Spilyay Tyvnoo, Warm
Timber: members comment on variety
(Continued from page 1)
Landscape prescriptions
leave a variable number of trees
spread over an area of 40-150
acres. Marking will be conducted
by the Presale staff or by con
tractors. Some of the marking
guidelines will require buffering
against blowdown, especially
along block edges next to open
ings. The most common logging
method will be ground skidding.
Cable yarding will be confined
to slopes in excess of 35 de
grees. There will not be any he
licopter logging direcdy associ
ated with this sale.
The 2005 sale area was se
lected based on criteria found
in the forest management plan.
The plan calls for only one en
try per area during the 10-year
planning period.
The allowable cut is calcu
lated based on the forest's sus
tained yield. It also takes into
account a number of manage
ment directives, including
stream buffers and conditional
use restrictions. The continuous
forest inventory plots are
remeasured every 10 years to
check the allowable cut for
sustainability.
One tribal member who at
tended the scoping meetings
wanted to know if there is old
growth timber adjacent to High
way 26 and the staff noted there
are scattered, older trees among
younger ones and in patches.
There are also stands of old
growth spread across the north
west corner of the reservation.
Some stands have a major com
ponent of old-growth and some
contain scattered old-growth in
the overstory.
Old-growth will be preserved
for the future by leaving large,
old trees within the boundaries
of selected harvest blocks.
There are typically a number
of questions regarding forest
insectsarid disease at 'scoping -
meetings and sessions held for
the 2005 sale were no exception.
Impacts from a variety of in
sects and several diseases occur
on the forest and the impacts
usually vary from one area to
another.
There is a lot of dwarf
mistletoe associated with the
2005 sale at lower elevations and
laminated root disease is present
at higher elevations.
Bark beetles are attacking
and killing lodgcpole pine in the
higher elevations and scattered
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insect attacks are occurring in
the ponderosa pine stands. In
sect attacks are based on the
health and species composition
of the stand.
It should be noted that insects
and diseases are part of the for
est ecosystem and will help to
strike an ecological balance if
they are kept in check.
Timber sale benefits tribes
Some tribal members ad
dressed comments on the 2005
sale to Warm Springs Forest
Products Industries (WSFPI). A
mill representative told them the
primary beneficiary of all tim
ber sales is the Confederated
Tribes. Unfortunately, prices
have been low recendy because
of depressed lumber markets
and export economies. The mill
lost money four of the last five
years due to weak timber mar
kets, but the staff is working on
a strategic plan to make the mill
profitable, so they are hoping to
be in business for a long time.
In answer to another specific
question, the mill is processing
ponderosa pine, but it will not
be selling lumber directly to
Iraq.
People wanted to know about
small trees (less than 3 inches in
diameter by 12 feet in length)
and the mill representative said
there are markets for them. The
mill can even utilize limbs when
hog fuel markets are good.
WSFPI is considering a new
mill to process 4-7 inches logs.
In terms of financing for capi
tal improvements such as this,
it may take several years to pay
for a major improvement, while
smaller projects can be paid off
in one year.
On the subject of winter log
ging, the mill representative said
benefits include reduced inven
tory costs, even cash flow, low
ered road maintenance costs,
and the fact, that some units are .
best logged over a, snowpack.
Two diverse questions ad
dressed to the mill were an
swered during scoping meetings
as follows:
1) The possibility of process
ing logs for log homes is a deci
sion based on market conditions.
2) The possibility of growing
hybrid poplars has been consid
ered, but many questions remain
unanswered.
Water an important issue
Issues related to water are
very important to tribal mem
hi.
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bers. One comment received
during scoping meetings had to
do with no-cut buffers along
reservation creeks and how the
buffer widths are determined.
The answer is a variety of fac
tors determine buffer sizes in
cluding quantity of water, spe
cies present, previous classifica
tions, riparian plant distribution,
high water mark, and profes
sional interpretation. Another
tribal member asked if springs
could be developed and it was
noted there are opportunities for
spring development.
On the topic of logging in
headwater areas the hydrologist
said, logging in the high country
is sensitive and care is taken to
minimize impacts. Tribal mem
bers were reassured to hear that
in terms of overall use most wa
ter around and on the reserva
tion is reserved for in-stream
purposes.
Two comments were ad
dressed specifically to fish issues.
