ROAD WORK IN ENGLAND.
Method of Maintaining Highways and
Filling Up Soft Spots.
<>F INTEREST To FAEMERS AMP M: < H ’
• A DOUBLE COMBINATION ♦
♦
. TREASURE BOX.
I
It may interest many to learn 'how' +
+
Government Bureau's Sound Ad- road maintenance is carried out in + «b + 4* + * + + + + + + * + + * + + +
Great Britain uud Ireland. All roads
3y ELBERT T. BENTLEY.
vioc on Road Drainage.
and bridges are unAer the direct j (Copyright, 1809, by American Press Asso
ciation.]
charge of the county surveyor, who is
REMOVE ALL WATER QUICKLY. lu all cases a quulifled civil engineer, "There’s a letter for you in the box.
with assistants under him to see to Billy.” said the farmer. "Somepln 1m-
the detail work. He divides the roads I portant, 1 reckon.’’
That on 8urfaoo and Underground as of the county into sections, as seems
Billy Andrews, a young farm hand,
Wall—Center of Highway Should Ba best to him. for maintenance purposes. threw down a pitchfork with which
Raised—Siao of Tiles and Laying These several sectious are advertised he had been tossing hay on to a wag-
Thom Matters of Importance.
locally in the newspaper« and by oth [ on, went to a rural delivery box on
er means, and blds are invited for their the road and took out a letter. The
The United Staten office of public
maintenance for six or twelve months, printing referred to was the firm name
roads In Washington sent out the fol says James Johnston of Douglas coun i and address of (’leaver. Cuttie &
lowing bulletin regarding the proper ty. Neb., in the Breeder's Gazette of i Crane, attorneys at inw. Tlie letter
manner of road drainage:
Chicago. These bids are opeued on a | stated that William Henderson. Billy’s
With an average of 27.000 tons of certain day by a board of county com uncle, had died and liefore his death
water falling In the form of rain on missioners. assisted by the county sur had executed an Instrument giving his
each mile of public road In the United veyor. The lowest bidder gets the nephew, who had been named for him.
States annually, it is scarcely to Is* work, but no bld is accepted until the a farm worth $10,000. The deed was
successful bidder puts up a bond
deposit comps
marveled at that the ten command signed by two solvent sureties tiiat the deposited in a safety
ny’s vault in the city. The key to the
ments of the road builder can be sum work will be performed. Should tin* box was at the attorneys’ office, and
med up succinctly In the word "drain contractor fail to do the work the Billy could have it by calling for it the
age.** The saying luts truth for a county surveyor can have it done and next day at 3 p. m.
basis, as good drainage is the primary sue the bondsmen for the work and
Obtaining leave to go to the city at
requisite for all roads. Even in sand costs. All bidders for this work have the appointed time, Billy put on bis
roads this holds true, for there "good specifications of tlie work to be dont store suit, took a train and in an hour
drainage*’ means such as will safely on the several sections of road. IIow was in the office of Cleaver, Cuttle &
long the section is, how many tons of
remove the storm water without ero metal are to be broken and put on, Crane. Mr. Crane received him and
read him the document by which the
sion or gullying and still retain the cleaning, keeping the water tables farm was conveyed. It was a very
surface moisture.
clear and the grass off the road—all singular paper. The box at the de
To obtain good drainage one must these are specified, so that he knows posit company was one usually rented
take Into consideration both the sur exactly what he has to do. The mat- to business partners. It had a double
face water and the underground wa ter of putting on the metal Is looked combination lock, one half of the com
ter. The surface water must be re after very closely indeed, The con- bination beiug known to one partner
moved quickly and completely and tractor has to put all the material on and the other half to the other, so
without subjecting the road to excess the roadside. The surveyor or his as that ft could only be opened when
ive Bcour or erosion. For this reason sistant conies and measures it and both were present. Mr. Henderson bad
the center of the road should be raised, then marks it with slaked lime, so Ki ven $10,0(10 in bonds to another per
and the slope towurd the side ditches that it cannot be interferred with un son, and, for the sake of economy, so
should be from one-half to one inch til it is put on the road, Farmers are said the instrument, had deposited the
to each foot dlstauce, or so that the always the contractors for this work, deed and the bonds together in one of
water will run freely to the side I The roads everywhere are always in these double combination boxes. It
ditehes and not flow down the road or good condition. There are many soft was specified that either party should
remain in puddles on the roadway. spots over there—bog and low lands, go at the other’s call bo assist in open
The side ditches should be of ample with rain every day and sometimes ing the box. Mr. Crane had notified
size to care for the severest storms, twenty-four hours at a time but the the other party to be at the deposit
with a fall of not less than six inches heaviest autos can spin along tlie bog company’s vaults at 4 o’clock that day.
