Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
October 7, 2000 9
Arlcne Boileau
4-H& Youth
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras Secretary
OMonN frui twrv
service
Bcrnadette Handley Zack del Nero Minnie RedDoe;
(503)553-3238 Home Economics Natural Resources 4-H Assistant
Internet Address: httptfwww.orst.edudeptwsext
Thi Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.
Natural Resource Notables-
The Clover speaks-
f
GO)
By Arlene Boileau and Minnie
Tulalakus
Lost Blanket nt 4-11 Camp: A fuzzy
' blanket with bears on it very special blanket,
please return the blanket to the 4-11 Office in
the Education Building to Arlene or Minnie.
National 4-11 Week October l"Tk,
2000
Across the country, 4-1 1 will celebrate
' National 4-1 1 Week 2000 Sunday, October 1 "
through Saturday, October 7. National 4-H
; Week, celebrated annual, provides recogni
i tion to 6.6 million youth involved in 4-1 1 pro
grams and 6.3 million volunteers. 4-11 is the
largest non-formal youth educational organ i
l zation in the United State.
Pledging "hands to larger services" is a
key component to the 4-H philosophy of
learning by doing. In 1 999,more then 2 1 7,000
youth got involved in volunteeringism, ser
vice learning and community services nation
wide. ' 4-1 I volunteers range in age from 1 3 to
well over 70. Many of them, though not all,
are 4-H alumni who wish to give back to the
organization that they benefited from. They
come from a wide array of economic situa
tions and backgrounds and share the common
interest of youth development. Over 500,000
adult volunteers in the United State are get
ting into 4 -H.
The more then 45,000,000 4-H alumni
: point with pride to their experiences -telling
how much they gained from their discipline
of keeping written records, making oral pre
sentations, developing leadership, manage
ment and communication skills and gaining
an understanding of citizenship responsibili
ties. During National 4-H Week take the
time to tell your friends about your experi
ences in 4-H. Invite others to come along and
join in on the fun and learning
(This was stated in the Jefferson County
4-H Newsletter)
Did You Know? Life as a Learning
Endeavor
As a kid, I've learned... leaving your
hand in the car door when it shuts is a bad
thing..,, the stove is hot!... when you pull
large heavy objects toward you, they fall on
you. ... ponies are not always nice. ...dogs
are not necessarily "man's best friend. ...bro
ken bones are not usually life-threatening
As a 4-Her, I've learned.... that throw
ing your 4-H leader in the creek can make for
a very long camping trip. .. .not being nice to
Mom at the show makes for a short day and a
long trip home. ...winning friends is more
important then winning ribbons. ...being a
good person is more important then raising a
good steer. ... I really don't like camping. ...If
you want to be good at it, you have to prac
tice. ...
From My Big Brother, I've learned.
...my head is a poor imitation of a backboard.
...cats can swim. ...he didn't do it. ... don't
leave the room while playing game. ...if I
need him, he'll be there. ...
As a 4-H Staff Member, I've
Learned... scales weigh better on asphalt then
on grass. .. surge is not necessarily a refer
ence to a soft drink. ...kids don't always lis- .i
ten, but they repeat it very well there are
more ood people in the world then bad.
...life is all about how we treat people and
raise our kids. ...working for a living is not
about money; do something you enjoy.
...common sense isn't common anymore.
..not everybody was raised on a farm. ...you
don't have to agree with me to be right. ...
At 30-Sometlilng. I've learned.. .30 is
a bad time to resurrect a basketball career. ..
40 isn't old. Neither is 50. ...finding things
in the cupboard is challenging for one gen
der. ...Mom & Dad were usually right. ...
good friends are hard to find, those you
find are very special. . . . speeding tickets make
your car insurance go up, ...
From Mom & Dad, I've learned. ...
respect for people and things is the first step
to being a good person. ...I hear better with
my mouth closed. ..."I had a flat tire" does
not work if there is no spare in the car. ..."be
home for dinner" does not mean eating out at
1 1 pm is acceptable. ...it is better to remain
quiet and be thought a fool, then to speak and
remove all doubt. ...informal education is as
important as formal education. ...
From my Friends, I've learned ...I re
ally can be hard-headed. ...I need to work at
NOT being a control freak. ...they like me
even when I don't like me. ...asking for help
is not admitting failure. ...trust is an impor
tant ingredient in every relationship. ... I
should work less. ...
