Spilygy Tymoo, Warm Springs, Oregon
February 16, 2006
P age 9
Tiny zooplankton may be key to salmon survival
N EW PO RT, O re. (AP) -
T iny sea creatures known as
zooplankton may be the key to
juvenile salmon survival in the
ocean, a new study says.
A species o f zooplankton
called copepods that thrive in
cold water in the northeast Pa
cific Ocean have a high level of
lipids _ or fats _ possibly boost
ing the food chain and allowing
salmon to grow fast enough to
survive their first year at sea.
The copepods store high
amounts of the fats in order to
hibernate during the w inter,
much like bears, according to
O regon State U n iversity re
searchers.
The copepods, in turn, are
eaten by juvenile anchovies, her
ring, smelt and krill, boosting the
fat content o f those species and
making them highly nutritious
for young coho and chinook
salmon, as well as other preda-
tors.
“A fat salm on is a happy
salmon,” said William Peterson,
an o cean o grap h er at the
university’s Hatfield Marine Sci
ence Center in Newport.
For years, scientists and the
fishing industry have known
that “good ocean conditions” are
critical to salmon survival and
are linked with strong upwelling
that brings nutrient-rich deeper
waters to the surface. But stud
ies by Peterson and his col
leagues shed new light on what
makes those conditions favor
able for juvenile salmon.
One of the keys to survival
is rapid growth for salmon once
they en ter the ocean , said
Peterson, a NOAA Fisheries
scientist who also teaches at the
university.
“The salmon are roughly 6
or 7 inches long when they en
ter the ocean and are about the
same size as adult herring and
anchovies that make them ideal
prey for birds and larger fish,”
Peterson said.
“But salmon have the ability
to grow trem endously fast _
and they have to,” he said.
The salmon also must store
enough fat to prevent starvation
during their first winter.
Researchers say the cold-wa
ter copepods are most abundant
during La Nina years when the
ocean cools slightly.
When the waters off Oregon
are warmer, as in the strong El
Nino year of 1997-98 and dur
ing much of the 1990s, salmon
struggle to survive.
Conditions can change rap
idly. In 1998, the northern Pa
cific experienced a rapid transi
tion to a cooler La Nina phase
that brought strong upwelling
and cold-water copepods to the
region.
As a result, Peterson said, the
num ber o f ad u lt chin oo k
salmon returning to the Colum
bia River system a few years later
were the highest since the 1950s.
In the fall of 2002, condi
tions reversed again and warmer
w aters have been dom inant
since. The copepod biomass has
shrunk, and salmon and steel-
head runs have decreased sig
nificantly.
R ob ert E m m ett, an o th er
NOAA researcher, says another
factor related to tem perature
may affect juvenile salmon sur
vival. When ocean conditions
are warm, Pacific hake tend to
come onto the continental shelf
at night and prey on young
salmon that may be small be
cause of the lack o f food, he
said. Conditions may be chang
ing again. “There are signs that
it is getting cold again, which is
encouraging,” Peterson said.
Howlak Tichum
Lawrence J. Shike
Lawrence J. .Shike passed away February 5, 2006 at St.
Charles Medical Center in Bend. He was 42.
Mr. Shike was born on April 10, 1963 at Redmond to
parents Raymond Sr. and Charlotte (Brown) Shike. Mr. Shike
was a lifetime resident of Warm Springs.
He is survived by his children Lawrence Jr., W illiam
and Lana Shike, all of Warm Springs; brother Ray Shike
Jr. o f Warm Springs; sisters Helena Jackson, M ina Shike,
Sandra Danzuka, and Lana (Shike) Leonard, all of Warm
Springs.
Births
Wyatt B a ri Bemrose
Chester and Anita Bemrose are pleased to announce
the birth of their son Wyatt Earl Bemrose, born February
7, 2006.
The mother’s parents are Vern and Blanche Kinney of
Washington.
Camryn Renee Shaw away
Plaza:
many benefits
(Continued from page 1)
There were problems with
the idea, though. There was
some concern, for instan ce,
about police vehicles leaving the
parking lot at high speed during
emergencies, while youth might
be walking nearby to or from
the technology center.
Biomass:
major project
(Continued from page 1)
The aim o f the project, he
said, is the restoration o f the
forest’s health and promoting
fire protection.
