May 18, 2011
Spily^y Tymoo, W^rm Springs, Oregon
Pgge 10
O SU E xten sion -100 year celebration Mineral Feeders
for the Range
B y Far a B rum m er
O SU Extension
This year, Governor Kitzhaber
proclaimed April 21st as Oregon
State University Extension Day.
This day marked one hundred
years of Extension presence in
Oregon. Here at Warm Springs,
OSU Extension has been part of
tribal history for 52 years. We
would like to take some time to
honor the Warm Springs
contributions to Extension
history with the mention of two
very special individuals:
Caroline Tohet is part of the
OSU Extension 4-H Hall of Fame
which says of her “ Caroline
Tohet was a leader at Warm
Springs from the early 1960s
until her death in 1998. Each
year she would teach 8 to 10
4-H members to do beadwork.
Beadwork to Caroline was
learning the skill but far more
important was teaching
responsibility, commitment and
native culture. Once the club
started their beading, Caroline
would tell stories that shared
By Fara B rum m er/B Iaine B egay
O SU Extension, A g <& N a tu ra l Resources
Courtesy photo.
Top: George Schneiter-One of the first Extension agents
in Warm Springs. Right: Caroline Tohet-A member of the
4-H Hall of Fame.
O SU Extension Has Heen p a rt
o f triHaC History f o r 52 years...
history and culture, which is a
form of teaching that goes back
generations. A number of
individuals currently use their
beadwork to supplement their
family income”. - Thank you
Caroline for enriching the lives
of youth and connecting them
with their culture.
George Schneiter - one of
the very first Extension agents
here in Warm Springs, George
left an unmatched legacy with
his genuine involvement in the
lives of livestock families and
within the community at Warm
Springs. George is honored
through the OSU College of
Agriculture Diamond Pioneer
Registry which is described as
follows: “With the Registry, the
College recognizes the
OSU Extension
Warm Springs
Facutly & Staff.
Front Left:
Blaine Begay,
Sara Smith, and
Morning Rae
Ferris. Back Left:
Fara Brummer,
Merle Kirk,
Danita Macy,
Jeanette
Henderson,
Arlene Boileau,
and John
Brunoe.
Programs vary
from Natural
Resources,
Agriculture,
Nutrition, 4-H
activities and
more.
Courtesy photo.
May is National Egg Month!
By Sara Sm ith
O SU Extension, Snap-Ed
group. Two eggs equal one
serving of meat.
•Versatile:
•N utritional Value:
Eggs are very nutritional!
They are good sources of
vitamins A (helps with night
vision and healthy skin), B
(necessary for the forming of
red blood cells and brain
health), and D (cuts cancer risk
and helps bones stay healthy);
riboflavin, biotin, phosphorous
and some iron.
Eggs are LOW in calories
(there are only about 80 calories
in a large egg) and they are
HIGH in protein. Egg protein
contains all of the essential
amino acids needed to build and
improve body tissues.
’Economical:
Eggs are a good choice when
you are on a budget because
you get a lot of bang for your
buck. Eggs are often on sale for
about $1.00 per dozen. Because
of their high protein content,
eggs fall into the “meat” food
Healthy Recipes
OSU Snap Ed
B R E A K F A S T B U R R IT O S
This recipe is a good source
of calcium, which keeps
bones and teeth strong.
Ingredients
4 eggs
1/4 cup 1% milk
1 teaspoon vegetable oil
1 cup fat-free refried beans
4 flour 10” tortillas
1/2 cup (4 oz.) grated
Cheddar cheese
1 tomato, chopped
Salt and pepper, chili
powder to taste
Directions
1. Mix eggs, milk, and
Eggs can be easily prepared
in many different ways. They
can be hardboiled, scrambled,
fried, baked, etc. They are a
convenient meal or snack any
time of the day. Be certain that
eggs are fully cooked before
eating them. Never eat cookie
dough or batter that contains
raw eggs. There can be
salmonella bacteria (a bacteria
that causes food poisoning)
present in eggs and on their
shells, (see below for salmonella
sickness symptoms) so always
wash your hands after cracking
eggs and throw the egg shells
into the garbage, don’t put them
back into the container.
Symptoms o f Salmonella
Sickness:
•Nausea
•Vomiting
•Diarrhea
• Abdominal Cramps
•Headache
•Fever
seasonings in a bowl.
