Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
May 21, 1998 7
Wasco lessons-
3h
r
PLURALS IN WASCO
Ixtba Wigwa
Monday
In general, Wasco nouns form the plural by:
-changing the prefix; andor
-adding a plural suffix.
There are no hard-and-fast rules which predict
how a Wasco noun will form a plural. There are,
however, a few general patterns.
Plurals formed by changing the noun prefix; the
prefixes most commonly used to mark the plural
are It-and it-:
ak'i'nulmat
itk'fnutmat
warn, i
i
J?
ipkwa"
itpkwamax
wildcat :
wildcats
C
icwaa
icwa'amax
puppy
puppies
ishp'&u
itchp'aumax
ball
balls
itqwti
itqwtimax
house
houses
pen, pencil
pens, pencils
f
ich'&nk
:itch'6nk
deer
deer plural (pi)
tunba Wigwa
Wednesday
More, plurals formed by changing the prefix and
'V?
igunat
itgunat
salmon
salmon pi
adding a suffix:
waskciq
itska'amax
wachfn
ip'dugila
itp'ugila
3
snowbird
snowbirds
bracelet
bracelets
dentalium
... :i.!i,:x
Iftilll
itRttit
clothing
garments
ichinmax.
dentalia
mm
ft' . ; '
ak'ukup
itk'ukup
alashfsh
illashish
ikshwui
Hkshwui
hat
hats
chair
chairs
bark container
containers
Makwshtba Wigwa
Tuesday
Plurals formed by changing the prefix and add
ing a suffix:
isik'nxat cornhusk
bag
itsik'nxatks cornhusk bags
ikwshxt mouth
itkwshxatksh mouths
Laktba Wigwa
Thursday
Only a very few nouns form the plural by adding
a suffix, some plurals are formed by adding the
suffixes: -max, -ksh, and -ks.
-max is never used with people;
-ksh or -ks are rarely used with nouns
representing objects without life.
I i""
Uf
! akwa" fq
itkwalqmax
igunat
itgunatmax
sally bag
sally bags
1
bar ' fcr1
w
II
iduiuha
iduihamax
Ah
44 i
steer
steers
1 1 l if
salmon fK
salmon pi S4
aduiha
aduihamax
.4
'A! Ui
cow, cattle
cows
it'augiia snowbird
itp;augilamax snowbirds
36
ipsiq
ipsiq'uks
redhawk
redhawks
Gwnmaba Wigwa
Friday
Some nouns change their stem in forming the
plural with a change in prefix and added suffix:
ikala
itkaluksh
man
men
ikiutan horse
itkyudanyuksh, iHses,,,,,,,,, ....
A few nouns representing people use an entirely
different stem in the plural:
Mm
agagilak
idnmshksh
woman
women
ik'ashkash
itqiyalksh
boy
boys
ak'ashkash girl
idligwamshksh girls
mm
June '98
1 2 3 U 5 6
Wasco
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Suhaptin
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
5aiut i
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Suhaptin
28 29 30
)Vasci