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Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudoptwsext
The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information
In aoriculte home economics 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea
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Why do 4-11 clubs require ncimcis.
By Bob Pawckk
A recent horse riding death in Montana
compels me to discuss the reasoning behind
requiring 4-H'ers to wear helmets when horse
back. There have actually been four such incidents
in the past couple of years in that area. Most
profes
sional horsemen would say that these deaths
were probably the result of a foot caught in a
stirrup.
The newspapers reported, "horse trainer
found in pasture with head injuries;" profes
sional rider found along the road with hoof
imprint to the head;" child succumbs to head
injuries from riding accident."
The odds of sustaining a serious head injury
from being bucked or thrown are not very high.
All of the above mishaps occurred on thawed
ground. When your foot is caught in a stirrup,
the first place your body goes is into the hind
feet and flank of your horse. It is not the normal
Dad . This Father's Dav. do vou know
how important you are to your child's well
being? Fathers are involved in their children's
lives in ways that ago well beyond the tradi
tional role of economic provider.
Fathers who work long hours have a limited
' amount of time to spend with their children.
However, though they are absent much of the
time, they may still serve as positive role mod
els for their children. In terms of relative fre
' quency, fathers devote more time to play and
"' provide many forms of affection and comfort to
their children. Contrary to popular belief, fa
thers are not the sole or main disciplinarians of
their children. Particularly in the first 2 years of
life, mothers are more likely to discipline their
child than are fathers. Nevertheless, fathers
share this important role of monitoring and
regulating a child's behavior.
Fathers look out for their children's welfare
in many ways, including ensuring their needs
are being met by outside institutions. A father' s
involvement in his children's school affects
their school performance including higher class
i standing, more enjoyment of school and lower
1 likelihood of failure, suspension or expulsion.
Father also provides a fair amount of behind
the scene support for children. For example,
Class begins June 21
Oregon Wage & Hour Rules require mi
nors under 19 years of age to be certified
before they can operate farm machinery when
hired by farmers or ranchers (There are some
exceptions).
To provide an opportunity for youth who
would not be able to obtain their certificates
through VoAg classes in High School, OS U
Extension Service is taking reservations for
its Central Oregon Farm & Tractor Safety
Training &d Certification Course.
The course will be conducted at the Ma
dras High School VoAg classroom on June
21, 22 & 23, 1999 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. each
day. Class size is limited to 20 students and
only for minors who will be 14 to 17 years
during the upcoming agricultural season.
Youth need to register and pay at theJeff. Co.
Ext. Office by June 17, 1999. Cost is $30.,
For further information or to make
resrvations call 475-3808.
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Why do we have livestock at all?-
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Don't they just eat the food that would be
better utilized by being given directly to
people?
Agricultural animals have always made a
major contribution to the welfare of human
societies by providing food, shelter, fuel,
fertilizer and other products and services.
They are a renewable resource, and utilize
another renewable resource, plants, to pro
duce these products and services. In addi
tion, the manure produced by the animals
helps improve soil fertility and, thus, aids the
Ariene Boileau Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks beanie Johnson
4-H& Youth Livestock Staff Chair, Madras secretary
Bernadette Handley ZackdelNero Sue Ryan
Economics Natural Resources -n Assistant
response of a horse, even a child's trusted
mount, to kick and try to get away. If he's
running down a fence line, your head is going to
come in contact with posts going 30 miles an
hour. Even if you're hung up for only a couple
of jumps, it takes only one kick from a 1,200
pound horse to do irreparable damage.
Most saddlehorses have iron shoes on their
feet.
I am not a proponent of the helmet rule.
Some kids think 4-H is milksop enough without
the added embarrassment of helmets. Sadly,
even a handsome cowboy like me would look
dorky wearing a yellow helmet.
Fashion, however, does seem to contribute
to the issue. I have seen horses shy, unseating
their rider with their boot still wedged in the
stirrup while the rider lands on the ground.
What would have happened had the boot not
come off? Lace-up boots, the latest fad, are not
going to come off, no matter what.
