Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
Fehruary 8, 2001 9
Arlene Bolleau
4-H& Youth
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
(541) 553-3238
Bernadette Handlcy
Home Economics
Zack delNero
Natural Resources
Minnie RedDog
4-H Assistant
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the
people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and
extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated
Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The extension service offers Its programs and materials equally to all people.
Internet address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext
The Clover Speaks-
Arlene Bolleau 4-H Agent
And Minnie Tulalakue
4-H Program Assistant
New 4-H Agent has joined the
Jefferson County OSU Extension
Office in Madras. Please stop in at
the OSU Extension Office and say
Welcome to Jefferson County
Amy Davis.
Events happening in February
2001 : Idea Fairs at the Hugh Hartman
Middle School Located at 2105 W
Antler, in Redmond, Oregon. Live
stockSmall Animal Idea Fair for Feb
ruary 10"1. Horse & Home Economic
Idea Fair is on February 24 Lots of
opportunities to leam and have fun
Some events you will want to
be a part of. This is the time to start
planning for those summer events
4-H Know Your State Govern
ment Conference
The 2001 Know Your State
Government Conference is scheduled
for April 18-21, 2001 in Salem. This
year's Conference headquarters will
be the New Kings Inn Best Western
at the I-5Market Street exit.
The 2001 KYSG Conference is
the beginning of a change for this
dynamic program. This year marks
the first annual Conference. It also
marks a change from three days to
four days. Participants will arrive on
Wednesday afternoon and the Con
ference will close around noon on
Saturday. The extra day will include
a mock legislative session, in which
youth delegates will be assigned as a
member of the House or the Senate
and work on a bill. The mock session
will take place at the hotel. Partici
pants will still visit the Capitol, meet
with their elected officials and learn
about our legislative process the same
as in past years, but the mock session
will provide an additional and more
hands-on style of learning. The mock
session will be spread over the length
of the Conference. Another change
will be the opportunity for some of
the youth to serve as KYSG report
ers. As a reporter, the participant will
be involved with such things as in
i terviewing delegates, speakers and
others, writing short articles about the
interviews and various aspects of the
Conference and helping produce a
KYSG newsletter. Reporters will
have access to a "press room", com
plete with computers and printer.
We are requesting an e-mail
address from participants if they have
one. There is no limit to the number
of youth who can apply, but please
note that application does not guar
antee acceptance. All youth will be
accepted as long as we do not exceed
the maximum number that we can
house. If we exceed that number, ap
plicants will be prioritized by the
Home Sweet
Many older Americans ap
proaching or in retirement suddenly
find themselves caring for and rais
ing their grandchildren according to
the Administration on Aging. A
grandparent stepping in to raise
grandchildren or other relatives is not
a new development. What is new is
the growth in this phenomenon. Ac
cording to the U.S. Census Bureau,
in 1997 3.9 million children were liv
ing in homes maintained by their
grandparents, up 76 percent from 2.2
million in 1970. In a majority of the
cases, grandparents are the primary
caregivers. One in ten grandparents
have been the primary support of a
grandchild at sometime in their lives.
Grandparents who are
caregivers tend to be women. The
majority of grandparents raising their
grandchildren are younger than age
65. Based on 1996 Census data, 48
percent of grandparent caregivers are
between age 50 and 64; 33 percent
are younger than age 50 and 19 per
cent are age 65 plus.
University of Wisconsin-Extension
categorizes grandparent
caregivers into three types. First are
the custodial grandparents. These
grandparents have legal custody of
their grandchildren; they provide
daily care and decision making tasks.
Typically, severe problems existed in
the child's nuclear family. The focus
of this type of caregiving is on the
grandchild and providing them with
a sense of security.
The second type of grandpar
ent caregivers are the "living with"
grandparents. These grandparents
provide daily care for their grandchil
dren, but do not have legal custody.
