February 8, 2012
Spilyay Tym oo, W arm Springs, Oregon
Page 10
Warm Springs
Extension Office
(541) 553-3238
February is Dental
Health Month
Take care of your teeth by:
Eating foods high in calcium'.
•Low-fat milk
•Low-fat yogurt
• Low-fat cheese
• Low-fat cottage cheese
Practicing Good Hygiene:
• Brush two times a day
• Brush fo r at least two
minutes each time
• Floss once a day
Benefits of Whole
Grains
Do you choose white bread
or whole wheat bread? Do you
buy whole grain crackers?
Do you choose white bread
or whole wheat bread? Do you
buy whole grain crackers?
Do you know why it m at
ters?
There IS a difference! Food
made with whole grains has more
nutrients and more fiber than food
that is made with processed grains.
It m atters because; w hole
grains can help control diabetes,
help m aintain a healthy body
weight and have many more good
health benefits.
Try to make half o f the grains
you eat (bread, crackers, tortillas,
chips etc.) whole grains.
Easy Ways to get
Whole Grains
• Choose whole wheat bread
instead o f white
• Eat oatmeal or another whole
grain cereal for breakfast
• Choose brown rice instead o f
white
• Make spaghetti with whole
grain pasta
Oven French
Toast
(source: foodhero.org)
Ingredients:
• 12 slices whole grain bread
• 1 cup low-fat milk
• 4 eggs, or 8 egg whites
• !4 cup packed brown sugar
• 1 teaspoon vanilla
• powdered sugar (optional)
Directions:
1. Spray a cookie sheet with cook
ing spray
2. Lay the bread flat with the sides
touching
3. Beat egg, milk, brown sugar and
vanilla well
4. Pour egg mixture over bread
5. Turn each slice over to coat with
mixture
6. Cover and refrigerate overnight,
or bake immediately at 325 de
grees for 30 minutes
7. Sprinkle lightly with powdered
sugar, (optional)
8. Serve hot.
9. Refrigerate leftovers within 2
hours.
Family Community Health
Danita Macy
Arlene Boileau
Sara Smith
John Brunoe
Rosanna Sanders
Jeanette Henderson
Warm Springs 4-H Program Receives Grant for
National Youth Mentoring Program
M orning Rae Ferris
December 21, 2011
The National 4-H Council
has granted funding under the 4-H
Tribal Youth National Mentoring
Program to Oregon State Univer
sity Extension, Warm Springs 4-H
Program. This funding filters from
the Department o f Justice’s Office
o f Juvenile Justice and D elin
quency Prevention (OJJDP). The
gran t com es as a p a rt o f the
O J JD P ’s n a tio n a l e ffo rt to
strengthen, expand and implement
youth mentoring activities nation
wide to improve the lives o f mil
lions o f young Americans.
“ T his is an ex citin g and
unique opportunity to deliver high-
quality positive youth develop
ment resources and programs to
at-risk populations in communities
throughout the nation,” said Donald
T. Floyd Jr., National 4-H Council
president and CEO. “Moreover,
through the 4-H Tribal Youth Na
tional Mentoring Program, land-
grant institutions will have the op
portunity to adapt an evidence-
based 4-H program that will lead
to positive outcomes such as re
duced juvenile delinquency and
strengthened family relationships.”
Along with Warm Springs,
approximately 30 other Tribal com
munities were granted the same
Tribal Youth Mentoring Program.
This program is predicted to reach
over. 1,100 Native American youth,
ages 10 to 17.
The Tribal Youth Mentoring
program is adapted from the 4-H
Mentoring: Youth and Families with
Promise (4-H YFP) program de
veloped by Utah State University
Cooperative Extension. This evi
dence based program is designed
improve social competencies, de
crease juvenile delinquency, and
strengthen family relationships.
Key activities o f the Tribal Youth
Mentoring Program components
include 4-H club activities, family
night outs, and mentoring sessions
to include community members
and Tribal traditions.
If you are interested in learn
ing m ore about this innovative
Tribal mentoring program please
contact M orning Rae Ferris @
541.553.3238. Also, you can email
(moming.ferris@oregonstate.edu)
or stop by the main office located
in the Education Building.
About 4-H
4-H is a community o f six
m illio n you n g p e o p le across
America learning leadership, citi
zenship, and life skills. National 4-
H Council is the private sector,
non-profit partner o f 4-H National
Headquarters at the National In
stitute for Food and Agriculture
(NIFA) within USDA. 4-H pro
grams are im plem ented by 111
land-grant universities and the Co-
o p e ra tiv e E x te n sio n System
through théir 3,100 local Extension
offices in every county across the
country.
4-H Program
Morning Rae Ferris
Beef Industry Tour Information Part 3
Fara Brummer
The following article contin
ues with information that was gath
ered from the B eef Industry Tour
presented titled “ New Concepts
and Sustainable Approaches on
R eproductive M anagem ent
and Genetics of Beef Cattle. ”
w h ich w as h e ld lo c a lly in
Prineville. For this article, I will
be discussing the topic o f the “Ef
fects o f Temperament and Animal
Handling on Fertility” which was
presented by our OSU Extension
B e e f S pecialist, Dr. R einaldo
Cooke
Dr. Cooke has done his re
search work evaluating tempera
ment o f beef cattle. This is done
by grading their actions and reac
tions inthe chute, and their exit in- i
terval speed which is measured by
an electronic eye, similar to what
barrel racers use in their competi
tions.
There is research evidence
that aggression is a genetic tem
perament in cattle. It used to be
thought that aggression was a posi
tive attribute in maternal cows be
cause if they were more aggres
sive, they could protect their young.