On the subject of fish migra
tions in the Deschutes, the
PIDT fish biologist said all stake
holders involved in hydroelec
tric relicensing negotiations are
currently working for the pas
sage of fish over the Pelton
Round Butte project. In address
ing lamprey he said there is cur
rently a study being conducted
by Jennifer Graham, a fisheries
biologist for the Confederated
Tribes, which is looking at the
distribution and abundance of
lamprey (eels) on the reserva
tion. Wildlife is always a popular
subject with tribal members and
many comments center around
this topic. Endangered species
were mentioned at recent
scoping meetings and the wild
life biologist explained there are
currently two species federally
listed as "threatened" that reside
on the reservation (northern
spotted owl and bald eagle).
' Resident bald eagles have de
clined due to poaching, but
known nesting territories have
been protected from commer
cial timber harvests through
IRMP standards. The spotted
owl population has experienced
a significant decline of approxi
mately 50 percent over the past
decade due to several factors
such as habitat loss and frag
mentation caused by logging.
The reservation bear popu
lation is healthy and thriving, yet
only three bears were reported
harvested in 2002. There has
November 27, 2003
of issues
been an increase in the number
of tags issued to tribal members
over the past several years but
hunter success is extremely low
due to a lack of interest.
Some tribal members are
concerned about cougars
(mountain lions) and these ani
mals are not inventoried on the
reservation. The wildlife staff
radio-collared two female cou
gars in 1996 and monitored the
animal's movements over the
next three years (1996-99).
What often determines the
abundance of this predator is
availability of prey, as well as the
quantity of suitable habitat. Re
ported sightings of cougar in
community areas may be indi
rectly related to the recent de
cline in deer numbers (causing
cougars to find other prey spe
cies) rather than an increase in
the cougar population.
Bighorns produce lambs
Tribal members were pleased
to learn the bighorn sheep rein
troduced in the Mutton Moun
tains have been successful thus
far. The sheep did experience
some mortality during their first
year back on the reservation,
but those losses were offset by
the birth of five lambs the fol
lowing spring. In 2003 between
five and seven lambs joined the
herd. Antelope numbers, on the
other hand, have not increased
over the past 12 years due pri
marily to poaching.
Another concern expressed
at scoping meetings stemmed
from nationwide reports of
West Nile virus. Oregon is one
of the last western states that
has not experienced a case of
the virus in humans, wildlife or
domestic animals. It is undoubt
edly on its way, but it is unknown
to what extent this exotic virus
will infect deer or other native
wildlife.
(This story will conclude in the
next edition of the paper.).
Palm Harbor Homes
Welcomes
the Warm Springs
Comm unity
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Oave McMachanSpilyay
Jodel Johnson manages the Jo's Coffee Corral. The shop, located
next to the Texaco station, is now serving soup and pizza. Call
ahead and have your order ready to go, 553-1 320.
Eating healthy
for the holidays
Statistics show that a person's
typical Christmas day intake of
food can reach nearly five thou
sand calories. The bulk of the
calories consumed are fat.
According to the Oregon
State University Extension ser
vice, turkey isn't the problem.
It may be the leanest dish on
the table at less than three and
a half ounces per serving when
skinned. What really adds up the
calories are appetizers, side
dishes and desserts.
Consider making a change by
offering family and guests raw
vegetables with salsa instead of
chips and dip or crackers with
cheese. How about those can
died sweet potatoes with butter
and marshmallows? Substitute
plain sweet potatoes, butternut
or acorn squash sweetened with
a drizzling of maple syrup.
Forget the creamed veg
etables. Prepare a combination of
whole pearl onions and steamed
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Page 9
brussel sprouts or steamed
green beans and broccoli with a
sprinkling of Parmesan cheese
instead of butter.
Most kids thing they need
mashed potatoes and gravy for
a holiday meal. First think about
using a low-fat gravy. Most pan
drippings used to make gravy
consist of fat and brown solids.
To make low-fat gravy from
pan drippings, just remove the
bird from the cooking pan then
drain all juices into a container.
Let the drippings sit until the fat
rises. Simply skim the fat from
the juices and make your favor
ite gravy recipe.
Consider a low-fat version of
turkey stuffing by removing the
butter in most recipes and use
vegetable stock or wine to hold
the dressing together. If you
have any questions about how
to make your holiday meals
more healthy, contact the local
Oregon State University Exten
sion office at 553-3238.,
1402