Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
October 22, 1998 9
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks Deanie Johnson
Livestock Staff Chair. Madras Secretary
SERVICE
BernadetteHandley Zack del Nero Sue Ryan
(503) 553-3238
Home Economics
Natural Resources
4-H Assistant
Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers its programs
and materials equally to all people.
.. I
5
The Clover speaks
by Sue Ryan
4-HNews
The 4-H program has stopped using
the Oregon Hunter Education Manual.
The Oregon De-
partment of Fish and Wildlife produces
this guide and are no longer allowing 4
H to use it. This project area was men
tioned a few issues back as a possible
topic for a science fair project.
The Community Wellness Center will
host its annual Halloween Carnival on
October starting at 6:30 p.m. Stop by the
Depression is not
just "The Blues"
Researchers have known for some time
that depression is related to age. It is
more widespread among younger and
older adults than among middle-aged
adults.
We also know that changes in mar
riage, employment, and economic well
being affect depression, and that women
have higher levels of depression than
men.
According to a study by John
Mirowsky, a sociologist at Ohio State
University, important differences in the
incidence of depression between women
and men emerge at different ages across
the life span. Women are more depressed
than men are at all ages. The gap is
smallest in the twenties, grows in the
thirties and peaks in the mid-sixties.
Mirowsky attributes about half the gen
der gap in depression to marital prob
lems, employment status, childcare
strains and economic hardships.
Depression can catch people unaware,
especially at holiday time, according to
Sally Bowman, OSU Extension family
development specialist. "Depression is
not just 'feeling blue' or feeling sad that
your deceased mother can't be present
during the holidays. Depression is a medi
MONEY MATTERS is a part of the Basic
Living Skills Program of OSU Extension. It
is designed to help participants learn to iden
tify resources-both money resources and
personal, family and community resources,
to identify alternative to buying and to learn
money management techniques. Classes for
the remaining lessons are scheduled as fol
lows: Stretching your dollars October 27
Spending your dollars November 3
Using credit wisely November 10
Contact OSU Ext office 553-3238 for
more details.
MOWi
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Saieto( 1&
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Many of the management techniques
that I talk about are not very practical for
some producers at Warm Springs. There
are, however, several practices that are
-
4-H Gypsy booth to have your fortune
told ! This year the 4-H Gypsies will be
charging one cent to 25 cents per fortune
telling. The money will be for Warm
Springs Elementary to buy school sup
plies for children in need.
That's all the 4-H news for now.
Here are some common sense tips for
Halloween Trick or Treating, courtesy of
the Clemson University Cooperative Ex
tension Service in North Carolina.
Costumes
Be sure your costume is NOT too
long. You don't want to be tripping over
it.
If you wear a mask, be sure you can
see out of it clearly
Consider using FACE PAINT instead
of a mask, because you will be able to see
better.
It is a good idea to wear clothing with
reflective tape.
Carry a white bag for your candy or a
bag with reflective tape on it.
Trick or Treating
. Be sure your parents know where you
are going.
Take along a couple of quarters for
emergency phone calls.
Go with a group or 3 or more people.
HOME SWEET HOME-
By Bernadette Handley, OSU Extension
Home Ec Agent
cal illness that is treatable."
It is caused by a variety of factors.
Symptoms include: loss of interest in
things you used to enjoy, such as music
or sports, feelings of sadness, changed
in eating or sleeping patterns and loss of
energy. A combination of these symp
toms persists nearly every day, all day,
for at least two weeks.
"If you have or someone you are close
to has these symptoms, medical evalua
tion is important because depressive
symptoms can be treated. Sometimes
people experience a few mild but chronic
symptoms. These can also be treated and
help keep the depression from becoming
more severe." '
Help is available for a variety of
sources: 1) your family physical or health
care provider; 2) the local health depart
ment of community clinics; 3) some uni
versity medical centers; or 4) a national
health group. For more information, you
might want to contact: National Foun
dation for Depressive Illness, Inc. (1-800-248-4344)
or National Mental
Health Association (1-800-969-6642).
-Edited from NewsTips, OSU Exten
sion, OctNov 1997
Skeletons aren't
just for Halloween
Sun dried lumber
Oregonians can easily harness enough of
the sun's energy to dry lumber in about four
or five weeks, though it might take a little
longer during a typical western Oregon De
cember, says an Oregon State University
professor.
Using natural gas or electricity for con
ventional lumber drying can cost $25 to $75
per 1,000 yard feet.
The only cost of using a solar kiln is the
electricity for the fans.