From My grandparents & friends who
have passed away, I've learned. ...
Life isn't always as long as we expect
it to be, don't put off living spend more
time with your grandparents, their wisdom is
incredible and you'll miss them someday. ...
life isn't fair. ... put thing in perspective be
fore you react. ... not everything is worth
fighting for. ... being right isn't all that im
portant, being first isn't important at all. ...
It's more fun to experience life then to just
have life experiences.
(Reprinted with permission from
Candi)
Is It Good or Bad?
Do you know what ozone is? Do you
know what role it plays in the balance of our
atmosphere? There is a lot of confusion about
ozone, due to the fact that ozone is related to
many environmental issues.
Ozone occurs naturally in the region of
the atmosphere known as the stratosphere. In
the stratosphere, from about 6 to 31 miles
above the ground, ozone absorbs ultraviolet
radiation from the Sun. This UV radiation is
harmful to life at the Earth's surface, the
ozone works like a protective shield. These
harmful UV rays do damage in many ways -just
ask any fair-skinned person about sun
bum. Also, these UV rays can damage plants,
animals, amphibians, and other life here on
Earth. Without the ozone shield, potentially'
lethal intensities of UV radiation would reach
the surface. So, in the context of ozone in the
stratosphere - it is considered a "good thing"
- actually necessary for life to continue on
Earth.
Over the past decade, there has been
some effort to reduce ozone-destroying
chemicals - remember the attention to freon
(air conditioners) and aerosols (spray cans)?
Among these "ozone-destroyers" are the
chloroflourocarbons (CFC's). Pay attention
to things like this. You can help to reduce
these types of problems by education your
self on what products are harmful or helpful.
In contrast to this "good" ozone - many
folks in the cities look at ozone as a real prob
lem. Are they talking about stratospheric
ozone? No. These folks are dealing with
ozone as a pollutant in the troposphere (down
here at the Earth's surface levels).
Photochemical smog (like Los Ange
les) is a major problem for cities and areas
around them, especially during the summer
months. Ozone is the major component of this
noxious mixture of gases, soot, and dust that
form from a reaction of exhaust by motor ve
hicles and industry. During air pollution emer
gencies, ozone levels are used as an index for
air quality. The higher the ozone concentra
tion, the cruddier the air quality. So, ozone at
the tropospheric levels is a real problem not
good.
Any solutions for this? Sure, don't bum
so much fuel and other pollutants. We need
more electric cars, alternative fuels, more fuel
efficient cars, and less drivers - especially in
the densely populated urban areas.
So, ozone is good and bad. Ozone in
the stratosphere protects life here on Earth -without
this shield life will not continue.
Ozone down low in the troposphere is not
good - anryone who has cruised through Los
Angeles dn a bad smog day can tell you that.
HOME SWEET HOME
By Bernadette Handley, Family &
Community Development Agent
MM
Do you think of herbs as drugs or food? .
'' If you said food, you'd be right - sort of. Le
, gaily, herbs are sold as food (dietary supple
1 ments) but most people use herbs as drugs.
1 Just because herbs are "natural," remember
. that they work in the body like drugs. Before
: taking a supplement, ask yourself the follow-
ing questions:
Why do I think I need this supplement?
If you follow the Food Guide Pyramid you
probably don't need a supplement. You may
need a supplement if: 1) you are a woman
who plans to have children; 2) you are now
pregnant or nursing; 3) you are over 50 years
of age; 4) you follow a strict vegetarian diet.
Your doctor may also prescribe a supplement
based on your medical history.
Does my doctor know that I am taking
this pill? Vitamin, mineral or herb pills may
affect the medicine you take. Talk to your
doctor or other healthcare provider. Only a
doctor can diagnose a disease. You may have
a sore throat and decide to treat yourself not
knowing you have a more serious strep, bac
terial infection. Or, you may have other symp
toms and choose to take an herbal pill instead
of getting a diagnosis from a doctor.
What do I expect to gain from taking
this pill? The label may promise "quick en
ergy" or to
"reduce stress." Don't believe it! Also,
a pill is not a "quick fix" for a poor diet.
