♦ . IN F L U E N C E ® k * S R t t k lg g i t t f m n t ç jJ ijn a l. l * ' 1 aW. '■ f ínH*' : i «;•■ '. : - ^ I t IM U X D X Y B E T MONDAT MORNING Publisher. J. H. O P T O N , I - O m j»a r , $3 00 ; 100 ; U r * « Bontks, «1 00. six months. T Z R K t FOB CLUBS: I t r * copies, o » « ystr, $13 TO ; T«n copies • M year, $25 00, u d for any (reatar number at $3 30 psr sai JUserijSiM mmtl 3« pm d »trictly in advance. N ç w . G C h e a p C^OODS X llirJtcnre . Cutlery Clothing, Nails HOOTS If SHOES, And in fact *»*■ jib in g in the line of 8 T A P L B and F A N C Y GOODS usually kept In a retail Store will be found on bands and fur sale as CHEAP as the C H E A P­ EST. 3 if — N U N UOODül N E W GOODS! hare just received and now opened a new and fresh stock of Spriug and Sumuu-i GOODS all Grades, Kinds, , Styles. and Varieties. Well adapted to tl»is trade both as to prie. and quality- To »Lore desiiinjt to pnribase i. Spring supply. I will invite your attention, a 1 am determined to adapt the prices to suit tin present H ahd T ime *, and 1 ask you befun purchasing local/ at the OL D B R IC K CORNER And examine for yourselves. P R IN T S at I2J rci Is per yard. _ tiuod quality lour-lourtbs LliO W X CADOT ■ A S IlE h l'lN G 1C cents' C o F h t K bv the Nu-k 21 cents per pouio ie/ otlicr tiling« in prupoi tiju. Cornu aud *x »mil»*- a".I »a* »nM-fi d. J \ G €. B E L L J. E 1I4V1ÜML1, U D , P H Y S I C I A N & SU It G KO N . l N D T P K N I l l N C I - i ---- ---- new «-»«E t.C N co u u b i a \ H O T E L. Main Sl j CorvuUi», Oregon. E. S. A llree, : s Prop’r. oar«i and Lml^ing on reasonable terms Meals at all hours. B J. K. EE HO, IR A C T IC A L B I H H K R mud H R I-X k E K . HAH* Iodepedeoce, Oregon. M .C A Ü T E R B I R Y , JR. D., P H Y S IC IA N & oU R G K O N . D IX IE . O R E G O N , edieal Examiner for Manhattan life In ­ surance Co. of N. Y . M W O O L ! W O O L ! W O O L !! •r q OOO U^D O O Pr.unds o f W0f>L the California wanted for market, at M IT C ilE L A ROSEN DO UK’S, IN D E PE N D KNCE. wha have the Agency for Ca.ilnrnia. will pay a higher Cash price for it, tbau any other Louse iu the county. M ITCH EL k ROSENDORF. 8m3 J O * £ « THE JE1VELEU, I S la te S treet. Salem . O re g o n . s the place to (•> end ce your wati bt s • lin ks and jewelry r» paired in good sty b i warrant all my work f»i on j year; if it not right. I make it right RK M E M B E R T II K 8 I I O P IN THE POVT OFFICE B U ILD IN G . N. B. Fiue watches rtpaiued with the great •st ears. XL D r .W . D .J E l F R IE S . P H Y S IC IA N . & SU RG EO N. E O I.A , O R E G O N . Special attcition diseases of women. J|- given to Obstetrics and M c C a u lle y ALEXAND ER, J D ^ H T I S T S . FFICE on State streot, over Gills’ Book Store. Salem. Oregon. All operations performed by as are warranted to giro satisfaction. On« of the firm may lu found In oor r e •••• from 8 o’clock s u.. n»»tll 4 p n ., of each day. 8. D. M cCAULEY. idly E. V. H. A LE X A N D E R . O WATSON If CRISWELL. Architect» and Practical HOUSE CARPENTERS, IN D P E N D E N C E t h e n a t io n OREGON. New York* «July 8 — lh e Vonvoujion uiet ut lU a . M. Tiie U ill wa* filled m every p irif No prayer- was VdTcre 1. 'I lie foil«» si ug was auiouuced us the National Executive Committee: A la • no.a, John Fora lit ; Arkansas, John M. U e tr.c k ; California. John B ig ler; Connect it-tut. >1. Converse; D«'!