t Iff1
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
June 15, 20009
Arlene
4-H &
eXTENSJON
omnm itmi imnrn
(503) 553-3238
Internet Address: httpjwww.orst.edudeptwsext
The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff it devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.
The Clover speaks-
4-II International Exchange
The 4-H Exchange Program
provides young people and
families the opportunity to build
friendships and gain a cross cul
tural understanding. These ex
changes help young people and
their families understand the
importance of knowing and un
derstanding people from differ
ent cultures in an increasingly
global society. They also help
instill positive cross-cultural at
titudes and skills, increase self
esteem and confidence, and en
hance the learning of foreign lan
guage and communications
skills.
Oregon has participated in the
4-H International Programs for
more than 25 years. During that
time, over 3,000 Oregon families
have hosted Japanese and Korean
youth for one month between late
July and late August, over 350
Oregon youth have traveled to
Japan and Korea on four or seven
week homestays, and several Or
egon college students have spent
a year in Japan working and
learning through the intern pro
gram. Oregon just began partici
pating in the High School Pro
gram in the 1998-1999 school
year. Currently three Japanese
youth are staying throughout
Oregon and attending high
school. During the 1999-2000 we
expect to have six Japanese youth
in Oregon.
Currently sixteen Oregon
Father's Day is around the cor
ner - the day we set aside time to
acknowledge our DAD and all he
has done for us. For some, DAD
may be a stepdad, an uncle, a
grandpa, an older brother, or a
male who has influenced you in a
special way. Whomever DAD is,
if he has guided you in some way,
made you laugh when you needed
it most, or helped you "keep on
moving" at a time when you
wanted to stop, then he deserves
a little thanks.
What are some of those DAD
qualities that you can be thankful
for?
He listens to you, really listens
to you. He takes a moment when
he bears a hint of sadness in your
voice and encourages you to share
your pain.
His actions speak louder than
words. He hugs you when he
thinks you need one and even
when you don't. He throws the
ball an extra time even when he is
in a rush. He will stop the car and
back up when you say "Daddy,
look at that deer in the field". He
will show up to help you finish
the roof repairs even if it means
he misses the football game.
He will give you choices in life
and the opportunity to make mis
takes and learn from them. He
will let you know that HIS way is
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Estimating horsebody weight with a
s 4
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Knowledge of horse body
weight is useful in determining
how much daily feed is needed.
Also, paste wormers and other
medications are designed to be
dispensed at specific levels rela
tive to a horse s weight.
Unfortunately, most horse
owners do not have easy access to
a set of scales and must often re
sort to visual evaluation for esti
mating weight.
However, one study conducted
Boileau
Youth
Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks Deanie Johnson
Livestock Staff Chair, Madras Secretary
Bernadette Handley Zack del Nero
Home Economics Natural Resources
counties are participating in the
Exchange program. If you would
like more information, please
contact the State 4-H Office, your
County Agent, or County Coor
dinator. 4-H volunteer sportfish
workshop to be held in
July
CORVALLIS - The Oregon State
University 4-H Youth program will
hold a sportfishing workshop at the
Hancock Field Station near Fossil,
OR, July 7-8.
The deadline for registration is
June 23. The workshop is aimed
at new and continuing volunteers
in the 4-H Sportfishing and
Aquatic Resources program, ac
cording to Virginia Thompson,
HOME SWEET HOME
By Bernadette Handley, Family &
Community Development Agent
not the only way. He will not raise
his voice to you in anger.""! '
He will reinforce your good be
haviors and help you correct the
not-so-good behaviors. He won't
confuse your behaviors with
WHO you are and WHAT you do.
He will offer guidance and sup-
Eort and keep your life regulated,
e will be kind even when you
disobey and he will be firm with
out being mean.
So, how could you possibly
thank him for all those special
things he has done? Keep in mind
that the gift is in the giving.
Thanks does not have to be an
expensive gift or a costly treat. It
can be simple and easy. Thanks
for being there, thanks for listen
ing, thanks for sharing. He will
get the message however you
choose to express it.
Stumped for a new and differ
ent idea? How about one of these?
Write a poem or letter to Dad
and share some of your thoughts.
It does not have to be lengthy. All
you have to do is write what you
feel. Put together a collection of
photos. How about the fun you
had fishing together or at the last
softball game? Or when he held
your first born child?
Make a homemade meal.
