Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
September 24, 1998 11
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Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks Deanie Johnson
Livestock Staff Chair. Madras Secretary
BernadetteHandley Zack del Nero Sue Ryan
Home Economics
Natural Resources
4-H Assistant
(503) 553-3238
Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.
A
- i Mr w
The Clover speaks-
Natural Resource notables-
Who says Volunteers never get
thanks? This phrase is emblazoned
across the top of a bright red and
yellow poster outside the 4-H office.
The poster is advertising the 1999
Prudential Spirit of Community
Awards for 4-H Youth Volunteers.
The 4-H office has applications and
here are the details about this award
program from a press release.
The search is on in America's
middle-level and high schools, Girl
Scout councils, and 4-H to select and
honor top youth volunteers, and to
nominate them for statewide and na
tional recognition in the fourth an
nual Prudential Spirit of Community
Awards program.
The awards, sponsored by Pruden
tial in partnership with the National
Association of Secondary School
Principals, honor outstanding com
munity service by young people in
middle-level and high school grades.
More than 30,000 students have been
considered forthese awards since the
program began.
Two students from each state, the
District of Columbia and Puerto Rico
will be named state-level honorees
next February. Each receives $ 1 ,000,
a silver medallion, and a trip to Wash
ington for recognition events in May,
where America's top ten youth vol
unteers of the year are named. They
each receive an additional $5,000 , a
gold medallion and a crystal trophy
for their schools or youth organiza
tions. Three 4-H members were among
the 1998 top ten youth volunteers of
the year: Aubyn Burnside of Hickory,
N.C., Michael Harris, of Arapaho,
Okla., and Jason Jones, of Columbus,
Ga. Eleven others were among the
104 State Honorees.
Aubyn, 13 founded a program that
collects and distributes used suitcases
for children in foster care after learn
ing that the belongings of kids being
moved from one foster home to an
other are usually placed in garbage
bags. Her program "Suitcases for
Kids" has collected almost 4,500 suit
cases and is expanding to other states.
Michael, 18, started "Environmen
tal CPR (Conserve, Preserve, Re
serve)" to establish numerous recy
cling projects and promote conserva
tion awareness. He estimates that al
most half a million people have been
reached with his message of environ
mental conservation, and more than
22,000 pounds of landfill items have
been recycled.
4-H has joined the search for the
1999 top youth volunteers to enter
the Prudential Spirit of Community
Awards program.
Local 4-H programs now have the
opportunity to nominate their 4-H
members for state and national rec
ognition. The deadline is October
30th.
In 1998, fourteen 4-H members
were among the 104 State Honorees,
three of whom were honored as Na
tional Honorees while in Washing
ton. For information on the Prudential
Spirit of Community Awards visit
the Warm Springs 4-H office or call
1-800-253-7746 extension 324.
THE PRUDENTIAL
SPIRIT OF COMMUNITY AWARDS
A six-week course will be offered
jointly with the MONEY 2000 program
to enhance money management skills.
The first session is scheduled for Sep
tember 29 from 6:30 - 8 PM. Contact
OSU Ext office 553-3238 for more
details.
More than 600 awards
Each state's top middle-level and high school youth volunteer
receives $ 1 ,000, a silver medallion and a trip to Washington, D.C.,
for recognition ceremonies
In Washington, America's top five middle-level and five high
school volunteers of the year are named, each receiving $5,000,
a gold medallion and trophy
Prudential, In partnership with the National Association of Secondary School Principals
Supported by National 4-H Council
by Zach del Nero Natural
Resources Agent
Starthistle Control
Recently, I have published several
articles in the Spilyay about noxious
weeds. The CTWS Department of
Natural Resources has targeted one
weed in particular, Yellow Starthistle,
as a high priority for control. The
following is a summary of a Univer
sity of California Cooperative Ex
tension release by Livestock & Farm
Advisor Glenn Nader and Weed Spe
cialist Joseph DiTomaso.
It has been estimated that a stand
of starthistle can produce 50-200
million seeds per acre. It only re
quires about 2 million seeds per acre
to repopulate that stand the next year.