< ware, oauil. T.’ifUfeiitir, Florida, Chas. K. l)vek ; Georgia, JL H- Col ¡c u t; Illinois \Vili*ur K. Storey ; Indian«, ^ m- Pluck; low », Dun el 0. Fm ch ; Kansas, J. Futon ; K t mucky, Thomas C. McCrce r y ; Louisiana, Joseph M cO onnrliy; Maine. SjlvunusR . Lym an ; Maryland, Odin B ow ie; Maasachu-etts, Fretlerick O. Priuce; Michigan, W illiam A. A. M<|ore ; Minnesota, C. '*/. Nash ; Mis si-aippi, C. F. H ooker; Missouri, Charles A Stewart; Nevada, J. W . McCurkle; N «w it amp* hi re. Henry Bingham ; New Jersey, John M. Gre. g o r; New York, August Belm ont; North Carolina, Thomas B r ig g s ; Ohio. John G. Thom pson; Oregon, J. C Hawthorne; Pennsylvania, Isaac E. Ueistcr; Rhode Island, Gideon Brad lord ; South Carolina. Charles II. Sim outnn ; Tennessee, John W . Sedgwick ; Tex >8, John Hancock; Vermont, lien , ry B. S m ith; Virginia, John Gord; West Virginia, John H a ll; Wisconsin Fred. W . Horne. Fish, o f Indiana, made a short speech ilid nominated Hendricks. He sai< lie dclfgalio.». had votid n reasomtid« l me for Pcndn ton and thought 'hey ■ liottld still adhere to the gentleman i.oin Ohio, and a minority ol the dele gates expressed the highest respect foi tieudiieks, but he said the State l'im . veution Ind instructed the delegates to vote tor Fenolctno. Th e roll wa» then called on the sev n itll ballot. MUsouri mol it poition ol Tt'linessee voted for Pendleton whose name w.is vocii'eroa-Iy cheered. A re- cess of 15 minutes was then taken. On tire eighth ballot Loui-iuna went over to Pendleton. A t the conclusion o f the call New York withdrew the name o f Church and cast u solid vote for Hendricks. This was received with frantic cheering mingled with hisses. The reiuianing ballots showed little change till the twelfth, when California east hall a vote for Chase. There was long, continued applause in the gaiter ies. A scene o f confusion ensued. A motion was made to clear the galleries, but not acted on. Tennessee gave one vote for McClellau and the galleries ap plauded, though not so long as for Chase. Pennsylvania still kept voting solid for A si Packei. A recess o f 15 minutes was had. On the ninth ballot, North Carolin • voted solid for Hancock instead o f Pendleton ; Virginia wont for Hancock, dropping Pendleton; California voted variously on different ballots, generally giving Pendleton 3. Oregon gave a solid vote for Pendleton. On the fifteenth ballot Pennsylvania went solid for Hancock amid great cheers. This ballot stood. Pendleton 129$, Ham-ock 79$ ; Hendricks 82$. Packer, Johnson and Doolittle, each received the same ’ otc a- before. On the sixteenth ballot Arkansas i changed from Pendleton to Hancock Georgia gave G$ for Hancock. Louis iana and M ' mmwu ’ m J left Pendleton and voted so id for Hancock. The r e fill was II iiteocl 113$. Pendleton 107$. Ilcudiicks 70$. Several delegations retired for c< n-ultatinn. On the 17 h ballot A l ihntna changed from P e n 'll« ton to lLiueock. New YTork, Ju ly 7.— Th e Soldiers' and Sailor-’ Convention met at noon.— General Franklin was not1 present, owing to indisposition. General Deu= ver of Calif >ruia took the chair. Slocum reported r resolution from the coiumitt'O on platform, reciting that a nominal interchange had been had with the Democratic Convention which had fully confirmed our former estimate o f the purity and patriotism o f that body, and fully justifies the be­ lief tli it in the selection o f candidates and con-truction o f the platform, the1 Convention will he governed by the spirit o f the address adopted by this body. Then fore, Resolved, That we will support their nominees, and on our return home, will induce our late comrades in arms to do likewise. Col. Campbell o f Ohio, moved to lay the report f the Committee on the ta­ ble. H e was unwilling to indorse the Democratic platform or candidates without k ifw iiig what they were. A sc«-nc o f great confusion ensued and the vote wus tinuly taken by States. when Campbell’s motion was lost, and the report o f the Committee adopted ; only seven vutes being iu the negative. General Ewing introduced a rrsolu- tion favoring the preservation o f the in­ tegrity oi the national securities, de*» daring the withdrawal o f national hunk currency aud the substitution o f green, hacks, w.