The child's parent may or may not
live in the home. These grandparents
focus on providing a stable environ
ment for the child, and often on help
ing the parent Because the grandpar
ent does not possess legal custody, he
or she has no way of protecting the
child from an unsuitable or danger
ous parent
"Day care" grandparents are
the third type of grandparent
grade they are in - the higher their
grade, the higher their priority. The
Conference is for all high school age
youth. The registration fee for the
conference is $125.00 per person.
This fee includes the delegate's room,
all meals and any handout materials
provided. Delegates will be respon
sible for getting to Salem and back
home again, but all transportation to
and from the Capitol during the Con
ference will be provided. We are also
requesting that each county sending
a delegation provide a chaperone.
The registration fee for chaperones is
also $125 and covers all their ex
penses during the Conference. Offi
cial 4-H registration forms are re
quired for each youth and adult par
ticipant. The group form and indi
vidual application forms are due at the
State 4-H Office by March 20. 200 1 .If
your county does not plan to partici
pate, please notify us promptly.
4-H Summer Conference at
OSU: Dates June 20 23, 2001 Inter
mediate grades 7-9. Open Track,
similar to Summer Days. Senior
grades 10-12 Open Track Oregon 4
H youth council Educational, Selec
tive Track Seniors, Recognition,
scholarship, Nat'l Congress, Ambas
sador Training, county, state. This is
4-H Sponsored program, to teach
leadership and citizenship to youth
while acquainting them with the Or
egon State University Campus. Cost
$ 150.00. Deadline May 15, 2001
4-H Camp at Round Lake, near
Sister Oregon, June 25-29, 2001 Cost
$95.00
If you have any questions,
please don't hesitate to contact Arlene
Boileau or Minnie for more informa
tion on these. We will keep you up
dated on all these activities in the up
coming months.
The following list of producers
who sell market animals to 4-H and
FFA members. Make arrangements
with the breeder to ensure that a litter
will be available. Many of these pro
ducers started taking orders in the fall.
Contact your producer as soon as
possible to reserve your market ani
mal for fair.
Swine
Pete & Candy Abbas (00)
Terrebonne - 548-1784
2 Jan litters Hamp X
Owen Allbritton (01)
Sisters - 504-0091
HampDurocYorkBerk X
JanFeb litters
Jean Anderson (00)
447-1064
DurocBerks
Feb Litter $50-60
Home: Grandparents Day!
caregivers. Their focus is on helping
the child's parent and on fulfilling
their own needs. These grandparents
tend to be least affected by their care
taking role because the children re
turn home at the end of the day. They
function closest to the societal defi
nition of "grandparent."
Grandparents may resume a
parenting role for a variety of reasons,
most of which revolve around prob
lems related to the child's parent. In
creasing numbers of grandparents are
providing permanent care to their
grandchildren as a result of divorce,
substance abuse, child abuse andor
neglect, abandonment, teenage preg
nancy, death, HIVAIDS, unemploy
ment, incarceration and mental health
problems. The reasons why grandpar
ents raise their grandchildren are var
ied, but all result in a great deal of
responsibility for the grandparent
who takes on the task.
For some grandparents, health
may be an issue. Older grandparents
may be coping with progressively
serious and frequent health problems.
Many grandparents report feeling
both emotionally and physically
drained. They may fear that as a re
sult of their tiredness (and possible
health problems) they may be unable
to meet the demands of parenting.
Older grandparents also worry about
what will happen to their grandchil
dren if something happens to them.
Many grandparents in this situ
ation suffer from economic difficul
ties. Because many elderly people are
already living on a low income, tak
ing on the care of a grandchild may
put their economic future in jeopardy.
