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Warm Springs, Oregon
January 11,2001 9
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4-H& Youth
Bob Pavvclck
Livestock
Clint Jacks
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Staff Chair, Madras
ZackdelNero Minnie RedDog
Natural Resources 4-I I Assistant
(54i) 553-3238
Bcrnadcttc Handlcy
Home Economics
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the
people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and
extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated
Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The extension service offers its programs and materials equally to all people.
Internet address: http:wNrvw.orst.edudeptwsext
The Clover Speaks
Arlene Bolleau 4-H Agent
Minnie RedDog
To be a 4-H Leader
What Is the 4-H Leaders Job?
To help 4-H members learn specific
project skills.
4-H members have fun with projects
while "Learning by doing." Youth remem
ber better if they actually experience some
thing and have an opportunity for "hands
on learning." Learning takes place within
the learner - it is not something done to
the learner. We encourage skills that will
be useful to the young person now and in
the future.
We help each member develop good
habits, Experiment with new ideas, and
practice Problem -solving skills. By doing
this, we help them become self-directed,
productive, contributing members of so
ciety. To teach members how to think, not
what to think, we help develop creative
thinking in young people. By giving them
a chance to make decisions on their own
They'll learn from their own choices.
To recognize and encourage each 4-H
member so they feel noticed and important
the most significant recognition that can be
given to members is sincere praise, atten
tion or Compliments- letting them know
they are important and what they have done
is worthwhile. This is what 4-H is all about
- the personal development of the Girl and
Boy.
Welcome to the world of 4-H.
The 4-H program at Warm Springs is
in need of 4-H leaders. For the winter of
2001 Call 553-3238 and become a 4-H
leader. You will be helping the youth of
Warm Springs.
Strawberry-Pineapple Freeze: Remem
ber Lil Chief to wash you hands and get
and adult to help you in the kitchen. This
is what you will need to get ready to make
the following treat. Take out a bowl, fork,
can opener, spoon, ice cube tray, foil, cup,
and a knife.
First: Put drained strawberries in bowl.
Mash with a fork. Open can of crushed
pineapple; drain the juice into a cup. Stir
drained pineapple, yogurt, and sugar into
berries.
Two: Line ice cube tray with foil, hav
ing foil extend 3 inches on each side. Pour
in fruit mixture; fold the foil over fruit.
Freeze till fruit is hard, about 3 hours.
Three: Lift dessert out by the foil from
tray; let stand a few minutes to soften. Cut
dessert into six wedges. Cut pineapple rings
in half; put on top of each wedge.
Plan to serve Strawberry-Pineapple
Freeze with Macaroni and Cheese
The 4-H Program at Warm Springs Is
In need of
4-H Leaders for the winter of 2001
The Youth at Warm Springs are wait
ing for you and want to learn. So think
about it
Dried Fruit and Nut Quick Energy
Mix: Time to make this recipe 15 minutes:
Tools you will need: cutting board, paring
knife, medium bowl, wooden spoon,
resoluble
Plastic sandwich bags: Ingredients: 1.
Cup dried apples, 1 Cup dried apricots, 1
cup dried banana chips 1-Cup sunflower
seeds, Vi Cup dry roasted peanuts, Vi Cup
raisins.
Step 1 on the cutting board; use the
paring knife to cut the apples into bite size
pieces. Step 2.Cut the apricots into '-inch
strips.
Step 3. In the bowl, use the wooden
spoon to mix together the apple pieces,
apricot strips, banana chips, sunflower
seeds, peanuts and the raisins. Mix well.
Step 4 put the dried fruit mix into the
resealable plastic bags. Eat now or later,
enjoy.
Dried fruits are full of iron, In only 15
minutes you can make the Dried Fruit and
Nut Energy Mix that you can pack in your
lunchbox or put it in your backpack to eat
later or after school. It will gave you iron,
energy wherever you go. Dried fruit has
had at least half of its water content re
moved. This is why it is chewy to eat and
very sweet. Enjoy
The Four-Fold Youth Development
Model:
Head utilizing scientific methods,
Processing information, Understanding
systems, Managing resources, Practicing
creativity, Making decision, Solving prob
lems, Visualizing information, Learning to
learn, Reasoning, Thinking critically,
Keeping records, Planning and Organizing,
Achieving goals, Navigating in your envi
ronment, Working with numbers.
Heart- Communicating, Interacting
socially, cooperating, Sharing, Resolving
conflicts, Valuing social justice, Valuing
diversity, Building relationships, Caring
for others, Being empathetic.
Hands- Mastering technology, learn
ing through community service, Volunteer
ing, Being a responsible citizen, Working
in a team. Exercising leadership, Complet
ing a projecttask, Motivating yourself.
Health- Being responsible, Developing
self-esteem, Managing yourself, Practicing
integrity and character, Developing a sense
of purpose, Developing a positive view of
the future, Utilizing resistance skills, Be
ing resilient, Managing stress, Making
healthy lifestyles choices, Preventing per
sonal injury, Expressing emotions posi
tively, Preventing disease.
These are positive learning tools to
help you become a better person. So be
come a volunteer in being a 4-H leader to
help promote positive learning tools to in
still in the youth of Warm Springs. Happy
Birthday Shayla Frank.