«s a policy favoring the few a> against the many and (coding to pro­ duce repudiation. Gen. E w ing sup­ ported his resolution in a lengthy speech. A delegate Iroin California raised a point, ol order that the lesolution should go t«> tlie Coe inittcc without debate.— A motion to suspend the rules and al­ low the resolution to he passed, was I*r-1; 78 to 197 ; so the resolution weut to the Com iu ir tee. The platform o f the Democratic Con. veution was then read and received with applause, and a resolution accept tig the plalfui'iu was uuaniuiousty passed. General Buckner, late o f the Con fed crate army, was called for and greeted with cheers. H e said lie wanted dead issues to be buried, us the brave soldiers on both sides hud been buried, and both sections o f the country united iu unity aud peace. A resolution affirming the continu­ ance of the confidence and love enter- tuined by the Convention for General McClellan was offered by General SIo cum and received with tremendous cheeiing and unanimously adopted — A committee was appointed to convey this resolution to McClellan. A resolution o f thunks to President Johnson for removing Stanton passed uuder a suspension of the rules. A re-elution o f thunks to the officers o f the Convention was passed, and thereupon they adjourned sine di«?. Natl mat « ou veution—Filth Day. New Y»*rk, Jo y U.— The Democretio Nation­ al Convention u.dt-iubled nt 10 : 20 a . m Mr. Broariht-urf nominated Frank P. Blair — . e eulogist d It it» firmness of purpose, great courage, and indomitable will, lie would give a living meaning to bis pledge to proserve and defend the Constitution. Weller of Pennsylvania, complained that some remarks made l»yr Tilden yesterday, were elicited and in bad temper, ineidemally m u tioiiiug the name of Chase and the gullcaics broke ou: with unut the ring. The «hair announced that the 10th ba'lot Would l*> l a kin. A dt-ltgntc liom California briefly nominal ed Junge I icld lor President. Su'i.lu d cheers. Mr. VulluiiiligliMm read a letter* rom Peudle ton, dated July 2d, desiring the witiidraw.il of liis mim«*, Wtien '.he best interests of the party sei meil )n require it. Vul uodiali.tin says Me- t'leaii desirtd In present this letter yesterday, but the d< legates thnitgbt it best to keep Pou- d a-ton throughout yesterday. 'I be mil was then called on the 19th ballot. The re.uil lias been |>rsviousl> sent. 'I he 20th ballot resulted as follows: English. 10; liatieoiii. Id s): Doolittle, 12; Hendricks. i2l ; Ida ir, 13; Field, 0 ; Thus 11. Seymour, 2. 'I be 21st I a. 11«.t allowed little «rhauge, Ponii- Chicago. July 8. 4 o'clock p. M . — sylvai i. .till voting for «tatii-ocx aud Kentucky tor ilenurick». Mossaebuse is gave Chase 4 On the thirteenth ballot Pennsylvania 1 wemy.Sicmid ha lot. W uoii Ouio was went for Hancock. The bal'ot then railed. McCook said that by unaitiuiods direc­ tion el Lis delegalion aud with the assent aud stood : Pendleton, 129$ ; Hendricks. approval of c v »rj public man of that State, in­ 82$ ; Hancock, 79$. cluding Pendleton, to put in nomination On the eighteenth ballot, Pendleton. against bis iuctiiiart'in, but no longer aguiust i bis honor, tne name of liuu. Horatio Seym »ur. 56$; Hancock, 144$ ; Hendricks, 87 ; lie said let us vote tor a man whom the Presi­ Hoffman, Mayor of New York, 3. de uey bus sought and who has uot sought A row broke ont in the Illinois dele the Presidency. This he believed would drive Ir ni power the radical cabal at Wasbiugtuii. gation. Their chairman cast the vote He believed this nomination would eomuitiid solid for Hendricks A delegate pro the unanimous approval of Dcuiucrtts and tested. Pend ng this row, the con veil Conservative men of alt sections, lie asked on L c L h II of the cuutr^ that ¿Seymour should tion adjourned till to-morrow. yield to ibis wish ot the Convention. Seymour Nomina'« d. At this there wus grout excitement and ap New York . July 9 — Ou the 22d plause. the deleg uu-s rising and cheering. Mr. Met ook east the 21 vut»s of Ohio tor Horatio billot. Horatio Seymour, o f N ew York, Seymour. [Renewed cheering.J Mr. Seymour wag nominated for President. rose and said he hwl no language in which to Delegate to the Democratic Convention thank the Convention to express his regret 9 Killed. that his uutnu had been presented, but in a N ew York , Ju v 7*.