to each hundred feet. Frequent, am roads and hi tlie rainiest weather with
This economical arrangement was
ple cross drains should be constructed no damage to the road.
certainly very well devised, though
They have no difficulty with the soft Mr. Henderson had not been a money
and every opportunity taken to get the
water away from tlie road as quickly bottoms in Ireland. They simply throw saver, nnd it seemed singular that he
as possible. Any road along which you in rock, and tlie softer the spot the should so suddenly have shown such a
see water standing lu the side ditches bigger'the rocks, until they make it a disposition. Mr. Crane sent a clerk
or on which puddles of water have hard spot nnd then put the small stuff with Billy to the vaults, and the young
collected or which has been badly gul on top. A mistake will surely- be farmer was shown into a parlor and
lied and eroded by the rains has poor made If bricks are thrown into soft asked to wait a few minutes. He
drainage and is iu need of Immediate spots. They are simply no good for spent them wondering what tlie “other
fellow" looked like—if he were a farm
attention. In fact, earth roads nearly the purpose intended.
It is to be hoped that the people of er or a city chap. While he was con
always require a little attention after
the United States will stop spending lecturing the door opened and the cus
each rain.
The split log drag is essentially a time and wasting money in shoveling todian ushered In as pretty a country
tool to maintain good drainage on our dirt into the soft spots, but will go to girl of eighteen or thereabouts as Billy
work like men of business and build had ever seen. She was Lucy Miller,
roads.
the owner of the bonds.
“I will take you two,’’ said the cus
NEW KIND OF ROAD MATERIAL todian. "to your box and show you the
process of opening it."
Opening several doors composed of
Salt and Alkali Scale From Boilers
steel bars and several more of solid
Used In Parts of Kansas.
The farmers in central Kansas as metal, he took them into a place
well as the people in the towns have where boxes were ranged in profusion.
been interested in good roads for sev Turning a key in the lock of their box,
eral years, and iu Ellsworth and its the custodian opened a small, thick
door and exposed a knob. He gave
▲ HOAD THAT DRAINAGE WOULD IMPROVE, vicinity one can see almost any kind BilJy a series of numbers a id showed
of a made road.
earth roads and should be used after
At one or two places in Ellsworth him bow to turn the knob. Then he
each rain. On a heavy clay or gumbo county there are short roads where supplied Miss Miller with similar in
soil the drag when properly used tends treatment lias been given similar to the formation. The joint owners of the
to puddle the road surface, keep it free pavement on Douglas avenue in Ells box were occupied casting sly glances
from ruts, dense, smooth and hard, worth. Here there are two blocks that at each other, and it required several
thus securing the best surface drain fool four fift hs of the visitors to the lessons to enable them to get at their
age possible.
town. Tlie treatment of this street respective treasures. When the box
But in many places the underground was commenced about two or three was dually opened each took a look at
water is too near the surface umi years ago. consisting of coarse and the contents. They expressed them
must be removed before a good road fine cinders in layers, then a covering selves satisfied, exchanged addresses
will be possible.
This means that surface of salt and alkali scale.
and departed.
some form of subdrainage must be
In a couple of days Lucy Miller re
The water in this country is very
resorted to, usually tile tintins or clay hard, and in all the steam boilers at ceived a note from Billy saying the
or concrete. Water from whatever the salt mills and other factories a sort, whole matter had been such a surprise
source must be got rid of effectively of alkali forms which must be remov to him that he had not even thought
▲s water lu freezing expands one- ed frequently, and this, with the salt to notice the location of his farm.
eighth its volume, the road heaves out and alkali scale that forms in the salt Wogpl she mind meeting him again at
df shape, and wheu the lee melts the pans, is used on Douglas avenue. It an appointed time? Of course she con
road disappears beneutb the rising tide forms a bard crust and makes a most sented she was obliged to consent -
of mad constantly fed by rains, melt excellent street. It is a success on and four days after the first opening
ing snows and underground springs.
the most busy thoroughfare of Ells there was a second one. Then Lucy
In seepy and boggy places the sub1 worth. and If the supply was not so wrote that some one had asked her if
drainage in order to be fully effective limited the farmers would use it Tor her bonds were “registered” or “cou
should lower the water level to not the rural roads and more of the streets pon." and she didn’t know. She would
less than three feet below the road of Ellsworth would be paved with It. like him to help her unlock the box.