Breakfast in bed is ALWAYS a
winner. Or how about a picnic
in Florida found that 88 of horse
persons underestimated actual
weight by an average of 186
pounds. Similar trends have been
observed at educational programs
elsewhere. In one field study,
37 of horse owner estimates
were at least 150 pounds below
actual weights. Some horse own
ers tend to overestimate actual
weights by visual observation. In
the Florida study, 13 of partici
pants overestimated by 90
pounds. Fortunately, there is a
simple formula that can be used
to estimate body weights of indi
vidual horses fairly accurately.
This formula utilizes heartgirth
circumference, body
length measurements and an
adjustment factor . This horse
weight prediction equation is
shown below:
(Heartgirth x Heartgirth x Body
length) 330 Wt (lbs)
Measurements should be taken
and recorded in inches with a tape
that is at least 75 inches long.
Plastic measuring tapes are
preferred over cloth tapes because
they won't stretch. Metal tapes
Minnie RedDog
4-H Assistant
OSU Extension 4-H youth spe
cialist. "This is a statewide program
that enlists adult volunteers to
teach youngsters and many par
ents how to fish and to be good
stewards of Oregon's aquatic re
sources," Thompson said. "New
volunteers are particularly en
couraged to attend. No previous
experience is necessary."
The workshop will familiarize
participants with such fishing
skills as selecting and rigging
poles, teaching casting, tackle
crafting and identifying aquatic
insects. In addition, it will ex
plore fishing-related environ
mental concerns such as water
quality, watersheds and the
function of riparian zones.
The registration fee is $40,
which includes three meals,
lodging, program supplies and a
leadership training book. Ac
commodations at the Hancock
Field Station require participants
to provide their own sleeping
bag, pillow, towel and personal
items.
"In addition to spending time
in the classroom, participants will
also have a chance to do some
fishing, so they should be sure to
bring their fishing gear and li
cense," Thompson said.
For information, contact
Thompson in Salem at
503-31-7920, or e-mail at
virginia.thomps6horst.edu.
lunch? Or an evening BBQ? Make
! the' "me'al" something special for
SOMEONE special.
How about a FAMILY dinner?
Is it possible to get everyone to
gether to honor Dad all at once?
Everyone can take a turn and
share a special moment or time.
Does Dad have a sweet tooth?
Make a batch of his favorite cook
ies or dessert.
Put together a book of thoughts
or memories about Dad. Have
each family member write about
a special time with Dad. Create a
coupon book full of little gifts to
spread out over the year. A batch
of cookies, an afternoon of
yardwork, a game of checkers, an
afternoon drive, an early morn
ing fishing trip;
Don't let it end with Father's
Day. A dad plays a special role in
your life. Remember to thank him
for his influence in your life
throughout the year.
IfiftM
Ihe 097 Etensiai staff dsh ojerycne a
bapfj and safe sumer vacation.
Remember Summer academy &
4-R cotp at Inter's Rsture!
can be used but they sometimes
scare horses, making them the
least preferable. Heartgirth is a
measure of the circumference,
taken by running the tape mea
sure all the way around the horse,
using the highest part of the
withers. Body length is measured
from the point of the shoulder,
straight back along the horse's
side, and to the point of the but
tock. The tape should go around
the corner of the hip and to the
actual point of the buttock, which
is essentially half the distance
from the corner to the tail. Two
persons will be needed in taking
body length measurements.
For owners who are learning to
take measurements for the first
time, it is advisable to get an ac
tual scale weight on one horse
and compare it to the prediction
equation. This will help deter
mine whether or not measure
ments are being taken from the
proper points. The horse should
be standing somewhat square.
Furthermore, measurements of
a horse to compare changes in
weight over time should always
Natural Resource
There's No Place for Weeds in
Habitat Restoration
The Oregon Department of
Agriculture (ODA) says "watch
for weeds when you plant the
seeds." The planting of desirable
grasses and other vegetation is a
key strategy in restoring habitat
for salmon and other threatened
or endangered species in Oregon.
But it won't do any good if the
mix is infested with weed seeds.
From the two-acre landowner
that plants from a 20-pound bag
of seed to an agency land man
ager responsible for thousands
of acres and may use seed by the
ton, using clean seed is critical to
repairing the land. "We have
some weeds out there right now
and don't need any more from
the planting of seeds," says Tim
Butler, manager of ODA's Weed
Control Program.
Yellow starthistle, knapweed,
and white top are examples of
the kinds ot weeds that can turn a
restoration project sour over time.
"Habitat restoration projects are
designed to get a desirable spe
cies t establish in a sensitive area,"
says Butler. "Grasses you are try
ing to establish have a fibrous
root system that holds the soil ,
together and prevents erosion.
But if something undesirable like
knapweed gets a hold, it can
dominate the site with a tap-root
system that doesn't hold tne soil
, and increases salutation in nearby
streams."