' " Do I know what is in the pill? New la
bels on supplements give you more informa
tion about
what is in the pill. The format is much
like the "Nutrition Facts" label now found on
food. You will Find the serving size and a com
plete list of ingredients. The first ingredients
listed are those that are well-known vitamins
and minerals. You can use Daily Values to
see how a serving of this supplement com
pares to the daily recommended level of
100. The next set of ingredients are those
that may not be safe or effective and with no
recommended daily amounts. Herbs must
state the common name of the plant, the part
of the plant used and how much of the herb is
in each serving. By the end of September 2000
all supplements must have the new labels.
Are there any side effects? The new
labels list possible side effects. Herbs may not
be recommended if you are pregnant, breast
feeding or a child. Take care at certain stages
of your life. Some herbs, like chamomile, are
not used during pregnancy. Breast-feeding
women should avoid ginkgo. Aloe in gel or
juice form should not be used by children
under 12 years of age.
How can I tell if this pill is working?
You and your doctor should discuss how you
will know your health is better. However, if
you choose to take an herb or other dietary
supplement on your own, you may feel bet
ter quickly. Is this due to the pill? Not always.
Many times symptoms go away on their own.
Does what I eat or what medications I
take affect how this pill will work? Foods you
eat may affect how well the pill works. Ask
your doctor or a pharmacist if you are not sure.
Herbs and drugs may not mix. There is much
we do not know about herbs. For example,
you may have side affects from herbs you take
that interact with the drugs you are also tak
ing. It is important to let your doctor know if
you are taking any herbs along with pre
scribed medicines.
Do studies show that this pill is effec
tive? Research, especially on large numbers
of humans, is important. Studies test the ef
fectiveness of certain parts of the plant. One
part of the plant may not be as effective as
another but may be sold anyway. Echinacea
is one example. There are no required stan
dards so the herb or food may or may not
contain what the label states it contains. In
addition, the pills you buy may not contain
the recommended amount of herbs that work.
In a 1998 Oregon State University study of 8
St. John's wort products tested, only 2 con
tained the amount stated on the label; 3 had
less and 3 had more.
-NutriFocus Feb 2000, Dec 1999, June
1 999(http:osu.orst.edudeptehe)
OSU Extension Service
Food Preservation Hotline
1-800-354-7319
9 AM -4PM
Monday - Friday
(except holidays)
July 17-October 13
Certified Master Food Preservers. & Extension
11 ' educator s:":::1'
aft! (jiri.. it I H f'Kii
in Lane County will answer your
food preservation questions.
Sponsored by the Extension Family
& Community Development .... ;
program of the Oregon State University College
'Of
Home Economies and Education.
OSU has a new Fish & Wildlife depart, head
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: How to get more heifers-
Dr. W. Dan Edge has accepted an offer
to serve as Interim Head of the Department
of Fisheries and Wildlife. His term will be
gin immediately and run at least until l Sep
tember 200 1 or longer if a replacement
has not been identified by that time. In the
next few weeks, we will initiate a national
search to fill permanently the Department
Head position. In the interim, Dan will serve
with total confidence. All of the faculty who
provided suggestions for an interim head in
cluded Dan on their list another sure sign
of confidence in his ability.
Dr.Edge received his doctorate from the
University of Montana in 1985, and has been
a professor and Extension Specialist at OSU
since 1989. He has a distinguished record in
all 3 of the primary functions of a land-grant
university teaching, research, and exten
sion. Included among his achievements are:
the R.M Wade Award for Excellence in
Teaching, over $4.5 million in grants to sup
port his research program, 47 peer-reviewed
scientific articles, production of a national
award-winning extension Video, and election
as regional representative to the governing
body of The Wildlife Society. In 1999 he was
named the Robert and Phyllis Mace
Watchable Wildlife Professor and directs that
endowed program. He is well-qualified to
function within the department, the College
of Agricultural Sciences, and OSU. In addi
tion, his diverse leadership positions within
the wildlife profession at state, regional, and
national levels will help ensure that OSU's
programs remain consistent with develop
ments at broader levels. We all welcome Dan
to the CAS leadership team.
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Questions: How can I get more heifer
calves? When is sexed semen going to be avail
able commercially? How do they sort semen?
Answer Presently, the only way I know of
to "get more heifers" is to get more "calves." For
every two calves bom, one will usually be a heifer.