Some grandparents are forced to
make job-related sacrifices while oth
ers, who were comfortably retired,
quickly deplete their funds when they
take on the responsibility of their
grandchild. Although there is an in
creasing number of support groups
and informative organizations, there
still exists a lack of government sup
port For example, many grandpar
ents are denied benefits provided to
foster parents based on their blood
Debbie Bartholomew (01)
Bend - 388-3127
DurocHamp X
JanFeb litters
Mike Crawford (01)
mmcgbcndnct.com
Alfalfa 389-4078
Duroc & Berks & Xs
Several litters-Jan Feb
Mike Duggan (00)
Terrebonne - 548-1432
Duroc, Jan litters
Judy Hackett(Ol)
judyhdeschiites.or8
Redmond - 548-0729
Duroc, Hamp X
$75
Feb litters
Kristel Hamlin (01)
jgbbktdcschutcijiei
Redmond - 923-6022
YorkDurocPietrain X
Feb litters
T. J. Heywood (00)
Bend - 385-8856
All breeds, several Jan litters
Kim Houston (00)
Bend -312-0169
SpotDuroc X
Feb 5 Litter
TameLongRed wbl spot
Penny Howard
Bend -317-4974
20 sowsall breeds
Jan & Feb litters
Joyce Hyder (00)
Redmond - 548-0561
Old Spot - $75
Jan litter-21
Paty Jager(Ol)
Redmond - 548-6455
$50
Feb litter
Erica Margo (01)
dmareoredmond.kl2.or.us
Bend - 388-8285
Duroc & DurocSpot X
JanFeb litters
Stephanie Morris (01)
Bend - 330-1506
DurocHampY ork
Landrace
Feb litters
Gene & Sue Nance (00)
Redmond - 923-0954
Duroc - High Quality
Blue Ribbon Mkt & Prod
Jan-Feb litters $75
relation to the child, even though they
may be in just as much need. Such
inadequate assistance only com
pounds the grandparents' economic
difficulties, and in a sense penalizes
them for their willingness to care for
their grandchildren.
Whatever the reason and situa
tion, grandparents raising grandchil
dren face major changes in their lives,
shoulder an enormous responsibility
and face a range of difficulties, in
cluding legal and policy challenges.
Many organizations that provide ser
vices for both generations are not pre
pared to deal with the special needs
and situations presented. Legal op
tions are limited and emotionally
draining and financially expensive.
Few attorneys are familiar with the
relevant laws.
A national satellite
videoconference, February 27, 2001
from 12:30-1:30 PST will look at
some of the legal concerns of grand
parents raising grandchildren and the
agencies and professionals they work
with. The program entitled "Grand
parents Raising Grandchildren: Legal
and Policy Issues" will be available
for broadcast through the OSU Ex
tension Office in Warm Springs. The
program will explore the implications
of various forms of informal and for
mal custody arrangements, how laws
and policies impact custodial
caregivers, ways to improve interac
tion between grandparents and pro
fessionals, including lawyers, medi
cal personnel, schools and social ser
vice providers and how states might
design and implement changes in
state laws.
For more information on the
upcoming video satellite program, con
tact Bernadette Hoyer, OSU Extension
541-553-3535. Local sponsors are
the Warm Springs Senior Program,
I.H.S. Public Health and Oregon
AARP. National Sponsors are the Co
operative Extension Services of the
University of Wisconsin-Extension
and Purdue University, AARP, Gen
erations United and the National As
sociation of State Units on Aging.