— W h ile Peter qua-lion attevtiug his duty and honor, he must stand by bis opiuiju against the world. He Cnggcr and John E. Devlin were rid­ could not bo nominated without puiliug him­ ing in Central Park last night, their self and the Democratic party in peril.— horses ran off and threw both gentle Wbeu he declined he meant it He paid an el­ oquent tribute to Pendleton and bis aiagna- men out o f the vehicle. Caggar was nimity. lie added, your candidate I cannot found about midnight dead— his neck be. Vallandifbam said that in times o f great ex­ broken. Devlin is still unconscious igencies eveiy personal consideration should I L L taka Contracts for Building Houses • f every dsseriptiou and kind, In town and lie* in a critical condition. M d sountry. BatiafacUoa ruaranUsd. fitf ■•UUero’ and Sailor»* Convention. W . (Coneluttyfrom last reek.) D ry G ooil s Ui octrirt, 1 o f Convention P r o c e e d i n g s - 4 » h day» at . * N E W S . AL DLMDCkAI’lC CO* VEN * ION W MICH CONVE NE D tN NEW lO K t t , J l i U 4. ItMlA exhibit an excellent and S DALLAS, OREGON. M ONDAY, J U LY 20, 1868. T E L E G R A P H IC p r o c e e d in g Q. L E V I S rJ2££J~¿¿” VOL. i NO. 18. must yield to the dem mstrafion in his behalf. L E G IS L A T IV E ASSEMBLY. Ohio's vote must and should stand for H *r.ni > Seymour* Uo .-a'tod up »n seyeral delegates SENATORS KLLCTKD, 1868. to follow that lead' Marion— Samuel M iller, R., to fill Fram-is Kcriran. o f New York, to relieve the New Yi rk delegation, said they have bad no i vacancy. lot or part in tuts m ivement of Ohio. Tuny Lane— R. B Cochrane, D. hud heard s«m Aniug of it b«it declined to take ! Douglas, Coose and Curry— B. Her« auy part iu it out o f regard to the sensitive- ness of the President of the Convention — man, C. M Puxhbuker. R. limit other 8iotea should show . by . .- their ,» action ^ „ Jtrephine— B. F. Holtxclaw, D. that Mr. Seymour was detuaodjd oy the par- 1 * iu u n u ■ 7 ly iiV*be C*u ven tion, Nc*r Y u r k ^ o u fo L * « si-iU *'* If . urged «L a necessity of aiiaiSA V am ti in h lit ill— I I _S S a ' I 0 * . A Jatk.e ft. lent, llo tbo stieee i ss i In if* Y Adams, % the «-smpuigii and expressed bis opinion tbat W a-hing'on, Columbia, Clatsop and Mr. Seymour could tmw accept the judgment of the Convention with honor, aud that he Tillamook— T 11. Cornelius. R. Cluck ¡linns— ]). 1*. Thompson, R. should yield as a matter of due to its wish and with him f>r his c.iudi lato, New York was Wasco— Victor Trevitr, D. good I *r 100,( 00 m»j >rity. Union— Jas. Hendershott, D. The roll cal) was prio»ee«l«d with, Sta'e after SENATORS HOLDING OVER. State casting its vote f»r Seymour The Slates which bad voted for other candidates Lin n — Win. Cyrus, R. H. Crawford, changing to Seymour caused a scene of the ut­ most contusion. The cannon on tho street be­ D. Jackson— J. N. F. M iller, D. gan firing a -alute for the nominee, and Mr. Tilden, of New York rose. Great interett was B ‘»to n — J. R. Baylcy, R. maniferted to hear him, but the confusio- was Baker— S. Ison, II. very g&oat. He said that last evening he did Umaiiliu— N. Ford, D. uot believe that the event which had now oc­ curred could have taken place, lie had no ex- Marion— Samuel Brown. R . |>ectution tbat Ohio wou d come to the support Miilrnounh— David Dowell, R. of the distinguished citixcu »: Now York who G r a n t-C o l. Dribblesby, D. hail opposed Ohio’s earnest wishes. Iu conclu­ sion he announced the vote of New York solid Lane— 11 C. Huston, D.. for Seymour. The Chairman announced the Democrats. 