Actually, this is not the case. A
Dr. Cooke... “you can
expect more
tempermental
behavior in your
female cattle... ”
cow can have excellent maternal
instincts and still be relatively calm
around humans. But, as Dr. Cooke
mentioned, you can expect more
tempermental behavior in your fe
m ale cattle th at are relativ ely
! young and of breeding that is prone
to being more “spooky”. Also,
range animals are natural more
nervous around humans as they
are not used to their presence.
But, keeping consistently aggres
sive animals in your herd is poten
tially costing you money. Here is
what Dr. Cooke has shown through
his research on heifers:
Cattle that are consistently
spooky, nervous, and tempermental
are also stressed. A hormone called
cortisol which is also known as
the stress hormone have increased
levels in easily stressed cattle.
Cortisol has a negative effect on
growth, immune production, and
reproduction o f the animal. What
does this mean for the cattle pro
ducer? A naturally nervous heifer
can actually have a harder time
conceiving and getting pregnant
than her calmer herd mate. Dr.
Cooke also found that excitable
h e ife rs w ere p ro d u c in g less
weaned calves than calmer herd
mates, which translates to a lower
monetary return for the producer.
Dr. Cooke suggested accli
mating cattle or getting them used
to humans before working them in
the chute or other handling. Cattle
are more likely to settle down when
they realize they get used to hu
m an presence than i f they are
fresh off the range. He found that
acclimated females had decreased
their cortisol levels and increased
their reproductive development, no
matter what their breed type was.
In those cases, where young ani
mals refuse to settle down, culling
is a great option especially with
market prices remaining strong.
This information is also on
line at the OSU B eef Cattle Li
brary. The web address is: http://
beefcattle.ans.oregonstate.edu/
BeefTour.htm. For any additional
information, please contact me at
the Extension Office at (541) 553-
3238, or just stop by and visit us at
the Education Building
Agriculture and
Natural Resources
I
Fara Brummer
John Brunoe
The subtle beauty of bark helps trees survive the winter
By Judy Scott, 541-737-1386,
judy. scott@oregonstate. edu
Source; N eil Bell, 503-361-2671,
neil. bell@oregonstate. edu
1-20-12
CORVALLIS, Ore. - This
fall’s display o f colorful leaves has
blown to the winter winds and now
garden trees are beginning to re
veal their subtle beauty with the
colors and textures o f their bark.
Neil Bell, an Oregon State
University Extension community
horticulturist, explains how the
function o f bark leads to such va
riety in its appearance. “The basic
function o f bark is to help the plant
survive drying winds and extremes
o f temperature,” he said.
The co rk -lik e p ro te c tiv e
layer is dotted by pores that per
mit plant tissues to breathe. The
size and pattern o f pores is char
acteristic o f certain kinds o f trees.
Some trees, such as paper birch,
have smooth bark. These form new
paper-thin layers o f tissue every
year. As the tree grows, the pores
stretch, forming horizontal stripes
in the bark. Smooth-barked aspens
produce new layers o f inner bark
while outer layers are shed as pow
dery cells.
Sm ooth bark sheds w ater
easily, keeping the trunks dry and
less suscep tib le to lig h ten in g
strikes. But smooth-bark trees are
more vulnerable to chewing ro
dents and less resistant to fire than
trees with thicker bark.
Trees w ith scaled or fur
rowed bark produce new bark tis
sue in overlapping patches. Older
tissue is pushed outward, forming
a thick coat o f non-living cells. In
some trees, this old coat stretches
as the tree grows, splitting the bark
into furrows. In others, including
eucalyptus and plane trees, older
bark sloughs off in patches, reveal
ing an eye-catching pattern o f dif
ferent colors.
Shaggy-barked plants, such
as grapes and cedars, form new
bark tissues alternated with layers
o f food-conducting tissues. As the
plant grows the layers separate,
splitting the bark vertically into a
shaggy coat.
“Take tim e to notice the
tones and textures o f the winter
g a rd en ,” B ell said. “ C olorful
branches, such as those o f the red-
or yellow-twig dogwood, also add
to the subtle beauty o f the leafless
season.”
To help select plants that will
catch your eye in winter, the OSU
Extension Service offers the pub
lication, “Plant Materials for Land
scaping: A List o f Plants for the
Pacific N orthw est,” PNW 500.
Call 800-561-6719 to order a copy.
Cost is $2.50 plus shipping and
handling. View a preview o f the
p u b lic a tio n
at
h ttp ://
extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/
abstract.php?seriesno=PNW+500
This article is online at: http://bit.ly/O SU _G ardeningl518.
A bout Garden N ew s from O SU Extension Service: The Exten
sio n
S e ry ic e
G a rd e n in g
w eb
page,
h ttp : //
extension.oregonstate.edu/com m unity/gardening, links to a
broad spectrum o f information on Oregon gardening, such as
tips, monthly calendars, how-to publications, audio programs,
the M aster G ardener program a nd “Northwest Gardeners e-
N e w s.”
Living on a Few Acres
More than 30 classes offered including:
Saturday March 3, 2012
8:00a.m. - 5:00p.m.
Deschutes County Fairgrounds & Expo
Center, Middle and N. Sister Buildings,
Redmond OR
Field Management
Drip Irrigation
Organic Soil Fertility
Farm Equipment
Enhancing Wildlife
Pond Management
Horse Nutrition
Poultry, Goats, Sheep
Llamas & Alpacas
Direct Marketing
Grass Fed Beef
• Composting
• Hay Production
• Managing Wildlife
• Grapes; Fruit Trees
• Livestock Health
• Permaculture Design
• Food Preservation
• Weed Control
• Water Rights; Land Use
• Honey Bees
Registration: www.deschutes4h.com Information: reaza.mansur@oregonstate.edu 541-548-6088