Home Sweet Home
By Bernadette Handley,
Family & Community Development Agent
1AT
When it comes to making New Year's
resolutions, "managing money" is right up
there on almost everyone's list. For next
year, what are your resolutions about
money? Do you want to change the way
you and your family spend money or save
it? Do you want to get more control over
your money?
The first thing is to set your goals
(whether to save money or reduce your
debts) and be clear about how and when to
reach them. Set realistic objectives and then
stick to your plan. If you want to get con
trol over your credit cards, determine the
items and amounts that are appropriate for
you to charge, devise a system to track what
you have charged, and develop strategies
to limit your credit card use.
As you think about changing your
money habits, remember you have spent
years developing these habits. Time, effort,
and commitment are necessary to change
them. Change occurs one step at a time and
one day at a time. Be patient with your
self. If your household has changed in any
way this past year (marriage, birth, etc.)
consider the impact of these changes. My
financial picture changed significantly
since my marriage in July. Yes., we now
have two incomes BUT we have increased
expenses, too.
Pay yourself first. Don't wait until the
end of the pay period to see if there is any
money left for saving. IF possible, have
savings automatically deducted from your
paycheck.
Save "extra income". If you receive
income as a sum of extra money - a tax
refund, a bonus, overtime pay- save it.
Make payments to yourself. The next
time you make the last payment on a debt,
continue making the same payment to your
savings account. You have learned to live
without the cash. Save it for something
special. When I finally paid off a school
loan, I continued to deposit the same
amount into my savings. In a few short
months, I had a small balance that I used
as a down payment for my next car.
Ignore your raise. If you get a pay
raise, ignore it temporarily. Continue to
live on your old salary for three or four
months and save the additional income
from the raise or increase your pre-tax con
tribution. Have a "nothing week". Have a week
when you spend only on necessities - don't
go the movie, don't rent any videos, don't
go out to eat, don't buy beer. Save the
money you did not spend. Even
better... plan it with family or friends. See
how creative you can be in finding inex
pensive ways to entertain yourselves!
Collect change. When you pay the bill
at the supermarket, video store or gas sta
tion put the change into a separate coin
purse. When you get home, put it into a
bottle of jar. When the jar is full, deposit
the money into you savings account. This
is also a great way to teach children how
save and count money!
Change your habits. Don't buy extras
-chips or pop - at break or - lattes- on the
way to work. Carry your lunch to work a
few times a week and put the saving into a
bottle or jar. I used to buy a latte on the
way to work until I began counting up the
expense. I decided to purchase an inexpen
sive espresso machine with the money I
WOULD have spent daily on a latte. The
savings I experienced from making my own
espressos at home have MORE than paid
for the cost of the machine.
To start the new financial year:
Review your financial goals. Re
vise your spending or savings plan to meet
those goals.
Prepare financial statements. A net
worth statement is a picture of what you
own and what you owe. It shows the fair
market value of the things you own (as
sets) and what you owe to others (liabili
ties.) The difference between the value of
assets and liabilities is net worth. An in
come and expense statement shows the
amount of income received over the year
and how it was spent.
Organize your files. As tax forms,
W-2s, 1099s, etc. arrive, put them in one
place a file folder, drawer, or shoe box
so they'll be readily available when you
prepare your return.
" Contact OSU Extension 553
3238 for materials andor a schedule of
upcoming classes on money management.
Natural Resources Notables
There's no place for weeds in
Habitat Restoration
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The Oregon Department of Agri
culture (ODA) says "watch for weeds
when you plant the seeds." The plant
ing of desirable grasses and other
vegetation is a key strategy in restoring
habitat for salmon and other threatened
or endangered species in Oregon. But it
won't do any good if the mix is infested
with weed seeds.
From the two-acre landowner that
plants from a 20-pound bag of seed to
an agency land manager responsible for
thousands of acres and may use seed by
the ton, using clean seed is critical to
repairing the land. "We have some
weeds out there right now and don't
need any more from the planting of
seeds," says Tim Butler, manager of
ODA's Weed Control Program.
Yellow starthistle, knapweed, and
white top are examples of the kinds of
weeds that can turn a restoration project
sour over time. "Habitat restoration
projects are designed to get a desirable
species t establish in a sensitive area,"
says Butler. "Grasses you are trying to
establish have a fibrous root system
that holds the soil together and prevents
erosion. But if something undesirable
like knapweed gets a hold, it can
dominate the site with a tap-root system
that doesn't hold the soil and increases
salutation in nearby streams."
Oregon's history - both past and
present - offers examples of the
unintended consequences of seed
plantings that accidentally included
weeds. In the late 1980's, to prevent
erosion, the US Forest Service used
aircraft to drop grass seed on thousands
of acres after fires in Northeast Oregon.
Unfortunately, the seed was contami
nated with Yellow starthistle. The weed
spread like a biological wildfire itself
and became and expensive problem to
deal with. In the past couple of years,
contaminated wheatgrass seed originat
ing from California but sold by a
Central Oregon seed dealer introduced
Yellow starthistle to several counties.
