trial,
at Annapolis, on the 11th, reported in
tho -New A'ork Herald, we find tho sub
joined :
Mrs. hartou's life, from her in
fancy down to the time when scandal
with its hundred malicious tongues,
dared to asperse her name and poison
the well-springs of her joy which had
previously marked the even teuor of
her existence, was giveu to the public
through the solemn medium of tbe
witness box. From her quiet country
home iu Montgomery couuty, Pennsyl
vania, through the days of her child
hood, after the time of her marriage
with Captain Wharton, way out upon
the confiucs of civilization at Forts
Kearney, Leavenworth, and Gibson,
back to the place of her nativity, to
athiugton, to Cambridge, Maryland,
during the trying times of civil stiife
and finally to Baltimore city, she was
traced and her whole life laid bare for
the inspeetion of the jury. And such
a life 1 During ail those long years her
character exhibited a kindliness and
amiability, a consideration for suffering
humauity, which speaks trumpet! ton
rued against the accusations which
rets upon her. Whether as a irl, sur
rounded by the soft influences of home
life or on the pliins administering to
tho watits, and by her refinement and
cultivation, so: thing the rough edges of
frontier existence ; in the midst of
civil strife, with the din of battle and
rudo war in itt most repulsive form
staring her in tho face, or in the whirl
f fashionable life, surrounded by com
forts and luxuries, Mrs. Wharton alwa)
displayed the came self sacrificing dispo
sition which has caused friends to spring
to her side iu this the hour of terrible
iribul iri tn. All clashes of the commu
nity triti.ed to recognize instinctively
the lovely nature of the woman, and the
partisan spirit which raged with such
ieirful violence in portions of Mary
land during the late civil strife, was
hushed to silence in her pre.-ence and
stayed by her wonderful iullucuee.
Bachklor's IIkavk.v. There is
only one territory of any site, and
never has been bui one, occupied by
any considerable population, from
which woman is absolutely excluded.
Vet such a place exists to day, and has
existed for centuries. As far back as
history reaches, to all females it Ins
been forbidden ground. This bachelor
arcadia is situated on a bold plateau be
tween tho old peninsula of Acte, in the
Jjrreciau Arcfcipeligo, and the mainland.
Here, in the midst of cultivated fields
and extensive woodlands, dwell a mon
astic confederation of Greek Christians ,
with twenty five convents, and number
ing more than seven thousand souls,
and not! one of the monasteries dates
back from a later time than the twelfth
centuryi A few soldiers guard the bor
ders of this anti-female land, and no
woman is allowed to cross the frontier.
Nor u this all ; the rule is extended to
every female creature, and from time
immemorial uo cow, marc, hen, duck or
goose has been permitted to make ac
quaintance with hill or valley of Mt
Athos territory. A traveler was startled
by the abrupt question, What sort of
human j creatures are women?' The
very idea of woman, whether as mother,
wife or 'sister, is almost lost. To all
woman-haters j to bachelors of over
forty years' standing ; to all "men who
seek refuge from the wile3 and ways ol
the opposite sex, this region ean be
safely recommenced as a haven of ret
ugc.
A G ood Work. A patron of the
Willamette Farmer, writing from
West Prairie, Wisconsin and renewing
his subscription says : " Your paper has
becu the cause of sending about twenty
families from this town to Oregon, with
a capital of about fifty or sixty thousand
dollars. Royou see that if your paper
is not of any great benefit to me, it is
doing a great deal of good to tho State."
Thus it often happens that a well con
ducted paper may be doing a great
work for a State or neighborhood, and
friends at Lome not realize, or ppre
ciate its benefits.
Engineers have been sent for from
Europe to construct the bridge across
tho Mississippi at St. Louis.
The question of a good wagon road
from Portland to the Dalles is being ag
itatod. 1 Ma
Glitf. CROOK AND TUB COURT-
MARTIAL.
The special Cornsnoudentof the Alto.
writing from Tucson, Arizona, gives
the, following ;
The army officers stationed in this
portion of Arizona are at this time
much exorcised over the recent "Gen
eral Order, No. S3" from Gen. Crook's
headquarters, containing a most critical,'
logical and analytical review of the
strange proceedings of the Court-matial
which was convened here at Camp Low-1
ell's on the 4th of December. 1871, for
the trial of .First Lieutenant Iioyal E.
Whitman, of the Third Regiment of
United States Cavalry, (h has been
Quartermaster aud Indian Agent at
Camp Grant for sometime,) on the
charge at ' Drunkenness."" It appears
that a majority of th officers compos
ing the Court belonged to the accused
own regiment such old West Poiuters
as Capt James Curtis, of the class of
18G1. (These officers have since gone
toi3ao Francisco with their regiments,
en roate to Fort Mcpherson in Ne
braska.) Curtis was -President of the
Court. To the charge aud specifica
tion the accused, by hU counsel, Major
Henry B. Mizner, Twelfth Infautry,
(commanding Camp Lowell, pleaded
in bar of trial, that tho accusations
against him came, originally, from a
civillian of Tucson, and were inspired
by malice. The Court sustained this
pie without having required the de
fendant to substantiate it, and thus ab
ruptly terminated their ; labors."
