Spilyqy Tymoo, Wsi-m Springs, Oregon
November 10, 2005
Page 7
Tribes respond to anniversary events of Lewis and Clark expedition
(AP) - legend has it that
Coyote, the seer, prophet,
trickster and adviser to the
Columbia Basin Indian tribes
for millennia, saw it all com
ing; "White people with hair on
their faces will come from the
rising sun," he cautioned. "You
people must be careful."
Right he was.
Just 200 years ago 32 of
them, led by Meriwether Lewis
and William Clark, trudged
through on their way to the Pa
cific. Within 50 years the tribes
had signed away most of their land
and sovereignty and their tradi
tional life was gone forever.
In schoolbooks, Lewis and
Clark were heroes who explored
the unknown that became the
American West. Many of the
tribes they came across see it differently.
Corps of Discovery II, a
Chautauiua-type tent show fea
turing lectures, films and panel
discussions under the wing of
the National Park Service, is
touring 18 states for the bicen
tennial. Corps II will visit Warm
Springs April 22-25 of next
year.
The purpose of the exhibi
tion is to educate people about
the Lewis and Clark cxpediiion.
Prominent among the themes
arc the cultures of American
Indian tribes who lived along the
route followed by the Corps of
Discovery from 1803-1806.
A recent four-day stop on the
Umatilla Indian Reservation
near Pendleton brought together
members of several tribes the
explorers met on their journey.
Kevin Crisler, manager of
the project, said the goal was to
see that all of the stories were
told, including those from a
tribal perspective.
"When we discussed the bi
centennial we saw it not as a
celebration but as a commemo
ration," Crisler said. "We hoped
the tribes would express how
changes over 200 years have
affected them."
The explorers themselves
weren't a problem, said Amy
Mossett, executive director of
the Northern Plains Heritage
Foundation in Mandan, N.D.
They showed up, bought some
dogs for food and went on their
way. "For the most part they
enjoyed our hospitality and good
will. If we had known what the
relationship would turn out to
be it would have been a whole
lot different," she said.
Set CORPS II on page 14
Members comment on timber sale
Your Favorite
(An interdisciplinary team
from the Forestry and Natural
Resources branches has been col
lecting tribal member comments
on a timber sale being proposed
for 2007, Responses to a number
. of comments and concerns are in
cluded with this article. The Win
tergrcen 2007 Timber Sale will
target approximately 38.2 mil
lion board feet of timber in the
upper Warm Springs River wa
tershed. The following is the con
clusion of an article that began
in the previous Spilyay explain
ing tribal member comments re
garding the sale, and responses to
the comments.)
Timber
In reference to a tribal
member question regarding
historical logging on the reser
vation it was explained that
impacts from past treatments
are diverse, affecting water
quality, wildlife habitat, cultural
plants, tree species composi
tion and size, soil compaction,
and visual quality. Past liqui
dation of the old-growth com
ponent has had impacts we will
probably never fully under
stand. Many perceived im
pacts are negative, to both the
r -environment and society.
'"IRMP strives to minimize '
many of the negative effects
of forest management, but not
f all of the impacts are negative, i
j Riparian buffers have helped
I to improve water quality, thin
' ning has reduced the threat of
I catastrophic fire, and special
harvest prescriptions have en
hanced cultural plant produc
tion for species such as huck
, leberries.
! Those attending the scoping
i meetings had a number of
j questions about efforts to con-
trol wildland fires. Foresters
J provided a summary of haz-
ard fuel reduction (HFR) and
! wildland urban interface (WUI)
' work being accomplished in
i the forest, adjacent to rural
communities and even near
Warm Springs. The federal
j government largely funds this
! work. Competition for this
; funding is currently at an all
time high so it is anticipated
1 the large number of acres cur
; rently being treated will begin
! to decline sharply. From the
objective of reducing hazard
; ous fuels, all material viewed
as excessive is removed, in
cluding trees and
brush. Generally, HFR and
WUI treatments target the
smaller trees that have the po
tential of feeding a fire's ad
vance into the canopy of the
larger trees.
One tribal member asked
the team about snowbrush and
what is being done to control
this competitive plant. It was
noted that areas heavy to
snowbrush are mechanically
treated by physically removing
the brush from out of the
ground, roots included. This
gives planted tree seedlings a
competitive edge for re-establishment
There was a question about
the Hehe Fire salvage and team
members explained that mate
rial burned by the fire had al
ready been salvaged. There is
no plan for further salvaging
of these trees. The Hehe Fire
area was planted with seedlings
shortly after the salvage opera
tions. Some areas of low survival
are being evaluated for future re
planting A comment about "super
trees" brought the response that
this term refers to trees with traits
desirable for seedling
production. Seed is gathered from
these trees, along with others in
the forest, and provided to nurs
eries contracted by the Forestry
Department. The nursery then
grows the trees and later trans
ports them back to Warm Springs
for planting in the tribal forest.
The Wintergreen sale area will
be reforested when the post-harvest
number of trees is consid
ered below management objec
tives. Areas with significant insect
or disease problems may warrant
planting of less susceptible spe
cies. Traditionally, treatments such
as clear-cuts, seed trees, and some
shelterwoods and salvage areas
are planted after harvest.
Depending on where the tim
ber harvest is located, multiple
tree species are planted. Up to five
different tree species may be
planted within the same harvest
block. All of the tree species cur
rently planted on the tribal forest
are from seed sources collected
on the local forest. t
This timber sale will result in
harvest of mainly ponderosa
pine and Douglas fir. Depending
on the site, other tree species in
clude incense cedar, western larch,
grand fir, white fir, noble fir, Pa
cific silver fir, lodgepole pine,
western white pine, western hem
lock, and mountain hemlock.
There was a question about
bough cutting at one meeting and
team members pointed out it's the
Forestry Branch that oversees
special uses such as this. Bough
cutting begins in October and
runs through mid-December.
In answer to a question about
the reservation's size, the response
was approximately 645,800
acres, based on computer cal
culations using geographic infor
mation systems (GIS) technology-Wildlife
Timber sale impacts to wild
life vary by species and are gen
erally based on the number of
acres being treated and how of
ten the treatments occur. F.lk
populations have increased over
the past 20 years, but deer num
bers have fluctuated and over
the past five years they have
shown a decline. The wildlife
management zones, which make
up 54 percent of this sale area,
and associated standards desig
nated under IRMP maintain a
certain level of cover for big
game, while also providing ad
equate forage to sustain the
populations.
See TIMBER on page 10
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