12 ; Republicans, 10. result—317, the entire vote uf the Convention, REPRESENTATIVES. lor Seymour. A scene uf the greatest entbusi Benton—«J. C. Alexander, 11. A . a-m ensued. Mr. Preston, of Kentucky, moved to proceed Bcnsul. R. to nom uate a candidate for Vice President— Baker— Ransom Beers, D. A new scene of contnsion ensued A delegate Clackamas— J. W . Garret, D. P . front Csliforniaeulogised Mr. llaigbt, but said the £tate presented no candidate. Mr. Steele Trullinger, James Winston. R. said this was a mistake. A majority of the Columbia, Clatsop aud Tillamook— delegation naminated F. P. Blair. , Mr. Bigler tu ived a rece s for an hour, W . D. Ilo x ter, R. which was finally carried. On reassembling, Coose and Curry— R. J. Pendergast, llliuois presented the name of Gen. McCler- nand caHtng him va.-tly superior in military R. Dougin«— J. F. G alley, J. G. F!ook, ability to Grant McClcrnutid rose, tbauked tbo dclegite for the honor, but declined.— Jas. Applegate, R Iowa naued Augustus C. Dodge. Kauaaa Grant— Thomas E. Gray, R . E, mimed Gen. Thomas E «in g Jr., in accordance Neal, D. with ttie wishes of the Soldiers’ un i Sailors* Convention. Preston, of Ken ucky, a Confed­ Jackson--Thom as Smith, James L. erate ofiicer, named Gen. llluir, and said the Loudon. J. B. White, D. soldier» of the South extended their bands to Josephine— Is u c Cox. D. the soldiers of the North iu token of amity and goud will, Gen. Steadman seconded the n< ui La ui*--John W hi leaker, K. N . Tan inatcoii. IVadc Hampton, of S^utli Carolina, dy. 11. 11. G i l f y . D also seconded it. ’I be names of Kwing and Linn— W . F. Alexander, Jt»hn Bry Dodge were withdrawn and Blnir was nomin­ ated by a uuaiiim *ua vote, ail the S tales vot­ ant, R D. Johnson, Thomas J . Stiles, ing for tiiiu. J. T. Crooks, D. A committee was appointed to inform the Marion— T. W Davenport, David candidates ot their nomination. A resolution ••t thank» to the Tammany Society for the use Simpson, J. B. Lichtenthuler, J. Den­ of their ball, w.«s passud. The thanks of thé ny. John into, R. Conveutiou were also tendered to Chief Jus Multnomah— T. A . Davis, J . L lice Ctkse lor the able and impurtial mutiner Sco.-gins, James Powell, W . W . Chap­ with witch he presided at the impeachment.— The Cigiveutiuu then adjourned. man, D. G ^ ekal S h i e l d s .— Gen. Jamc* Polk— F. W aym ire, Ira S. Townsend, R J. Grant, D. Umatilla— D. M. Drumhiller, A . L. K irk. D. Union— Henry Rinehart, D. Union and Baker— D. R. Benson, D. Washington— Edward Juekson, J. A . Taylor, R. Wasco— D. W . Butler, Geo. J. R y ­ an. D. Yam hill— G. W . Burnet, W . W . Brown, R. Democrats. 29 ; Republicans, 18. Shields, whom California once proudly claimed a? a citizen, is now engaged in lecturing in Missouri aud Kansas for the pujrposc o f raisiug funds to aid iu building a Catholic Church in Carroll ton, Missouri, liis subject is the “ L ife and character o f Anercw Jackson, Dan­ iel Webster, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.” General Shields having served with these eminent men in the “ golden days ” o f the Republic is par­ ticularly fitted to execute the task In- has undertaken to perfonu. Ilis well .G r e e l e y , iu a«.filling bis position as known oratorical powers, connected to Grant, says “ we want a S tatesman .” with the grand subject, must render his lectures unusmily interesting — He says there arc a hundred Generals as good as Grant i f a General only will Stale Capital Reporter (Sacramento). do for a v o m in g — I t is rumored that Calvin B. Macdonald, the “ Tripple thund.