Jim Reeb, a wood products specialist
with the OSU Extension Service, built a
trailer-mounted solar kiln so he could ex
periment with drying wood in various areas
of the state. So far he's dried myrtle wood in
Corvallis and western juniper in Klamath
Falls.
"Certainly on the east side of the state
available to everyone; practices that will
influence calf crop numbers positively.
Every producer brings hisher cattle
home for the winter. A plan to consider
is to develop a tightened breeding sea
son, the objective of which is to take
advantage of the green grazing in the
spring when cows are cycling good.
The brood cow has the need for a high
level of energy during breeding to help
her take. Pasture availability and conse
quently energy is usually at its highest
during the spring and lowest during late
fall and early winter. As a result, con
ception rates are highest in the spring.
With a definite calving season, slow
breeders and open cows could also be
identified and culled, which would re
sult in an increased calf crop.
All things considered, conditions are
more favorable for a greater calf crop
when the cows are bred in the spring and
early summer to calve in the late winter
and early spring.
If a breeding season plan sounds like
If you feel unsafe, take along an adult.
Do NOT ride a bicycle. Your costume
could get hung up in it.
Carry a Flash Light.
Walk on a sidewalk.
If a sidewalk is not available, walk on
the left side of the road facing traffic.
Cross busy streets at a intersection or
cross walk
Be sure to look both ways (2 times)
before crossing the street.
Walk, don't run.
Take off your mask while walking
from house to house.
Stay away from Parked Cars.
Be very cautious of STANGERS.
Only stop by houses that have their
front porch light on.
Accept treats only in the doorway.
NEVER go into the house.
Always say "THANK-YOU"
Back Home
Let your parents check your treats
before you eat them. .
NEVER eat unwrapped candy, opened
candy or fruit given to you on
Halloween.
Then DO NOT each too much, or you
may get a stomach ache.
ALWAYS USE GOOD COMMON
SENSE
Although we associate skeletons with
Halloween, the bones that make up our
skeletons need strengthening every day
of the year. Halloween serves as a re
minder that parents can make an impor
tant investment in their family's health,
especially the health of their children.
"Simply follow these quick and easy steps
to take care of your bones by eating the
right foods. These choices not only help
to strengthen the bones of your children
but yours as well" say Ellen Schuster,
OSU Extension nutrition and foods spe
cialist. First, eat foods containing calcium at
family meals and snacks. If young chil
dren and teens see their parents eating
foods with calcium, they are more likely
to eat them, too. High calcium foods
include: low fat or skim milk, yogurt,
cheese and cottage cheese; broccoli;
canned fish with edible bones, such as
sardines and salmon; greens such as kale,
turnip and bok choy; tofu made with
calcium; beans; calcium-fortified foods
such as cereal and orange juice.
Second, eat a varied diet with foods
from all food groups and encourage chil
dren to do the same. Foods other than
dairy products have calcium in them.
Breads and cereals have small amounts
of calcium that add up if you eat the
recommended 6-11 servings each day.
possible even in
during the summer months you could air dry
lumber as fast or faster than in a solar kiln,"
Reeb said. "However, drying lumber too
quickly can cause drying defects such as
cracking and splitting. In addition, exposure
to the elements can discolor the wood."
So even in areas where sunshine isn't an
issue, a solar kiln may help prevent the weath
ering and drying defects that can result from
air drying, he said. Reeb said that the proto
type solar kiln OSU built was relatively small
so it could be moved on a trailer. It can
accommodate about 800 to 1,000 board feet
with a maximum length of 1 8 feet per board.
To make the kiln stationary, it might need to
be larger to accommodate more wood, he
said.
The OSU Extension specialist added that
his design used Plexiglas to make the kiln
a good idea to you, and it ought to, why
not give me a call and we can touch on
the concept in depth.
Always take a
good look at
what you're
about to eat.
It's not so
important
know what it is,
but it's critical
to know what
it was
Natural Resource notables-
by Zach del Nero, Natural Resources
Agent
It's the Land, Stupid!
The following is a summary of the
article "It's the Land, Stupid," originally
Eublished in the October 1998 Indian Ag
ink by the Intertribal Agriculture Coun
cil. In 1998, Tribal government and In
dian communities are under attack again.
A review of history shows only one un
derlying issue in all the efforts of the US
Government to displace Indian people: a
desire to take the land.
Over 200 years ago, when the English
colonies decided to cut their ties with
England and acquire the holdings of the
other European powers, a fundamental
change in the relationship with Indians
took place. This can be attributed to a
change in purpose for the new United
States: the colonies held as their primary
function the gathering and exporting of
the wealth of the country, whereas the
US has as its primary purpose the occu
pation and "settlement" of its territories.