Gen. Crook, in "summing up the
case," as the lawyers say, g.vcs each
and every member of the Court a terri
ble ' raking down," a most denuding
flaggellation, and does it in that plain,
courteous but decided language so char
acteristic cf the man. He ialU things
by their right names so there is no mis
taking his meaniug. Iu short, he pro
nounces the whole -proceeding of the
Court as silly, absurd and farcical in the
extreme. He remarks that " the Court
should feav proceeded to try and de
termine the gnilt or iunocencc of t' e
accused in the matter before it, accord
ing to the evidence, and their failure to
do so Bland without a sdudow of ex
cuse, or a precedent in law, or a custom
of the servi" e , and iu thus thwarting
the object for which they were nsscm
bled, they have placed Lieut. 11. S.
Whitman in a worse light than he be
fore occupied. Whatever object he
may have had in avoiding a trial, it was
duo to the officers of the reigmenl of
which the Court was largely composed,
that these charges may bo legally inves
tigated, so that, if iunocent, his honor
might be vindicated, and if guilty, the
service be rid of an uu worthy officer. "
Owing to the movment of troops, con
sequent upon the transfer of the Third
Cavalry from this department to Ne
braska, it ii impracticable to reassem
ble the Court. Whitman has been re
leased from arrest and restored toluty."
.
A Smart Girl. The Seymour
(Ind.) Time thus describes a young
lady who has no difficulty in fiudiog
something to do in this world :
11 Miss Lulie A. Monroe, the pet
daughter of the " heditor" of this pa
per, becoming disgusted with tho troop
of gentlemanly roving and unstable
printers who have been employed during
the past few months, swapping one for
another every few days and weeks,
cleared the last one out last week and
determined to do all the work herself.
Every type in this issue was set up by
hei nimble fingers, including the sew
advertisements since our last issue, and
she has three columns for next week.
And, beside all this, she did a big wash
ing, read about fifty newspapers; and
took two days recreation at the Mitchell
fair ; aud this active and spunky little
1 printercss' declares her intention to
get up the whole paper herself here
after." Eclipses for 1872. In 1872 there
j will be four eclipses, two of the sun and
two of the moon.
I. May 22, a partial eclipse of the
moon, invisible in the United States,
aud therefore not especially interesting
to tbe majority of our readers.
II. June 5, an annular eclipse of the
sun, subject to the same disadvantages
as above. An "annular" eclipse is
when a part of the suns disc projects as
a brilliant circle around the dark shadow
of the inoou.
III. November 14 and 15, a partial
eclipse of tho moon, invisible in the
United States. At Boston - it be
gins at 12:15 (midnight) and euds at
12:55.
IV. November 30, an annular eclipse
of the sun, not visible in the Uuited
States. Should we be "doubling"
Cape Horn at that time, the darkness
will be visible to us. j
PROFESSIONAL CARDS, AC.
BU. A I O It I
OCULIST, AURIST, CATARRH, THROAT
AND LUNO
fEYsici & nr.
OFFICE Corner of 3d and Mor
rison streets, Portland, Oregon.
DR. ABORN'S PRACTICE EMBRACES
tbe most modern si icntifio treatment fur
the plj aad radical cure vt chronio dieuea.
41tf
JOntt J. DALIT,
AtVy& Counselletvat-Law.
Will practice in tbe Courts of Record and In
feiior Court. Collection attended to promptly.
Office in Dr. J. E. Davidson' Building,
MAIN 8TKEET, INDEPENDENCE.
41-tf
J. C. GRUBBS, M. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Offer hi Services to tbe Citizens of Dallas
-nd Vicinity.
OFFICE-H NICHOLS' Drug Store.
34-tf
W. D. JEFFRIES, M. D.t
Physician and Sargeon,
Eola, Oregon.
Special attention given to Obstetrics and
Dueavei of Women. 1 tf
I. . i!UJLL,IrAAr,
Attorney & Counsellor-At-Law,
Dallas, Oregon,
Will practice in all tbe Court of the State. 1
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law.
Dallas, Oregon.
5pcial attention jriven to Collections and to
matter pertaining to Real Eatats. 1
RUSSLL, JERRI & YOODYARD,
Ileal Estate Agents
and Real Estate Auctioneers,
No. lOO. FRONT STREET,
PORTLAND OREGON.
J. A. A IILECJATE,
A Wy & Counsellor at Law,
OFFICE INT COURT H05SE,
DALLAS, POLK COUNTY, 0REO0IT.
29-tf
. S. S I L v e n,
X. 150, First Street,
PORTLAND, .... OREGON,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
DRV GOODS, CLOTHIM,
LADIES' DKKSS GOODS,
HOOTS AND SHOES, HATS & CAPS,
GROCERIES & PROVISIONS,
Highest Cash Price paid for all kinds of
Oounti-jr Produce.
ig-tf
FIRE!! FIRE!!!
fpO MY FRIENDS AND PATRONS I
JL would say that I have re-built my Shop
on the r
SAME OLD CORNER,
TJSSJfw J ,a Prep t0 d U kinds of
WAGON WORK AND HORSE.