2. Heat oil in pan over
medium-high heat (350
degrees in an
electric skillet).
3. Stir in the eggs and cook
until firm.
4. Warm the refried beans in
a separate pan.
5. Warm the tortillas on a
griddle or wrap in foil and
heat in the
oven.
6. On each tortilla layer 1/4
refried beans, eggs, cheese,
and
tomato.
7. Roll the burrito, cut in half
and enjoy!
8. Refrigerate leftovers within
2-3 hours.
Salmon Canning Class
Thursday, June 2
Two sessions will be
offered.
Session 1 :8 :3 0 -1 1 :30am
Session 2 : 1-4pm
Please call OSU
Extension Warm Springs
to reserve your spot!
541 553-3238
-
Courtesy photo.
significant contributions of
many of our friends and
colleagues who have served
agriculture and related areas
throughout a portion of their
careers”. - Thank you George
for your dedication and caring
in the lives of people at Warm
Springs. And Thank You to all
of you that continue to grow
and keep OSU Extension alive
and well here at Warm Springs!
place df the tomato.
• Use other vegetables that
you have in the refrigerator,
such
as green or red bell peppers,
or cooked corn.
• Serve with guacamole or
light sour cream.
of Oregon, can cause white muscle
disease that can lead to death in
young calves and wildlife species
such as deer. It can also affect the
proper reproductive cycle of cattle
and wildlife
The mineral salt that is being
placed in the feeders was purchased
through a grant by Tribal Range and
Agriculture Department. The salt
contains the following minerals:
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
sodium (salt and chloride), cobalt,
copper, iodine, manganese,
selenium, and zinc. Loose salt is a
better supplement than block salt.
Once a week during the summer,
OSU Extension will be checking the
feeders and supplying additional
mineral salt if needed, as well as
documenting a log of activities in
and around the feeder, and keeping
record of how much salt is being
used at each location. We hope to
learn what use these feeders are
getting, how much mineral is being
consumed, and see what animals are
showing up to access the feeders.
H arness the sun to kill w eeds, plant diseases and pests
By Judy Scott, 541-737-1386,
judy.scott@oregonstate.edu
Source: Dan McGrath, 541-967-
3871,
daniel.mcgrath@oregonstate.edu
Here’s a simple, non-chemical
way you can combat plant
diseases, pests and weeds when
the weather warms. It’s called soil
solarization.
That’s a fancy term for a
simple process: Put transparent
plastic sheeting over moist tilled
soil during the warmest and
sunniest months of the year. As
the clear plastic traps the heat of
the sun, it changes the soil in
physical, chemical and biological
ways, explained Oregon State
University crop scientist Dan
McGrath.
Under plastic sheeting, the top
few inches of soil can be as much
as 20 degrees warmer than
uncovered soil. In this extra-warm
environment, disease-causing
organisms tend to flounder while
more heat-tolerant “beneficial”
microbe species increase in
numbers. Also, the heat eliminates
some kinds of pests, weed seeds
and seedlings. OSU researchers
have measured temperatures as
hot as 127 degrees in the top four
inches of soil under plastic
sheeting.
In the home garden, McGrath
suggests trying solarization on one
Range Restoration :
Managing Invasive
Species Workshop
In this workshop, we will
explore a more holistic way to
plan for restoration o f weedy
areas that involves utilizing
resources while restoring land in a
cost effective manner. We will
discuss a range o f assessment
tools, a ranch case study, and
information on how weedy
species can be grazed seasonally,
with the goal o f restoring the
range to a healthier condition.
Instructors: Dr. Jeremy James,
Ag. Rearch Services, Bums, Oregon
Brenda Smith, Ag. Research
Services, Bums, Oregon
Fara Brummer, OSU Ext., Ag./Nat.
Resources, WSO
May 18th @ 9am-12pm
High Lookee Lodge
Lunch will be served @ 12pm
More Info Call OSU Ext. 553-3238
Tips
• Try your favorite salsa in
About three years ago OSU
Extension began a pilot project for
livestock mineral supplementation
on the reservation. Randy Scott
was contracted to put together two
open mineral feeders that can be
towed and placed in different areas
on the reservation. On April 22nd
2011, Extension partnered with
Tribal Range and Agriculture to
haul both feeders out to the
locations designated for this
project. Four fifty pound bags of
mineral salt were also taken out and
the loose salt was placed in the
feeder at the Schoolie Flat/
Simnasho range area.