The observable federal policy toward
Native Americans, which emerged early
and continues today, is one of seizing
and occupying the most productive land.
Indians had occupied the continent since
the beginning, with unlimited time to
find and occupy the most productive land
with the best climate, water, transporta
tion routes, and most readily available
resources. Naturally, these were the
Calcium-fortified cereals have even more
calcium in them.
Tips for Increasing
Calcium in your diet
. serve calcium-fortified cereal and
milk or hot cooked cereal made with
milk
drink calcium-fortified orange juice
sprinkle shredded low fat cheese on
a salad
choose cream soups at meals
snack on plain broccoli
use yogurt as a dip
stir fry tofu with broccoli
make meat loaf with added calcium
(add 6 Tablespoons non-fat dry milk
powder for each pound of meat)
serve custard or pudding (add 3
Tablespoons non-fat dry milk powder to
each cup of milk ) for dessert
whip up a shake of yogurt or milk
and fruit or calcium-fortified orange
juice.
So. ..think about increasing the cal
cium in your family s diet on Halloween
and every day for the year. You and your
children's skeletons will thank you for
it.
-edited from NewsTips, OSU Exten
sion, OctNov 1997
winter -
more durable during moves. But small
woodlots could save money and dry more
efficiently by using old glass windows.
The solar kiln includes an insulated box
with fans to help circulate the air. Woodlot
owners not wanting to build one themselves
can purchase commercial solar kilns for
$8,000 to $ 10,000, according to Reeb. Some
can accommodate as much as 10,000 board
feet per load.
A general guideline for installing the so
lar collector part of the kiln for optimum
drying during the summer is to make the
slope of the collector about the same as your
geographical latitude. By increasing the slope
by 10 degrees, you can increase the drying
efficiency during the winter, while only
slightly decreasing the summer efficiency,
Reeb said.
Reeb said people interested in building a
solar kiln can call him to discuss the pros and
cons of drying Oregon tree species. He can
be reached at 541-737-4233.
places where Tribes settled and built vil
lages and towns and cultivated crops.
Unfortunately, these lands were also most
coveted by the new American "settlers."
This overriding policy has been the de
fining element in the relationship be
tween the Tribes and the US Govern
ment, and the major destructive force for
Native American agriculture.
The period of forced removal, treaty
"re-negotiation," reservation reduction,
and seizure of Native lands is well docu
mented and need not be repeated here.
What is important is that as the methods
changed from forced marches and cav
alry action, to allotment and sale, to uni
lateral changes in treaty boundaries, to
condemnation for dams and national
parks, to forced negotiated agreements
for national heritage and monument sites,
to foreclosure processes, to today's ef
forts to remove reservation lands from
Tribal jurisdiction, there has always been
one purpose: To Take The Land.
In the modern world there are more
ways to take the land than there used to
be. The issue now is more one of whom
has control than who has ownership.
Long-term or perpetual easements, use
agreements, and especially leases all
grant control of the land to someone other
than the owner. Extreme care must be
taken in fashioning such agreements so
as to protect, absolutely, the Tribes' con
trol over the land. When the real issue is
protecting the remaining land base there
can be no acceptable negotiation. You
cannot lose "a little bit" of land - you
simply lose.
Let's make a banner and put it in all
our offices in Washington, Tribal Agen
cies and any other place where the In
dian people discuss Indian issues. Let
us print on that banner: "It's the Land
Stupid."
We want you H!
If you have a special
skill to share with a
child, then we are
asking you to be a 4-H.
Leader!
There are many
children that would
love to learn, but no one
to teach them. Please
make a happy memory
by becoming a
4-H leader.
Call Arlene or Sue at
the OSU Ext office at
553-3238
4-H Horse Club
needs leader
Horses and kids are a great match.
What makes the combination even better
is an adult leader who cares about them.
You can make the difference. Want to
know more about what it takes t be a 4
H leader? Basic leader training sessions
will be offered a few more times this
year:
Upcoming 4-H Leader Instruction:
Saturday, November 14th-1 0:30 a.m
Wednesday, November 1 8th-5:30p.m.
Saturday, December 12th-10:30 a.m.
Wednesday, December I6th-5:30p.m
Adults interested in becoming 4-H
Leaders can attend the training on one of
these dates or call to make an appoint
ment with Sue or Arlene. Ill's a good idea
to come in before the training to do a sit
down visit with us. There is some mini
mal paperwork involved before you get
started with your club.
Stop by the 4-H office at 1 1 10 Wasco
Street in the Education Center or call
553-3238.
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