During the second week of the joint
surface, if tiles are used they should The salt and alkali crust on Douglas
be carefully laid, true to grade. Most aveuue is now about three inches ownership' the box was opened four
failures in tile drainage can be at thick, and this lies on three inches of times. On the fourth Billy told the
tributed to carelessness in laying or coarse cinders and three inches of tine custodian that he needn't trouble him
too flat grade. Tile less than four cinders. It. makes a pretty street, in self to come with them to t'he box
inches in diameter should rarely is* appearance being like an asphalt pave since they now understood the opening
process perfectly. The custodian smiled
used, nor should a grade of less than ment before it becomes dirty.
and reminded Billy that he had cer
six inches to the hundred feet Is? used
tain unlocking to do himself. When
unless absolutely nece^ugry in a very
Cost of Oiling Roads.
they left the office Billy looked wist
dense sol) it is always advisable to
A recently published wport of the fully at a leather covered sofa in the
cover the tile to at least s depth of
six to twelve inches with a coarse sand Boston park commission is Interesting. parlor, wishing he and Lucy could sit
In 1906 twelve miles of road were there awhile together, but tlie deposit
or flue gravel. Care should always Is*
treated with oil to keep down the company was a place of business and
taken to procure a free outlet for the
dust, and the result was so satisfac nothing else. However, when Lucy
drains and to protect the outlet with
tory that in 1907 the whole extent of
a concrete bulkhead or catch basin, more than forty miles was treated in wished to cut her coupons Killy- was
which can always be kept clean and this way. Mr. Putnam, the engineer, permitted to go into a little 4 by 6
compartment with her while she did
the outlet free
has carefully calculated the cost, and the clipping.
The kind of tlie to be used depends he says that the annual cost of sprin
Billy wished to take [KMsession of
on local conditions. Concrete tile if kling a thirty foot roadway was $-IS9
his
farm, but had no money for live
properly made Is‘quite as good ns clay a mile, whereas the cost of oiling the
tile. Which kind to use is entirely a same roadway thirty feet wide was stock <>r farming Implements. This
local questiou of dollars and cents. If $375. In addition to laying the dust, suggested Lm y's bonds. He couldn’t
concrete tile cun tie made more cheap Jhe asphaltum in the oil had a binding steal them if tie wanted to. which he
ly than clay tile can be iiad. use con effect on the surface of the road and didn't, for both Lncy and the custo
dian were present when they were
crete: if not. use clay tile.
very materially lessened the cost for open to Idin. Besides, what would he
repairs. The oil is put on In an emul do on the farm alone? He wouldn’t
Convict Labor In Building of Roads.
sion in which fifteen pounds of soap think of running It without woman's
At a recent meeting of the national diMolved in flft.v gallons of water are help.
good roads board, held In New York mixed with a hundred gallons of crude
One day Billy got a note from the
city. Senator C. T. I.asslter of Virginia oil. the whole being agitated to the manager of the deposit company that
outlined the method of building roads proper point of emulsion, and then 150 the partnership box had been rented
with convicts in the Old Dominion. gallons of this are mixed with 450 gal for only throe mon I ha and the term
C. Gordon Neff, the chairman of the lons of water nnd sprinkled on the was alMHit t«> expire. Billy and Lu ,
board, has deckled to make a canvass mads. The plan has given the very rould not have it for another term
of the eutire United States to find out best satisfaction In Boston and might for the reason that their visits to theta
which states employ convicts In the l>e trhnl elsewhere with eorres|M>ndtug- box were so frequent that it took up
building of roads. This will be fol ly satisfactory results.
too much of the custodian's time
lowed up later with an effort to get
On receipt of this letter Billy went
other states to use convict labor In
A Move For Good Roads.
to the addn*>s Lucy Miller had riven
road building
There is a general
Nearly LOdO.oot) voters of Pennsyl him. ami before he left her they wore
movement to abolish convict labor in vania have signed petitions asking the married nod went to live on Billy's
lines of the Industry where It Ipter state legislature to start the movement farm
fares with orguidzed labor, but In no which In 11*13 wfll give a bond issue of
••What a slide feller ole Bill Hender
•action of ttoe country dyes organized SnO.tklO.UOO for building good roads. son was!" -«id a neighbor. “TIow he
tabor object to the use of convicts In The sum of f.Vtinn.Otai will lie asked did plfly it on them two chicks he
th« building of <<.s4 road«
for tv begin Immediate sori
wanted b> bring together!*’
X
1'..Ifliers ami tueebnnic- fu qo. 'i .
ru. tw.tt» slight accident« nud io
juries which cause them much uu
noyaaee aud lues of 'line. ,1 cut t.
b'tiiM May be cured in al»>nt oue
third tlin time usually r.quire I by
applying ('ht-mberlain’s Lmiment as
soon as the injury is received. 1'1.i*
liniment is also valuable for sprains,
tK'I'euotis of tue muscles and rii.-um
»tie paint«. There is no danger of
blood prisoning resnltiug from an
injury when Cbambet Iain’s Lini
tnent is applied before the parts
Itccotue milatued ami swollen. For
srle by C. Y. Lowe.
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