SHOEING ON SHORT NOTICE.
As I hv lost all my property by Fire, those
indebted to me for work will confer a favor
by paying up immediately.
A friend in need, is a friend indeed.'
12 tf ASA SHREVE.
mi DOOR 1D
BLIND FACTORY,"
MAIN STREET, DALLAS.
1 bar. cooitftDtl on hand aod for Sil
WLDOW SASH, Glazed
and Ilnglazcd.
DOORS OP ALL SIZES.
WINDOW AND DOOR FRAMES,
All of the Best Material and Manufacture.
11-tf JAMES M. CAMPBELL.
FRANK A. COOK.
BOOKBINDER,
AND
Blank Book Manufacturer,
SAIEM, OREGON,
frfr- Having established a First Class
ISfi Bookbindery in Salem, is now
t3EICX PrPa to ao an manner of
work known to the trade.
Magazines, Newspapers and Music Bound
in any desired 8tyle.
Old Books Be-Sound.
BLINK BOOKS of every description, with
or without Printed Headings, Manufactured to
Order.
BLANKS of every kind Ruled and Printed
to Order. ,
PRICES REASONABLE
In Griswold's Block. 23-6m
PROFESSIONAL CARPS, 0.
DALLAS HOTEL,
CORNER MAIN AND COURT 81
Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Tbe undersigned, bavintr RE-PITTED the
above IKTEL, now informs the Pnblie that
he is pn-pared'to Accommodate all who may
favor hinj with a call, 'iu . good atyle a eaa
be found in any Hotel in the Country. Wie
me a call, and you shall not leave disappotiftefe.'
I2-tf W. F. KENNEDY, Proprietor.
SaddJ ery
Harness.
j
S. C STILES, ;
Mala St. (opposite 'fhe0r House), Dalit!
MANUFACTURER ANTJ DEALER IK
Harness, Saddles, Bridle, 'Wbipi.X'clUrs,
Check Lines, etc., etc., of all kinds, which be is
prepared to sell at the lowest living rates.
OrilEVA.UU.SQ done on abort notifl. i
KBW PICTURE .GALLERY
J. II. KINCAID has opened
New 3otgraphlc Galler?
In Dallas, where be will be pleased to wait oa
Customers in his Hue of Business at all bears
of the day.
Children's Pictures
Taken wUacwt grwwbling, at the same price as
Adults. St faction aarknteed. Price
suit the times.
Rooms at Lafeilett's Oil -Stand, Main Street,
Dallas, Pulk.Couuty, Oregon, April 27tn, IWI
G. IB. STALES
DEALER IS
(Ero eerie
PROVISIONS,
Cigars and Tobacco,
WOOD AND YILL0Y YARE&c.
DALLAS, OREGON.
nAH a& iivfrv. rxtn r nftir
STABLE
Cor. Maiii aud Court Streets),
Tho. Q. Richmond, Proprietor.
HAVIX PURCHASED THE ADOVB
Stand of Mr. A. II. Whitley, we have "re
fitted and re stocked it in such a manner ae
will satufttowrUy -meet -eveqr want-ef tbe eoa
munity. . 4
Buggies, si tite r double, slacks, Cofr
cord Wagons, etc., etc.
Furnished at all hours, day or night, ou
sfetHt notice r.
Superior Saddle Horses, let by. tftw
Day or Week.
TERI3S, nCASONAnLC
4 t. a. RicnaoND
IEV PAIiVT' SUOP,
Carriage, Wagon, Sign
AND - ,
ORNAMENTAL PAINTING,
GRAINING & GLAZMG,
PAPER HAW0INO, be,
Done in the most Workmanlike manner bf
H. P. SIIKIVER.
Shop upstairs over Ilobart Co's IIarBs
Shop.
DALLAS. POLK CO. OREGON
$73 HE VEjRF' WEI3!
HI ADE EASY,
LADY AGENTS.
We want Smart and Bnergetlo Agents t
introduce eur popular and justly celebrate
inrentions, la every liWao, Totem aW Citf
the World.
Indispensable to tvery Household;
They are highly approved of, endorsed and
adopted by Ladie, ikyUime and Divim
and are now a GREAT FAVORITE with
them, r "
Etery Family will Purchase One
or more of them. Something; that their jaentl
are apparentat a UUAMllfi.
DRUGGISTS, MILLINERS, DRESSXIAX2&3
and all who keep FANCY STORES, will lad
our exccllett articles SELL VERY RAPID
L Y, gives perfect satisfaction and netting
SMALL FORTUNES
to all Dealers and Agents -
COUNTY RIGHTS PRGQ
to all who desire engaging in an
Reepectable ami Iifiabl9 limine, at tbe Sana
time doing good to their companions In life.
Sample $2 0U, sent freo by mail on receipt of
price. SEND FOR WHOLESALE CIRCU
LAR. ADDRESS, :
VICTORIA MANUFACTURING C0UPYV
IT, PAim PLACE New York