Spilyay Tymoo, Warm Springs, Oregon
July 17, 2019
Page 7
Boarding school experiences ‘good and bad’
D uring the second
half of the nineteenth
century, the federal gov-
ernment—often work-
ing with Christian mis-
sionaries—established
many Indian boarding
schools.
A main objective of
these early schools was
the assimilation of Native
American children into
the Euro-American cul-
ture. As the Museum at
Warm Springs exhibit
Resilience explains:
“The schools were
part of a plan devised by
well-intentioned eastern
reformers Herbert Welsh
and Henry Pancoast, who
also helped to establish
organizations such as the
Board of Indian Com-
missioners, the Boston
Indian Citizenship Asso-
ciation, and the Women’s
National Indian Associa-
tion.”
The narrative contin-
ues: “The reformers as-
sumed it was necessary to
‘civilize’ Indian people
and make them accept the
white man’s beliefs and
value systems.”
The Bureau of Indian
Affairs—at the time un-
der the U.S. War Depart-
ment—established addi-
tional off-reser vation
were punished for speaking
their Native languages, and
banned from acting in any
way that might be seen to
represent traditional or cul-
tural practice.”
In one of the personal
accounts at the exhibit
Orthelia Patt recalls: “I ex-
perienced loneliness for my
family, my parents and
grandparents. My braids
were cut—I was issued gov-
ernment cloths—flowered
dress with matching
bloomers. We weren’t al-
lowed to speak our language.
Our diets changed. None
of the traditional foods
were served. I attend the
federal government board-
ing school at Warm springs
in 1948. I was five years
old…”
An old flag of the Confederated Tribes that flew at
the boarding school, with students pictures.
boarding schools based on
the assimilation model.
Some of the early schools
were harsh in their treat-
ment of the students, sup-
pressing the Native culture.
As Resilience recounts, a
motto of the Carlisle Indian
School, for instance, was:
“Kill the Indian. Save the
Student’s sewing machine from the Warm
Springs boarding school.
Regarding the
Warm Springs
WTP 2018 -
Simnasho
Schoolie 2018 -
Sidwalter 2018
Reports
(From page 3)
· Teach your kids about
water conservation to en-
sure a future generation that
uses water wisely. Make it a
family effort to reduce next
month’s water bill!
Cross Connection Control
Survey
The purpose of this sur-
vey is to determine whether
a cross-connection may ex-
ist at your home or business.
A cross connection is an un-
protected or improper con-
nection to a public water dis-
tribution system that may
cause contamination or pol-
lution to enter the system.
We are responsible for
enforcing cross-connection
control regulations and in-
suring that no contami-
nants can, under any flow
conditions, enter the distri-
bution system. If you have
any of the devices listed
below please contact us so
that we can discuss the is-
sue, and if needed, survey
your connection and assist
you in isolating it if that is
necessary.
· Boiler/ Radiant heater
(water heaters not included).
· Underground lawn sprin-
kler system
· Pool or hot tub (whirl-
pool tubs not included)
· Additional source(s) of
water on the property
· Decorative pond
· Watering trough
Source Water Protection
Tips
Protection of drinking
water is everyone’s responsi-
bility. You can help protect
your community’s drinking
water source in several ways:
· Eliminate excess use of
lawn and garden fertilizers
and pesticides - they contain
hazardous chemicals that can
reach your drinking water
source.
· Pick up after your pets.
· If you have your own
septic system, properly main-
tain your system to reduce
leaching to water sources or
consider connecting to a pub-
lic water system.
· Dispose of chemicals
properly; take used motor oil
to a recycling center.
· Volunteer in your com-
munity. Find a watershed or
wellhead protection organiza-
tion in your community and
volunteer to help. If there are
no active groups, consider
starting one. Use EPA’s Adopt
Your Watershed to locate
groups in your community, or
visit the Watershed Informa-
tion Network’s How to Start
a Watershed Team.
· Organize a storm drain
stenciling project with your
local government or water
man.”
The Resilience history sec-
tion continues: “By 1900
there were 20,000 children
in Indian boarding schools,
and by 1925 that number
had more than tripled. The
Native children that were
voluntarily or forcibly re-
moved from their homes,
families and communities
this time were taken to
schools far away, where they
Child’s military-style
boarding school cap.
supplier. Stencil a message
next to the street drain re-
minding people “Dump No
Waste - Drains to River” or
“Protect Your Water.” Pro-
duce and distribute a flyer
for households to remind
residents that storm drains
dump directly into your lo-
cal water body.
Warm Springs
WTP 2018
Report
Regarding the War m
Springs WTP2 2018 re-
port:
Source water assessment
and its availability
Yes, Contact your water
system.
Where does my water
come from?
The Warm Springs Com-
munity Water System is sup-
plied by surface water from
the Deschutes River in
Jefferson County, approxi-
mately 2.5 miles down-
stream from Highway 26
crossing. The river water is
treated with conventional
filtration in a water treat-
ment plant that is designed
for a maximum production
of 4.3 million gallons per
day.
Description of Water
Treatment Process:
Your water is treated in a
Lee Tom was one of the
last to attend Warm Springs
boarding school in 1959. He
later attended Madras High
School and Chilocco Indian
School. About his time at
the Warm Springs board
school, Mr. Tom says:
“Warm Springs was a
military style school. I didn’t
like it. I liked being at home.