As part of the construction of a new
spillway at Ochoco reservoir, a five
acre site was seeded in 1997 with the
tainted supply. When the site was
monitored last summer, starthistle was
thriving. Workers had to hand pull
hundreds of unwanted weeds. Officials
say the damage caused by contami
nated seed may be worse than if the
site had not been seeded at all. The site
will need to be monitored for many
more years to control any starthistle
plants that might pop up.
An ounce of prevention is worth a
pound of weed-free seeds - or more.
"It's better to spend the dollars up front
- before planting," says Jim Cramer of
the ODA's Commodity Inspection
Division. ODA can and does provide
regulatory oversight of seed dealers
through sampling and testing of
product as well as auditing of records.
Some companies may end up facing a
civil penalty for selling seed containing
a prohibited noxious weed. But even
the most reputable companies can find
themselves in trouble with weed seeds
if they don't intensively sample and
test what they have. That's where the
education role comes in for the ODA.
Purchasers of seed - especially
those involved in habitat restoration
projects need to make sure sampling
and testing has been done. That goes
for the farmer or rancher as well as the
big agencies responsible for large tracts
of land. "Individual landowners
probably can't afford additional
sampling and testing of the seed," says
Cramer. "But at a minimum, they can
ask their supplier for the test reports
and blending sheets. They should know
the origin of their seed. Large agencies
and municipalities have the potential of
spreading noxious weeds in Oregon."
Another indicator of seed purity is
the label. Like any. product sold i
commercially, the label will tell the
buyer what the package contains - or at
least it is supposed to. Some weed
seeds are not prohibited as part of a
seed lot, and therefore may not even be
listed on the label. Cramer advises seed
buyers to never accept seed without a
label as "the label must state the
variety and kind of each component in
the bag including the weed seed
amount by weight as well as any
noxious weed that might be in there.
The origin, purity, and germination for
each component must be on the label."
All this effort should be done
before the planting of the seed. Once it
is in the ground, any weed problems
are much more costly in time, effort,
and money. Also, Cramer advises the
big seed buyers to "bank the good
stuff." Once they find a seed lot that is
clean and effective, make sure and
stockpile enough of it to last - because
every time they go out to buy seed,
they will have to go through this whole
process again.
Stockman's Roundup: Dealing with the cold
Management adjustments to cope with cold stress
HAPPY HOLIDAYS
from the staff of
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
EXTENSION SERVICE
ARLENE, BERNADETTE,
BOB, MINNIE T, MINNIE Y, & ZACH
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li'1
By Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Management adjustments to cope with
cold stress
The rumen is very large. The cow
stores heat in the rumen. To help the cow
overcome cold stress fill the rumen with
fiber, energy and protein. This w ill gener
ate heat and provide the necessary nutri
ents to cope with the cold. Reduce expo
sure to the elements by providing protec
tion with willows, trees, man made wind
breaks etc. Protection will allow the cow
to keep her hair coat dry and reduce wind
chill. A dry place to lay will help tremen
dously. Make sure water is available. Mild
dehydration often accompanies cold stress.
Break ice often and make water accessible.
Feed thin cows separate. Thin cows
being those with a BCS 5. Depending
on chill factor and extent of the cold snap
(for Central-Eastern Oregon feedstuffs), I
would suggest feeding 3 to 5 pounds of
grain, 50 grass and 50 alfalfa. The
grain is going to add the needed energy.
The alfalfa is a lower fiber feed than grass
hay, higher in protein and energy. This will
allow the cow to consume more pounds of
ration. The grass hay is high in fiber, lower
in protein and energy, yet adds capacity
and slows the passage rate. The slower
passage rate helps store body heat in the
rumen and adds bulk for heat preservation.
Thin cows have no body fat reserves to
draw from so we have to provide energy
in the ration. If w e do not add energy w e
w ill pay the consequences this spring with
reduced or delayed breed back.
For body condition 5 cow s, feed all the
hay they w ill eat, even to the point of w ast
ing it. They can lay on the w aste. Provide
protection from the elements such as wil
lows, trees, man made wind breaks etc.
Protection will allow the cow to keep her
hair coat dry and reduce the wind chill. A
dry place to lay will help tremendously.
Feed your fat cows separate. These
girls have body reserves to draw from.
Feed all they want but not to the point of
wasting feed. The money you save on these
girls helps pay for the extra input on the
thin cows.
Prevention is the best method of ad
justing for cold stress. Prevention in the
form of body condition preservation. This
should start 12 months in advance. How
can you prevent you ask? Smart weaning,
strategic supplementation, knowing the
biological cycle of the cow and add body
condition w hen it is cheap to get on a cow
(dry cow, mid trimester), saving fall feed,
matching the cow to your ranch resources
(frame and milk, fleshing ability), treating
young, old and thin differently, these are
all preventative measures.
Keep in mind you can w inter a moder
ately fleshed to fat cow cheaper than a thin
cow. A cow going into the winter thin is
sure to come out of the w inter thin. A cow
entering the winter fleshed to fat is more
likely to come out of the w inter fleshed and
breed back. Prevention, prevention, pre
vention! That is mv suseestion for the dav!