So at least you won't see a pair of those on
my feet. If it were up to me, I would probably
ban the lace-ups and make the helmet optional.
But it's not up to me.
The point here is plain and simple-let's keep
the kids safe.
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HOME SWEET HOME-
By Bernadette Handley, OSU Extension
Home Ec Agent
men can provide a great deal of emotional
support to the mother of their children and help
with the practical care of the child-whether they
live with the mother or not. Fathers may also
provide children with links to extended family
and community resources, which helps teach
children family history as .well as essential
cultural knowledge.
Fathers are more likely to engage children in
play activities while mothers tend to spend
more time in routine care-giving activities.
Further more, the style of play that mothers and
fathers engage in with their children differ, with
fathers engaging their young children in more
physical interaction during play.
So. . ..why not start the summer by leading
your family in activities to boost their health?
More than 60 percent of adults are not regularly
physically active and 25 percent are not active
at all. Moreover, nearly half of children 12-21
years of age are not very active on a regular
basis. Physical activity actually declines as
children become adolescents. A survey con
ducted in 1996 recommended that parents get
involved in their children's physical activities.
Why be more active? Regular physical ac
tivity boosts your mental health because it helps
you resist stress, reduces anxiety and depres
sion, and makes you more alert. It also im
proves physical health by reducing the risk of
What do Warm Springs Parents want from the local 4-H
By Ariene Boileau, OSU Extension 4-H Agent
Please take the time to read and fill out the following survey to better assist the 4-H program to serve you and your families.
Warm Sprjngs 4-H Survey .
A. Describe the kind of 4-H club you would want your children to participate in?.
B. List the day & time you would be willing to have your child in a 4-H Club. .
C. Would you be willing to a 4-H Leader?
If yes list your name and Ph below
Name: .
Street address:.
D. How can the 4-H Program at Warm
Fill out the survey and drop in the box with
Deanie Johnson
nlanK. In some developing countries the
manure cannot be utilized as a fertilizer but
is dried as a source of fuel.
Food is, by far, the most important contri
bution of agricultural animal, although they
rank well behind plants in total quantity of
food supplied. Plants supply over 80 percent
of the total calories consumed in the world.
Animals are a more important source of
protein than they are of calories, supplying
one-third of
the protein consumed in the world. Meat,
milk and fish are about equal sources of
animal protein, supplying, respectively, 35,
34 and 27 of the world supply of total
protein.
There are many who feel that because the
world population is growing at a faster rate
than is the food supply, we are becoming less
and less able to afford animal foods because
feeding plant products to animals is an inef
ficient use of potential human food. It is true
that it is more efficient for humans to eat
plant products directly rather than to al
low animals to convert them to human food.
At best, animals only produce one pound or
less of human food for each three pounds of
plants eaten. However, this inefficiency only
applies to those plants and plant products
that the human can utilize. The fact is that
over two-thirds of the feed fed to animals
consists of substances that are either unde
Warm Springs, Oregon
SU
grant program with OSU United States
The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
Natural Resource
Zach del Nero, Natural Resources Agent
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Mcy man, got any weeds:
Most likely, you do. We are on the edge of
being overrun by another wave of introduced
weeds-and we need your help to stop the
invasion. It has been a wet and cool spring,
and we still have time to knock back some of
the weeds before they flower and set seed.
Spotted knapweed and diffuse knapweed
and two of the worst that we have. Along
your driveway and into your yard andor
pasture you can probably see them right
now-they are dark green, about 1-2 feet tall
standing upright from a single stem. There
are several things you can do with them
now-you can spray them with Roundup (care
ful to read the label before you use it) or you
can simply chop them off with a shovel or
hoe. If you choose the shovel method, you
can just lay them over and leave them, or
rake 'em up and burn them (see Fire Man
agement for a permit FIRST). I must stress to
you that this is an emergency-if we don't act
to stop this weed, it' s gonna bury us. . . .here's
why:
In Montana, Spotted Knapweed has in
vaded sites and reduced elk forage by up to
90
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diabetes and high blood pressure, and may
protect against cancers such as colon cancer.