Kristy Prosser (01)
Terrebonne - 923-3633
Mprpsiicryah.po,cQm
HampDuroc Feb litter
Mike & Susan Quinlan
Powell Butte - 504-9354
DurocDuroc X
Phillis Rufkahr(Ol)
Alfalfa - 389-9528
LandraceYorkDuroc X
Mid-Dec litters
Sue Schwann
Bend - 389-9008
Landrace
Several litters
Mike Wendte
Cornelius - 503628-0798
Jan-Feb litters
Lee & Susan Williams (00)
Spray - 541468-2200
MT Blacks BelticsHamps Durocs
Early Feb litters
Lorren Wunder (01)
Bend -617-1888
YorkDuroc X
Late January
Goats
Judy Hackett (01)
jtidyhdgschutcs.org
Redmond - 548-0729
Boer & Dairy Feb-Apr kids
Pierre Kolisch (00)
Juniper Grove
Farmmailto:jffcheesecoinet.com
Redmond 923-8353
Nubians, Saanans, Alpines,
LaManchas, Toggenburgs
Dec, Mar-May kids
AshleeSykes(Ol)
lanismatters.com
Terrebonne 548-4037
Boer X Market Goats
Jan Kids
Special price for 4-Hers
Red Sky Farm (01)
Linda Tenbrink
redskycoinet.com
Bend - 389-7693318-4910
Pygmydairy goats (Nubians)
Mid-MarApr kids
Thunderhead Farm (01)
Jim & Toni Selk
Redmond - 923-2456
Kids & breeding stock
Colored Angora Goats
Stockman's Roundup:
Estimating body weight with a
Knowledge of horse body
weight is useful in determining how
much daily feed is needed.
Also, paste wormers and other
medications are designed to be dis
pensed at specific levels relative to a
horse's weight.
Unfortunately, most horse
owners do not have easy access to a
set of scales and must often resort to
visual evaluation for estimating
weight.
However, one study conducted
in Florida found that 88 of horse
persons underestimated actual weight
by an average of 186 pounds. Simi
lar trends have been observed at edu
cational programs elsewhere. In one
field study, 37 of horse owner esti
mates were at least 150 pounds be
low actual weights. Some horse own
ers tend to overestimate actual
weights by visual observation. In the
Florida study, 13 of participants
overestimated by 90 pounds. Fortu
nately, there is a simple formula that
can be used to estimate body weights
of individual horses fairly accurately.
This formula utilizes heartgirth cir
cumference, body
length measurements and an
adjustment factor . This horse weight
prediction equation is shown below:
(Heartgirth x Heartgirth x Body
length) 330 Wt (lbs)
Measurements should be taken
and recorded in inches with a tape that
is at least 75 inches long.
Plastic measuring tapes are pre
ferred over cloth tapes because they
won't stretch. Metal tapes can be used
but they sometimes scare horses,
making them the least preferable.
Heartgirth is a measure of the circum
ference, taken by running the tape
measure all the way around the horse,
using the highest part of the withers.
Body length is measured from the
point of the shoulder, straight back
along the horse's side, and to the point
of the buttock. The tape should go
around the comer of the hip and to
the actual point of the buttock, which
Natural Resource Notables
Outdoor Safety in Winter
This time of year, just getting
to work can be a life threatening situ
ation. I have been driving in from
Simnasho and or Bear Springs just
about every day for the past 4 years
and have seen more wrecks and acci
dents than I can count. Of course,
Fridays and late Sundays seem to be
the worst, with weekend vacation
folks trying to get to wherever they
are going just as fast as they can get
there.
We haven't had a lot of big
storms on us this year, in fact, there
is a lot of worry about possible
drought conditions this year. I saw on
the news this morning that, normally,
a big blanket of Arctic air comes
down toward us through Canada. This
year, it has been sliding over into Si
beria instead. We have had some
pretty nasty road conditions though,
especially out on Sidwalter and down
the grades into Warm Springs.
Safety tips? Make sure every
one is seat-belted in - especially the
little ones. Car accidents are still one
of the top causes of death for our chil
dren, and the injuries are sometimes
even worse. If you don't need to go
somewhere- don't. You'll save gas
and time, and maybe even get into a
snowball fight with your kids or
grandkids instead. If you are driving,
Livestock marketing
by Bob Pawelek
Not all horses and cattle are
sold through the auction yard these
days anymore.
The stockman has various
methods by which to market his
stock. There are now satellite video
auctions, where cattle are seen in
the pasture and bids are placed by
phone. Order buyers are also
available, who buy direct from the
ranch. This method is becomeing
popular, but it pays to be knowl
edgeable about the buyer, as well as
the method of payment.