There is a difference of opinion on
the viability of starthistle seed. Idaho
researchers found that it persisted for
10 years, while others have found
99.5 germinate in three years. Ex
posure to increased sunlight causes
more germination. This is why dis
turbance in an area can produce more
starthistle seedlings while heavy
cover decreases the number of plants
observed. Starthistle's deep tap root
allows it to be very effective at har
vesting moisture. Research at Sierra
Foothill and Extension Center has
calculated that 8 inches of the avail
able 12 inches of moisture (66) was
used up by the starthistle. This means
that it will take more rainfall to satu
rate soils on rangeland sites occupied
by starthistle. Although the toxic con
stituent of starthistle for horses is
unknown, the entire plant is appar
ently toxic, either fresh or dried. A
large quantity (600 pounds) must
be eaten, typically over a period of 1
3 months, before poisoning is evi
dent. Review of Control Methods
Successful control of starthistle by
mowing depends on both proper Urn
multiple mowing. Mowing too early
stimulates starthistle growth. To be
effective, mowing must cut below
Sun
Waters -y Land
the lowest branch of the main stem.
Researchers have been experiment
ing with fire to control starthistle at
the early flowering stage. A single
year (July 7) treatment was unsuc
cessful. The fire is fueled by the dry
annual grasses and girdles the green
starthistle plant. After the second year
of treatment there was an 85 reduc
tion in starthistle coupled with an
increase in native forbs (in this case).
After the third treatment there was a
96 control of starthistle. A single
year of absence of burning has at
iowed the starthistle greatly rebound.
This has illustrated the dynamics of
the seed and repopulation by
starthistle. ;
Yellow starthistle is difficult to
control with postemergent herbicides.
This is primarily due to the ability of
starthistle seeds to germinate through
out multiple seasons. Effective strat
egies with postemergent herbicides
(such as 2,4D) are expensive, increase
herbicide loads at these sites, and
may prove ineffective should late
season rains occur. Glyphosate is an
effective tool in a follow-up stategy
to prevent escapes from producing
seed. The use of glyphosate is not
ing and plant growth form. Erect, i recommended when desirable peren-
high branching plants are effectively
controlled by a single mowing at early
flowering (2-5 flower), while
sprawling low branching plants were
not satisfactorily controlled even my
A
HOME SWEET HOME-
By Bernadette Handley, OSU Extension
Home Ec Agent
And so the question was asked: shops I develop.
Why did you decide to use the teepee That brings me to my column. The
and the house graphic for your col- graphic of a home represents the
umn? Good question.... I believe I source of topics for educational pro
have a good answer. gramming-issues dealing with the
As an Extension Home Economics home"-family development, food
Agent, 1 am expected to present and
apply the principles of home eco
nomics 10 me neeas or me commu
nity in which I work. In the Warm
SDrines community, this resnonsibil-
ity is heightened by the essence of
preparation, financing. It is a sen
sible choice-it is even in the job title
of Home Economics Agent. The
graphic of the teepee represents the
traditions and values that individual
ize Warm Springs. Only through in-
the community itself. It is enriched corporating ooth of these areas do I
because there is more history, more
family ties, more sharing and more
culture.
To educate the community of
Warm Springs on home economics
alone without tying in the culture
and the values that are so much apart
envision my service meeting the needs
of this community., your community.
Home Ec Advisory Committee
Home Economics Advisory Com
mittee held its monthly meeting on
September 3 and discussed future
program plans. A Workshop for
of every one's life here would be a Working Women is tentatively sched
great disservice to you as an indi- uled for late October and the Home
vidual and to the community. My Alone and Prepared (HAP) program
vision is to include the values, be- is targeted for early November. I
liefs and customs of the Tribe into wouldlike to welcome Dan Brisbois
the information I share and the work- as a wonderful addition to our com
mittee and acknowledge his partici
pation. Raising Grandkids: a love story
In a perfect world, grandparents
would never have to step in to keep
their grandchildren safe. But at a time
when many grandparents are looking
forward to retirement, others are re
visiting a routine of diaper changes
and parent-teacher conferences.
Intimate profiles of five "grand"
families are featured in a heartwarm
ing new documentary "Raising
Grandkids: a love story which pre
mieres October 5 at 1 1 PM on KOAB
Channel 3. "Raising Grandkids" goes
beyond the statistics to chronicle the
sacrifices, challenges and joys expe
rienced by grandparents who become
the primary caregiver for their grand-
Salmon, Season
Is it safe to process seafoods in a
boiling water canner?
No.The temperature must be above
the boiling point of water to destroy
Clostridium botulinum spores. If you
don't process seafoods in a pressure
canner, these spores will grow and
produce the toxin that causes botu
lism. Is it safe to leave salt out of
canned seafood?
Yes. Salt is added only as a flavor
ing. Add an amount that's suitable
foryour own taste.
Glasslike crystals sometimes form
in canned salmon. Are they harmful?
No. These crystals of magnesium
ammonium phosphate are safe to eat.