Regular physical activity involves moder
ately intense activities like walking briskly for
a minimum of 30 minutes on most days, or
shorter sessions of activity that add up to 30
minutes, according to Ellen Schuster, OSU
Extension nutrition and foods specialist. For
instance, says Schuster, breaking the 30 min
utes in to three 10-mjnute segments will meet
your daily goal. Children may need an addi
tional 30 minutes of physical activity on most
days.
Tips for the home: 1) Buy toys or equip-'
ment that promote physical activity, 2) Limit
time spent watching television, videos and
playing computer games, and 3) Use physical
activity rather than food as a reward.
Tips for your own backyard: 1) Run, jog
and walk in a family treasure hunt, 2) Toss
around a ball, 3) Try juggling with your fam
ily, 4) Jump rope, 5) Play Frisbee, 6) Play
basketball, badminton, volleyball, 7) Take the
family pet for a walk and 8) Wash the car.
So, use this Father' s Day as a rallying point
to get your family involved in physical activ
ity. For more family fitness ideas, go to the
following web site: www.shapeup.orgpubli
cations99. tips. for. family. fitness.fun
index.html
If no how would you suggest to recruit leaders? .
Address: P.O
Springs better serve the families of Warm Springs? Please describe:
a big 4-H on it in the Warm Springs Post office
sirable or completely unsuited for human
food. Thus, by their ability to convert ined
ible plant materials to human food, animals
not only do not compete with the human
rather they aid greatly in improving both the
quantity and the quality of the diets of human
societies. ..... ... .
Table 1 presents some statistics mat are
Table 1. Characteristics of Agricultural Land in Various Geographical Regions.
of Total of Agricultural Land in
Total Land that is Cultivated Permanent
Region Land Agricultural Land Pastures
(lOOOsq.mi.) () () ()
World 50,495 35 31 67
Developed
Countries 21,176 36 33 66
Developing .
Countries 29,319 34 29 69
Africa 8.994 37 19 79
Asia 10,334 38 45 53
Europe L826 49 55 38
Oceania 3,254 61 9 91
N.America 7,084 27 46 53
S.America 6,771 31 15 81
U.S.A. 3,524 47 43 56
Source: FAQ Production Yearbook
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notaoies
90 reduction in forage means less
elk-this effects deer and other wildlife just
the same
Knapweed has allelopathic traits-that
means that where it grows, it drops chemi
cals into the soil so that other plants cannot
grow there
Knapweeds are poisonous to livestock
and horses
Knapweeds spread very quickly-they
will be flowering and going to seed within
the next 2-3 weeks. Each plant may carry
50,000 seeds or more
These weeds will overtake root grounds
and other culturally significant plants-eliminating
the foods we have always depended
on
Control programs may take 7-10 years
or more
The Range and Ag Department has led
CTWS efforts against Noxious Weeds for
over 10 years, dedicating scarce monies and
logging thousands of man-hours in control
and survey. We are losing the battle at the
community level-the weed populations in
your yard, your neighbors' yard, and other
public areas are spreading out to the Range
and Forested areas. These weeds move with
Position Announcement
Position: Extension Faculty
4-H Youth Development Education
Rank: Assistant Professor
Tenure
Annual, Tenure Track
Posiiton Available: Immediately
Application Deadline: July 20, 1999
Location: Klamath County (Klamath
Falls)
Background . m
The Extension Office is located m Kla
math Falls, and includes a staff of six faculty
for the agriculture, home economics, for
estry, and 4-H Youth Development programs.
The 4-H Program includes over 700 mem
bers and over 200 volunteer adult leaders.
The Klamath County of today is a mod
ern, progressive area offering economic op
portunities and conveniences often found
only in much more cosmopolitan settings.
Yet still are seen the lakes, rivers, wildlife,
trees and the land.