Minerals make up a small
portion of an animal’s diet
however; they play an important
role in health, growth and
reproduction. Mineral
supplementation is a very
important factor within a
livestock’s herd health program.
Deficiencies, or the lack of any one
mineral, can negatively affect
production. For example, selenium
deficiency common in many parts
garden bed a year in a “summer
fallow” rotation process, just as
farmers do. Success will depend on
the intensity of sunlight, soil
moisture, weather and length of
time the plastic is left on the soil.
May, June and July are the best
months to start a solarizing project
because the heating power of the
sun is at its peak. If June is cloudy,
wait until clear weather prevails. In
the Pacific Northwest keep the
plastic on about two months to
ensure that enough heat works for
an adequate time. In areas farther
south, four to six weeks of summer
solarization may be enough.
You will need a roll of plastic
sheeting large enough to cover the
bed plus about a foot and a half
extra around all sides. Thin plastic
works better than thick and you
don't need UV-resistant plastic.
Remove or mow down the
weeds in the area you want to
cover with plastic. Rake the loose
plant debris after mowing. This is
the best time to add amendments
such as lime, compost or fertilizer.
The more you stir up the soil, the
more weed seeds come up that
aren’t solarized.
Rototill the soil and
amendments. Break up large clods
and work in any loose plant debris.
Then, rake the surface of the bed as
smoothly as possible to ensure
close contact of the plastic against
the soil. Dig a trench outside and all
around the edge of the bed about
six to eight inches deep. Put the
clods of soil outside the raised
bed.
When the garden surface is
smooth, place a soaker hose or
sprinkler up and down the bed
and soak the soil for three or four
hours until wet to a depth of at
least a foot. Moist soil responds
well because water conducts heat.
The moisture tends to “wake up”
soil pathogens as well, making
them more active and susceptible
to the heat.
Finally, cut a piece of plastic
the size of the bed, plus an extra
foot and a half all around. Put the
plastic over the bed and pull it
tight and then anchor it snugly by
weighing the edges down in the
surrounding trench with dirt clods,
rocks or bricks.
After eight to 10 weeks,
remove the plastic and plant a
green manure, overwintering crop
or leave the plastic on until spring.
Or plant crops and use the plastic
sheeting as mulch. Just cut small
Xs in the plastic and plant your
starts. Take care not to mix up the
soil from lower layers, as the
effects of the process reach down
only about a foot below the
surface of the plastic.
Find more about gardening at OSU
Extension’s “Gardening
Encyclopedia” web page, http://
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Words to Find:
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Source: Oregon State University
Extension Service. For more recipes
and other resources on eating well for
less, visit the
OSU web site at http://
www.healthyrecipes.oregonstate.edu.
This material was funded in part by the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program of USDA. SNAP puts healthy
food within reach - call
Oregon SafeNet at 1-800-723-3638. In
accordance with Federal law and U S.
Department of Agriculture policy, this
institution is prohibited
from discriminating on the basis of
race, color, national origin, sex, age,
religion, political beliefs or disability.
© 2009 Oregon State University. OSU
Extension Service cooperating. OSU
Extension Service offers educational
programs, activities, and
materials without discrimination based
on race, color, religion, sex, sexual
orientation, national origin, age, marital
status, disability, or disabled
veteran or Vietnam-era veteran status.
OSU Extension Service is an Equal
Opportunity Employer.
kiukiuias
2011 Warm Springs Cultural
Enrichment Camp
Sat, August 14 - Sun, August 20
Camp Fee: $25.00
Scholarships are available! To qualify for
a scholarship, campers are required to
write a One-page essay on why they
would like to attend camp. Need Help??
Writing sessions will be held July 7- 8 @
1:304pm, Ed. Building-OSU Basement.
**ALL Camp Essays must be received
by OSU Ext. Office by: July 29,2011
V__________________________ _
Oregon State
UNI VERSI TY
Warm Springs
Extension Office
1110 W asco Street | P.0. Box 430
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(p) 541-553-32381 (f) 541-553-3368