-rer” o f the Salem Unionist, lias aceepted an invitation to tik e editorial charge of the O Aland Keening Trans ript. Mae is a terrible lell«»w to kill off newspapers His •• slain ” ar«i a!re«dy numbered by scores [)rafnn/ie Chronicle. Just whit we said last fill when Mae was transp anted to *• weblnotdom and the “ loval ” o f tbat Country were felicitating themselves hugely u tb** prospect o f bis routing Beriub Brown a d despatching • li«» Hern11 \I e told them Mac Wiisjus'ly a terror to news papermeu ! B it that we knew o f none wh > need dread so tuueb liis up|Moieb as the proprietors and j ublteliers ol the Unionist from whose sanctum he proposes to burl his thunders ! Mae’s artillery has a terrific back action !— Yieka Uniat. Just so. Th e UninntAt office was, on Monday last, closed out by the loil Sheriff o f Marion county. Mac. hud *• did ” the work and left in disgust.— A loil bread and butter chap bought the concern and the same will probably bo run until the hope« o f loilty are foreclosed by the election o f Republican Candidate. Mr. Greeley adds: ••If yon want t« talk abouthnrce* or tobacco we inn.v find biin the ui<>«t ratable oftnon. Not •me word upmi the qne.-'cm tliut rucks I he heart of the fuuutr> ! •* I sks iu* if you will, n* llly'se» S. Grant, GcnAral, an t w.ion 1 aui Presiil.'lit I sh ill do ns l |>luH.-e.” P we must take him, liut wu «lo uot feel like cheering over it ; cert «inly n t so I mg as ^rent »talesmen remain iu i>urrmks. “ Give ■•» Grain, b cause wo can elect him ” A^aiu ib.it cowardly ar^umeM* Friend», is there nothing in this great |»urty but office hunger ? 1» the chief end Ol uiau the portuffice aud rcvt-utie scrrice? Are we wilting to follow a douMful leader into uu uucertaiu battle lor uukiiowu priuciplos ?” The above alt *ws pretty conclusively that the great philosopher is not plea.-, ed so pretty well with the prusjec:, with G iant iu the tore gri uud. The ltadical party is staggering to its grave It has no future. Ds tufa my will be ln*t « r o ; au i ira wieke loe-s alone will bu iiumorial N o [tail should be mean enough to write its ep tnpli it arose upon the calamities o f the country, it reigned amid devastation and widespread ruin, it flourished when liberty was throttled, aud it will perish amid the exultations o f a rescued people .— Palmyra ( M o ) Spectator. Seymour and Blair next November. T o r t u r in g t iie D i s p a t c h e s . — *’ he 0 ego man m *kes the N . Y . Wo \d a .y Not long since, n gpntlemnn o f Fa yo te, M bs «sippi, bad r negro arrested and brought be’ore Dniel Ellis. Ksi|.. on a charge o f killing his hog, the evi denee was almost positive against the negro, and no doubt was entertained o f his conviction. But, under the law ndmiiting negro testimony, the defend nnt proved conclit-ivcly that he was at three different placet at the very tim • the hog was killed. “ A Grant/' vote for Logan is a vote for that the late National Democratic Con­ vention in New York fiuully determined that Grant should be tho next Presi dent W hen a newspaper must needs torture telegraphio dispatches into a fa­ vorable conclusion iu the special bolia'f of uny party, then we s»y that paper has little or no confidence iu the ubi.ity o f its party to succeed • y fair lueatis. A vote Seymour. for Smith is a- vote for O F M A C H IN E R Y . L "~ t * Th e inventors and contractors o f i chi aery have been the great instru­ ments in the advancement o f eivilise- tion, far surpassing all other influences. Christianity end education are, o f course, the leading powers, and upon the foundations o f these all oilier progress rests. But to get a proper « srimate o f tho effects o f machinery up«*n the morals, wealth amFhsppttiess o f a people, we have to take in view those nations where machinery is used tne least. I t may be yet a question whether the nee o f such aids to labor is a consequence o f superior cultivation o f miud uud the accumulation o f wealth, or