Position Responsibilities
1 . Provide overall leadership for 4-H Youth
Development programs in Klamath County,
and specific program content leadership for
cluster programs in an area appropriate to
individual background and cluster needs.
Cooperate with subject matter specialists,
other faculty, and other agencies to provide
program support for the cluster.
2. Coordinate and teach workshops, tours,
contests, and training meetings in 4-H project
areas, leadership, and life skills development
based on discussions with cluster 4-H fac
ulty, 4-H Program Leader, and Staff Chair.
3. Provide leadership and educational sup
port for 4-H volunteers as needed to imple
ment club based 4-H Programs, school en
richment, and special interest programs.
Education & Experience Requirements
1. Master's degree required with at least
one degree in youth development, education,
agriculture, home economics, or a closely
related field.
2. Extension and or related educational
experience preferred.
3. Demonstrated teaching, written and
oral communication skills including effec-
City.
Ph
or stop by the OSU Extension Office in the
ignored by those who would suggest that we
can no longer afford the luxury of animal
foods. Only about one-third of the land area
of the world is classified as agricultural.
Thus, roughly two-thirds of the land area of
the world is not suited for any sort of agricul
tural use because it is covered by cites, moun-
June 17, 1999 9
wind as well as on your pickup when you go
out to haul wood or hay, and on your car
when vou head to town or wherever.
The main point is that weed control is
everyone's job. Each Department has a re
sponsibility to control weeds in its own area,
and every community member has the re
sponsibility to control weeds on their own
property. If you have questions about weed
identification or weed control, please con
tact us at the OSU Extension office.
018-842
live use of mass media,
4 Demonstrated ability to work as a team
member with other professionals and volun
teers. 5. Demonstrated ability to successfully
interact with youth 5-19 years of age (Kin
dergarten through 12th grade).
6. Experience in managing volunteer led
programs and an understanding of the role of
program advisory committees.
7. Demonstrated ability to lead groups
and to plan, organize, evaluate, manage, and
delegate details associated with program and
office management.
8. Demonstrated ability to communicate
effectively and develop, deliver and evaluate
programs for a diverse audience of youth and
adults.
9. General knowledge of computers, and
skills for use of word processing and other
data management computer programs.
10. Ability to work independently with
minimal supervision.
Application Procedures
In responding to this announcement, please
refer to the position announcement number.
For full consideration, all materials must be
receivedby July 20, 1999. A complete file
consists of: ' '
1. Resume describing professional expe
rience and education.
2. Copies of all college and university
transcripts.
3. At least three letters of reference. These
should be sent directly to the Personnel Unit
from the writer.
4. A written narrative describing how
your experience, qualifications, and inter
ests have prepared you for this position.
Apply To:
Extension Service Operations Center
Personnel Officer
Oregon State University
108 Ballard Extension Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-3602
Phone: 541-737-3991
Fax: 541-737-4095
E-mail: margaret.phillpott orst.edu
Program ?
. Zip:.
Education Building and leave the survey with
tains, deserts, swamps, snow, etc. Of the 35
percent that can be devoted to agriculture,
less than one-third (or about 10 of the total
land area) can be cultivated and produce
plant products that the human can digest. The
remaining two-thirds of the world's agricul
tural land is covered by grass, shrubs or other
plants that only ruminant animals can digest.
Thus, the inefficiency of animal is not a
major concern since they represent the only
way these plants can be converted to human
food. As the human population of the world
increases, it is likely that we will be forced to
depend more and more on ruminant animals
to meet the increased demands for food.
Thus far, nothing has been said about
monogastric animals. It is true that swine and
poultry can be competitors with the humans
for food if they are produced by the intensive
confinement systems widely practiced in the
developed countries. In fact the highest pro
portion of feed grains and other concentrates,
such as oilseed meals, fed to livestock in the
United States are fed to swine and poultry.
Current grain prices make this profitable.
This obviously could change if grain prices
increase in the future. However, the high
reproductive rate and favorable feed effi
ciency of swine and poultry would keep them
as important contributors to the diets of humans.
. Sun