We had to go to boarding
school because we lived far
away and had to be at school
every day. Chores—every-
one had a detail to do. They
would put wool army blan-
kets on feet to shine the
floors. I used to sweep the
stairs, dust and clean win-
dows.
“If you spoke your lan-
guage, the matrons would
wash your mouth our with
borax or Ivory soap.”
Willard Tewee, Suaikt:
“My experience in board-
ing school was good and
bad, it’s life. I learned per-
sonal hygiene, housekeep-
ing. Discipline has its place
in everything a person
does….
“My brother and I were
sent to Chilocco Indian
School in Oklahoma be-
cause of truancy. We would
rather chase horses that go
to school. My and dad
would have been jailed for
not sending us to school. I
still love horses.”
Later decades brought
changes, such a special pro-
gram for Navajo Nation stu-
dents, and changes in policy
to attract Pacific Northwest
students, and particularly
those from Alaska.
In the late 1970s,
Chemawa moved to a new
campus on adjacent land,
with most of the original
brick buildings destroyed
after the shift. Today,
Chemawa remains as one of
two Indian boarding schools
in the United States. It is
the oldest continuously op-
erated boarding school in
the U.S.
All of this history and
more is told in the Museum
at Warm Springs’ Resilience:
Boarding school marching band.
“treatment train” (a series
of processes applied in a se-
quence) that includes coagu-
lation, flocculation, sedimen-
tation, filtration, and disin-
fection. Coagulation re-
moves dirt and other par-
ticles suspended in the
source water by adding
chemicals (coagulants) to
form tiny sticky particles
called “floc,” which attract
the dirt particles. Floccula-
tion (the formation of larger
flocs from smaller flocs) is
achieved using gentle, con-
stant mixing. The heavy par-
ticles settle naturally out of
the water in a sedimentation
basin. The clear water then
moves to the filtration pro-
cess where the water passes
through sand, gravel, char-
coal or other filters that re-
move even smaller particles.
A small amount of chlorine
or other disinfection method
is used to kill bacteria and
other microorganisms (vi-
ruses, cysts, etc.) that may
be in the water before wa-
ter is stored and distributed
to homes and businesses in
the community.· Visit
www.epa.gov/watersense
for more information.
Significant Deficiencies
Water Treatment Plant:
The primary coagulant Alu-
minum Chlorohydrate
(ACH) is not being optimized
for the treatment process
and the operators do not jar
test so there is no accurate
measure to indicate the cor-
rect dosage of ACH.
Tee Wees Storage
The Indian Boarding
School Experience of
War m S p r i n g s a n d B e -
yond.
Warm Springs 1936
cloth yearbook.
Chemawa Seniors
Yearbook, 1929.
Chemawa Seniors
Yearbook, Class of
1937.
All photos courtesy the Museum at Warm Springs
Tank: Hatch needs a gasket;
Roof top vent has rusted
through into the WST with
holes and the vent needs 24-
Mesh screen to prevent in-
sect entrance.
Kah-Ne-Ta Storage
Tank: Hatch needs a gasket;
Southeast
Storage
Tank: Overflow lacks
proper 24-mesh screen cov-
ering opening of pipe; Hatch
needs a gasket; Roof top
vent has rusted through into
the WST with holes.
West Hills West Stor-
age Tank: Overflow lacks
proper 24-mesh screen cov-
ering pipe opening; Top
hatch needs a gasket; 24-
mesh screen is torn on vent
and a hole in the roof struc-
ture was found.
West Hills East Stor-
age Tank: This storage
tank is the oldest on the
water system. The roof ac-
cess ladder is unsafe due to
not having a ladder cage;
The overflow lacks proper
24-mesh screen covering
opening of pipe; Unable to
access top of water tank to
inspect items listed.
Greely West Storage
Tank: Top hatch needs a
gasket; Overflow lacks
proper 24-mesh screen cov-
ering opening of pipe; Un-
able to access top of water
tank to inspect items listed;
Overflow has flapper valve
that does not fully seal.
Water Treatment Plant:
Ventilation in the main ser-
vice pump room is lacking
and require the operators to
run portable fans and open-
ing the doors; Sedimentation
basin needs settled solids re-
moved. Turbidimeters are out
of calibration.
Filter IFE Turbidimeter
sampling pump is non-oper-
able.
River intake air scour sys-
tem inoperative. Gasket
blown on screen in river re-
ducing effectiveness of air
scour cleaning.
CFE Turbidimeter sam-
pling delay needs to be re-
duced.
Out of Service Concrete
WST needs to be physically
disconnected from distribu-
tion system.
Additional Information for
Lead
If present, elevated levels
of lead can cause serious
health problems, especially
for pregnant women and
young children. Lead in drink-
ing water is primarily from
materials and components as-
sociated with service lines and
home plumbing. War m
Springs Water System is re-
sponsible for providing high
quality drinking water, but
cannot control the variety of
materials used in plumbing
components. When your wa-
ter has been sitting for sev-
eral hours, you can minimize
the potential for lead expo-
sure by flushing your tap for
30 seconds to 2 minutes be-
fore using water for drinking
or cooking.
Report continues on 10