whether the superiority in power, wealth and refinement is the result o f the labors of the in ven tor; whether machinery is a consequence or a cause. W e know that all times* from the very first invention that came to assist labor to ib e.tim e o f tho sewing m tohw *, all have been opposed by the efts* whose labor it assisted. This fact may bo taken into con-ideration by philosophers in discussing questions o f social ad- vatic« ment, aud the debit or credit ac­ count o f those advanced. In the e irliest stages o f invention all people « d e equally barbarians, and as «»tie people was assisted invention, in letters tm aus o f intercommunication, or imple­ ments of war, it arose ont o f barbarism uud to power. In the earliest times these advincctnents chiefly beoefitted the ruling classes, while the lower or­ ders were still left in m condition o f the most deb sed servitude. Fur centuries invention was aluio«t at a standstill, and iu borers aud manufacturers studied only to provide additional luxuries tor those who claim id, Jeiyracia, superiority o f blood. Solomon built vast temples, enriched with gold and s ilv e r; and, «ircssed in fine linens adorned with preeious gems while his slaves, or his people, carried the timbers for his temple upon their heads nntil the flesh was worn to the bone; and even to modern times, sovereigns ruled over nations o f slaves. The invention o f printing and o f gunpowder were the first steps to raise the people from their degradation. Th e first assisted to give them enlightenment, and the otlier to eq «a iz-; power. But from this dato, progression was very si w, until the iu* vent ion o f the ste mi engine. Thence­ forward advaoceui mt in labor -aviiig inventions, and proportionately, the comlition o f the people was eom|«sra- tively rapid. A s each invention has come into use, the condition c f the lower on4ers o f society has been Mmeii- orated, even those threatened with inju­ ry by the invention, and but few classes o f the laboring producers o f to­ day are inferior in information, or enjoy less o f the com torts o f life, than t he tyranicai, luxuri >us ruling classes o f • few centuries ago T o this advance­ ment has invention contribnted. W h ile the laborer has less hours to work, ho performs almost infinitely more than when unaided by machinery, is also better compensated for it. Through the influence o f labor saving and pleas­ ure affording inventions, the laborer now enjoys the, luxuries and comforts o f an enlightened civilization. Most markedly can this be seen in rompar^ ing nations of, perhaps, equal resources, where the inventive genius has exer­ cised its power and wrought its effects, and where it has been altogether n eg­ lected. The countries in strongest contrast are England and M xieo, or California and Peru. England, rich in min« r.«l mid agricultural resources, and possessing advantages o f commerce, has • ticouraged invention in its most exten ­ sive souse, and deveio|icd its resources t».rough its aid. By such means the little Island has become one o f the w eilthi st and most powerful on earth, and its people raise fruit) naked barbari­ ans in historic times, «re proud, eotn- lortalde, uud happy. Mexico, on the other hand, possessing resources un­ paralleled on any equal area o f tbs globe, performs its labor with the hand, and bears its burdens upon the back, and there the laborer is yet s half clad «»vage. and the Government weak and without resp ct. O f Jie two States o f Cililoriiin and Peru, the same compari­ son uiny he rnude. Both p r e s s in g favorable clim«*es and grind resources, je t one ist d ancing by th«*aid o f inves* tion with giant strides to greatness, while the other, plodtliug like s leats, is l ut despised. The details o f fhs manner iu which labor is performed ill either, are unnecessary. Suffice to M f tli