The issue o f em ploym ent,
particularly of employing Warm
Springs tribal members, was a
topic during Friday’s discussion.
The em ploym ent estim ate
C asino--------
(Continued from page 1)
In o th e r re c e n t g a m in g
news:
The Confederated Tribes o f
Warm Springs are paying close
attention to proposed federal
legislation that would make sig
n ifican t am endm ents to the
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
T here w as also con cern
about a lack of parking; also, the
size of the proposed structure
was not very large.
Under the new plan the tech
nology center and coffee shop
would be located in the 3,500
square feet of space that used
to house the Indian Trail Res
taurant.
The interior will need to be
remodeled, which will be less ex
pensive than building a new
structure, said Phillips.
He said the Workforce De
velopment Department could
be used for the remodel work.
The new technology center
plan also envisions providing a
number of computers at loca
tions around W arm Springs,
such as the library and the Com
munity Center. These comput
ers would provide easier access
for young people who want to
the use the Internet but might
was 75 new jobs at the m ill
alone, not counting contract
employees for functions con
nected to the project.
With three years invested in
Warm Springs’ effort to initiate
biom ass en erg y gen eratio n ,
WSFPI manager Potts expressed
confidence that he and the bio
mass energy group could make
it work and make it profitable
to the tribes.
He added that he had helped
guide a sawmill on the Colville
Indian Reservation in Washing
ton to profitability after it was
bankrupt and saw a struggling
biomass project to profitability
today. Potts said that W arm
Springs’ biomass plant has the
No. 1 position with Wellons, Inc.,
the firm constructing the plant.
“We need to let Wellons know
that we’re willing to make that
next step as far as engineering,”
he said.
(IG RA) o f 1988. Sen. Jo h n
McCain, R-Ariz., is sponsoring
proposed legislation that would
eliminate the two-part test in
siting casinos off-reservation.
T he tw o -p art te st u n d er
IGRA looks at the effect o f
bringing land into trust toward
development o f an Indian ca
sino.
The test looks, for instance,
at the effect of developing a ca
sino on the com m unity sur
rounding the development site.
The Confederated Tribes are
currendy following the two-part
test standard in planning the
Bridge of the Gods casino.
The McCain bill includes lan
guage that would make an ex
ception for existing land-to-trust
applications by tribes.
Phyllis Shawaway is pleased to announce the birth of
her daughter Camryn Renee Shawaway, born February 7,
2006. Camryn joins sisters Kali, Dominique and Toya.
The grandparent is Myra Johnson, and great grand
parent is Raymond Johnson Sr.
not have a ride to the technol
ogy center.
Phillips said the technology
center could open at the Plaza
as soon as this summer, much
earlier than would have been
possible had the project relied
on c o n stru c tio n o f a new
building.
Once the center is open, the
Plaza will again be at full occu
pancy.
Charlene White
Dennis John W hite and Nidya Burgos are pleased
to announce the birth o f their daughter Charlene W hite,
born February 3, 2006. The father’s parents are D en
nis and Charlene W hite o f Warm Springs.
The m o th er’s parents are C arm ello and E uhlia
Burgos of Madras.
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Hoops tourney April 14-16
The Second Annual Squiemphen-Yazzie Co-Ed Youth
Basketball Tournament will be held April 14-16 at Warm
Springs. Divisions of the all-Indian tournament are sixth and
seventh grades; eighth and ninth grades; and tenth through
twelfth grades.
Awards for all age divisions are: first place, windbreaker
jackets; second place, hooded sweatshirts; and third place,
crew sweatshirts. Other awards are MVP, Mr. and Ms.
Hustle, and sportsmanship for all age divisions. There will
also be a 3-point contest, time and date to be announced.
As part of the weekend event, on Saturday, April 15 there
will be a youth dance in the Social Hall at the Community
Center.
Entry fee for all divisions is $125. Limit of eight players
per team, all divisions. Players must show proof of enroll
ment in school.
For more information contact Priscilla Yazzie at (541)
553-5817, or (451) 980-9060. E-mail: tyyazzie@bendnet
.com. Mail address is Priscilla Yazzie, P.O. Box 734, Warm
Springs OR 97761.
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