Oregon's history - both past
and present - offers examples of
the unintended consequences of
seed plantings that accidentally
included weeds. In the late 1980's,
to prevent erosion, the US Forest
Service used aircraft to drop grass
seed on thousands of acres after
fires in Northeast Oregon. Un
fortunately, the seed was con
taminated : 'with;;11 'Yell&W ;
starthistle. The weed spread like
a biological wildfire itself and
became and expensive problem
to deal with. In the past couple of
years, contaminated wheatgrass
seed originating from California
but sold by a Central Oregon seed
dealer introduced Yellow
starthistle to several counties. As
part of the construction of a new
spillway at Ochoco reservoir, a
five-acre site was seeded in 1997
with the tainted supply. When
the site was monitored last sum
mer, starthistle was thriving.
Workers had to hand pull hun
dreds of unwanted weeds. Offi
cials say the damage caused by
contaminated seea may oe worse
than if the site had not been
seeded at all. The site will need to
be monitored for many more
years to control any starthistle
simple formula-
be taken at the same time of the
day, preferably in the morning
prior to feeding.
In two demonstrations con
ducted at Texas A & M, a total of
12 horses were taped. The horses
were of Arabian, Quarter Horse
or Thoroughbred breeding and
had actual scale weights ranging
from 725 to 1275 pounds. The tape
measurements and equation un
derestimated actual weight of 5
horses by an average of 15 pounds
and overestimated actual weight
of 5 horses by 12 pounds. One
mare, that was extremely heavy
fronted, deephearted and light
hipped, was overestimated by 150
pounds. The prediction equation
estimated weight of 1 horse ex
actly. Overall, the procedure av
eraged being within - 24 pounds
of actual weight.
In summary, the above men
tioned prediction equation ap
pears tobe a more reliable method
for estimatingweight than visual
observation. The procedure can
be used effectively on many
horses, but may not be
highly accurate for pregnant
Notables-
plants that might pop up.
An ounce of prevention is worth
Water
a pound of weed-free seeds - or
more. "It's better to spend the
dollars up front - before plant
ing," says Jim Cramer of the
ODA's Commodity Inspection
Division. ODA can and does pro
vide regulatory oversight of seed
dealers through sampling and
testing of product as well as au
diting of records. Some compa
nies may end up facing a civil
penalty for selling seed contain
ing a prohibited noxious weed.
But even the most reputable com
panies can find themselves in
trouble with weed seeds if they
don't intensively sample and test
what they have. That's where the
education role comes in for the
ODA.
Purchasers of seed - especially
those involved in habitat restora
tion projects - need to make sure
sampling and testing has been
done. That goes for the farmer or
rancher as well as the big agencies
responsible for large tracts of land.
"Individual landowners probably
can't afford additional sampling
and testing of the seed," says
Cramer. "But at a minimum, they
can ask their supplier for the test
- reports and blending sheets. They
should know the origin of their
seed. Large agencies and munici
palities nave the potential of
spreading noxious weeds in Or
egon." . Another indicator of seed pu
rity is the label. Like any product
sold commercially, the label will
tell the buyer what the package
contains - or at least it is supposed
to. Some weed seeds are not pro
hibited as part of a seed lot, and
therefore may not even be listed
on the label. Cramer advises seed
buyers to never accept seed with
out a label as "the label must state
the variety and kind of each com
ponent in the bag including the
weed seed amount by weight as
well as any noxious weed that
might be in there. The origin, pu
rity, and germination for each
component must be on the label."
All this effort should be done
before the planting of the seed.
Once it is in the ground, any weed
problems are much more costly in
time, effort, and money. Also,
Cramer advises the big seed buy
ers to "bank the good stuff." Once
they find a seed lot that is clean
and effective, make sure, and
stockpile enough of it to last - be
cause every time they go out to
buy seed, they will nave to go
through this whole process again.
mares or for horses with extreme
conformational irregularities, es
pecially very unbalanced horses.
All in all, horse owners should be
able to utilize this simple tool in
better managing horses.
Adapted from Householder,
D.D. and P.G. Gibbs. 1990. A
method demonstration compar
ing visual estimation and use of a
prediction equation to actual scale
weights of horses.
Satellite Event
OSU Ext. hosts a series of
educational satellites developed
by the U.S. Dept. of Education.
Learning Everywhere
-June 20
Program will be offered-P'
floor classroom-Education Bldg.
- 5-6 FM.
Coiitact OSU Ext. 553-3238
if interested Limit: 10.
s J ft - '