A cattle producer may wish to
hang on to some of his steers and
sell them as yearlings. This ap
proach is called a "rollback," as
more pounds of beef are sold, but at
a slightly lower price than for
weaner calves.
Horses are often bought and
sold privately. This is a desirable
A RANCH in winter and spring can be a mighty muddy place.
I don't know of any ranch wives who don't get madder than a
wet hen when their husbands or kids or one of the hands drags
gobs of mud into the kitchen. The simple angle iron scraper I've
shown can be rigged at a strategic spot outside the house.
is essentially half the distance from
the comer to the tail. Two persons will
beneeded in taking body length mea
surements. For owners who are learning to
takemeasurements for the first time,
it is advisable to get an actual scale
weight on one horse and compare it
to the prediction equation. This will
help determine whether or not mea
surements are being taken from the
proper points. The horse should be
standing somewhat square.
Furthermore, measurements of
a horse to compare changes in weight
over time should always be taken at
the same time of the day, preferably
in the morning prior to feeding.
In two demonstrations con
ducted at Texas A&M, a total of 12
horses were taped. The horses were
of Arabian, Quarter Horse or Thor
oughbred breeding and had actual
scale weights ranging from 725 to
1 275 pounds. The tape measurements
and equation underestimated actual
weight of 5 horses by an average of
15 pounds and overestimated actual
take your time and carry along some
blankets, a first-aid kit, and flares in
case you do make an unscheduled exit
Ok, so there is a foot of fresh
snow and the kids want to go sled
ding. Sledding is great, just need to
watch out for a few things there too.
Remember to dress the kids warm -especially
the youngest. Kids are
more at risk to hypothermia than you
and I so we need to keep them safe.
Check out the hill you are sledding
for hazards - rocks, tree roots, barbed
wire, etc. Find a safe spot and have a
good time. It is always safer to sled
feet first, as it will reduce your risk
of head and neck injury.
OSU Extension 4H will be
working with the Warm Springs
Community Center and the Boys &
Girls Club this year to form an Out
door Recreation Club. This will be for
all ages. We'd like to get people in
terested in hiking, snowboarding, sur
vival skills, mountain biking, river
sports, and anything else outside.
We'd also like to work with Elders to
bring the knowledge and tradition
associated with cultural foods back
into our children's lives. If you would
be interested in participating in such
a club, or volunteering to help - let us
know at OSU Extension.
option for many stockmen. How
ever, some get non-payment
problems in return. Reduce your
risk by using a few precautions:
Ask for cash (obviously).
Verify the buyer's ability to
pay by calling his bank.
Retain title to livestock
until final payment is received.
Insist on other acceptable
methods of payment, such as wire
transfer, cashier's check, money
order, letter of credit, or cash.
When selling by private
treaty, a personal check may be
written. Make sure all pertinent
information is on the check,
including mailing address, phone
number, and date of birth. It would
be wise to jot down the auto license
number if you accept a check from
someone you've never done
business with before.
simple formula
weight of 5 horses by 1 2 pounds. One
mare, that was extremely heavy
fronted, deephearted and light hipped,
was overestimated by 150 pounds.
The prediction equation estimated
weight of 1 horse exactly. Overall, the
procedure averaged being within - 24
pounds of actual weight.
In summary, the above men
tioned prediction equation appears to
be a more reliable method for esti
mating weight than visual observa
tion. The procedure can be used ef
fectively on many horses, but may not
be highly accurate for pregnant mares
or for horses with extreme conforma
tional irregularities, especially very
unbalanced horses. AH in all, horse
owners should be able to utilize this
simple tool in better managing horses.
Adapted from Householder,
D.D. and P.G. Gibbs. 1990. A method
demonstration comparing visual es
timation and use of a prediction equa
tion to actual scale weights of horses.
Robert Pawelek