How do you get more calves? By follow ing sound
total management practices such as breeding for
good genetics, feeding a balanced ration, follow
ing a laid out animal health program etc. etc. etc.
Sexed semen will be available commer
cially (hopefully) w ithin the next few years. The
technology is here now. Sex is determined by X
, (female) or Y-male) chromosome-bearing sperm.
In mammalians, more DNA is contained w ithin
the X-chromosome; X-chromosome-bearing
sperm have 3.8 o more DNA content than Y-chro-mosome-bearing
sperm. This forms the basis for
separating sperm via flow cytometry sperm sort-
What is a flow cytometer and how does it
work? The sperm is dyed. The X takes on a differ
ent color. The semen is sent down a narrow
"crowding ally" and a micro-scope is read by a
computer. The computer determines if it is a x
(female) or y (male) and acts as the "sorting gate"
sorting X (dyed) semen one way and Y (non-dyed)
semen the other way. "Cull" semen is discarded.
In a nutshell that is how sorting semen
works. Itismuchmorecomplicatedthanthishow
ever this is how I visualize it.
The reason sexed semen is not commer
cially available today is because equipment is not
sophisticated enough yet to do enough volume to
meet the demand. That technology and equipment
is coming.
We need to build more sorting chutes that
are more efficient and can sort more semen faster.
Semen is hard to rodear horse back.
Question, "w hy would you w ant more heif
ers when steer calves are worth more per pound?
"My thoughts: Due to die cost of sexing semen
and artificial insemination, only semen from su
perior and proven sires would be sexed, sorted
and inseminated into cows. Female progeny that
are retained for replacements have a productive
life of 8 to 1 2 years. This usually results in 6 to 1 0
calves. This means the female has 8 to 12 years to
spread out the cost of sexed semen and A.I. These
females w ill produce 6 to 1 0 calves. Those calves
could in turn pass those superior genetics on to
their calves.
For the commercial cow-calf producer, the
steer calf would enter the human food chain at 1 8
to 24 months of age. No off spring were produced
to pass on the superior genetics too. There is noth
ing (other than one time animal performance of
the individual) to offset the cost of sexed semen
and A.I. The beef industry is good at eating their
genetic mistakes (missed-steaks). Natural service
makes more sense here.
A registered bull that remains a bull makes
sense. He could sire many off spring and pass on
the superior genetics. For the registered producer
male sexed semen makes sense and so does fe
male sexed semen.
For the Dairyman, females make sense.
They would breed their best cows to have heifers
for replacements. They could A.I. or natural ser
vice the rest of the cows to a terminal cross sire
such as Charolais, Limousin etc. These terminal
cross Holstein X Charolais calves would compete
with our English bred (Hereford and Angus ) steers
in feedlot and rail performance. I bet they would
out perform our beef calves and demand equal
money as feeders.
As beef producers, we could AI our replace
ment heifers to have all heifers. Essentially we
could produce our replacements from our replace
ments. As a bonus w e usually have less dystocia
in fimcalfheifersthathaveheifercalves. W'ecould
men naturally breed our mature cow s to terminal
cross sires. The resulting off spring would perform
better and more economically in the feedlot and
on the rail. The resulting terminal cross off spring
should be more in line w ith consumer's demands
as w ell.
What impact w ould this have on the indus
try? Think about 1
Things to Say When Caught Sleeping At Your Desk Part 1
It's happened to all of us at some point.
You had a long night but come morning, off
to work you go. Things are Okay until you
hit that wall and all you want is just a few
moments of shuteye. And you take it only to
be rudely awoken by your boss! This week,
we present you with only the top things to
say when caught sleeping at your desk like:
"They told me at the blood bank this
might happen."
"This is just a 15 minute power-nap
like they raved about in that time manage
ment course you sent me to."
"Whew! Guess I left the top off the
White-Out. You probably got here just in
time! Thank you!"
"I wasn't sleeping! I was meditat
ing on our mission statement and envision
ing a new paradigm."
Oregon State University Extension Service
BEEF BASICS
Beef Cattle Management Shortcourse
Free of Charge,
Monday Afternoons, 5:15p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
1st Floor Conference Room
Education Services Center
Dates:
October 9th, 23rd, 2000
NWmber 6th, 20th, 2000
Please call OSU Extension to rcjister at 553-3238