There's no way for the home canner
children. The program seeks to raise to prevent their formation, but they
awareness of these families' unique usually dissolve when heated,
situations and special needs, and to For more information on canning
stimulate reflection on the meaning seafoods, contact the Extension of-
of family, responsibility and love. fice at 553-3238.
nial grasses or broadleaf species are
present.
A number of selective or non-selective
preemergence herbicides will
control starthistle, but only Transline
(clopyralid) can be used on range
lands and pastures ;
Long Term Control.
Any control approach should be
continued for at least three years to
reduce the yellow starthistle
seedbank. Whenever possible, every
effort should be made to expose and
infested site to high light during ger
mination. This will increase the rate
of germination and deplete the
seedbank more rapidly. Fall or win
ter grazing, burning, or mowing will
provide increased soil surface light
By comparison, tillage will bury seed?
and prolong the dormancy period. The
presence of high populations of biof
logical control agents (weevils antf
flies) does not appear to significantly
impact yellow starthistle populations
when used as the sole means of con;
trol. However, the presence of these
organisms in combination with
Transline applications may provide a
more long-term or sustainable con
trol. Although no evidence is yet
available to support this integrated
approach, landowners are encouraged
to sustain high levels of the biocontrdl
organisms.
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP:Afew Oregon feed library available-
f
I.
IN
.t
M aU II
iii ii
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Winter feeding costs put Oregon beef
producers at an economic disadvantage.
Beef cattle producers in the Western
United States, including Oregon, com
pete at an economic disadvantage rela
tive to other regions in North America
because of relatively high winter feed
costs. Feeding 1.5 to 2.5 tons of hay to
mature cows during the winter feeding
period can represent more than 50 of
the producer's input costs. The ability of
cow-calf producers to compete with other
regions of North America may relate to
how effectively winter feed costs can be
reduced while maintaining acceptable
levels of beef cattle production.
Accurate forage analysis is critical to
profitable winter feeding programs. It
has long been recognized that book value
nutrient analyses for forages grown in
other parts of the country do not accu
rately represent Oregon forages. To for
mulate winter beef diets, analyses for
Oregon produced forages are needed.
Therefore, over 30 forages grown in
Oregon were selected for extensive
analysis by researchers from Oregon
State University. These forages were
evaluated for protein, energy, fat, fiber,
and mineral content. In addition, the OSU
research team has also compiled dry
matter, crude protein and acid detergent
fiber results from hay surveys of over
400 forage samples to create the Oregon
Forage Library.
How do I use the Oregon Forage
Library?
Oregon livestock agents have fur
nished complete analyses of 32 Oregon
forages in TAURUS format. Ideally, pro
ducers should have their own forage
tested each year for dry matter, crude
protein, and acid detergent fiber. Com
pare their forage analysis with this table
and use the estimates of energy for beef
cattle (TDN, NEm and NEg) and the
other analyses to formulate the rations.
This information is in the format used in
the TAURUS program. The mineral
analyses are also included on this table.
Averages and ranges of forages for
which we had multiple samples are in
cluded. The DM for the forages are all
stated as 90 with a range of 88 to 92. If
you do not have a forage analysis avail
able, pick out the feed that most closely
describes the producer's growing condi
tions and then turn to Tables I and 2 for
estimates of chemical analyses. The nu
trient requirements for various classes
of cattle are available from several
sources including text books, the Cow
Calf Management Handbook and sev
eral computer ration formulation pro
grams. We chose to use a theoretically-based
model that could be used for legume and
grass forages, as well as byproduct feeds
and heat-damaged forages. The OARDC
Prediction Model was developed at Ohio
State University by Conrad in 1984 and
revised by Weiss (1992). Forages are
analyzed for protein, fat, soluble carbo
hydrates and fiber fractions and results
are summed to estimate the energy. In
stead of using ADF to predict TDN, a
complication equation is used that in
cludes analysis of crude protein, protein
bound to the ADF, ether extract, neutral
detergent fiber, lignin, protein bound to
NDF, and ash (Weiss, 1995). The TDN
values were converted to NEg and NEm
by using a conversion table in the Beef
Cow Ration Balancer from Kansas State
University Extension Service.
Wanted:
4-H Leaders!!!!!
Male andor female, filling
to teach a skill or craft to
children. You pick the age
group to work with, the
days & times to meet the
length of the class & the
number of children in each
class. It can be short-term or
spread out throughout the
year. Also it can be anything
you to teach, sports, crafts,
home ec, etc. etc
The 4-H office can help
with some supplies or a
location to meet
Please contact Arlene or Sue
at the OSU Extension Office
if you are interested
553-3233.
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