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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 12, 1998)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon February 12, 1998 11 Clint Jacks ' Staff Chair, Madras Ag & Natural Resources r(MnrwTAn UNMnm Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth Home Economics Bob Pawelek Livestock Sue Ryan 4-H Assistant CVTlCKlcirwki (503) 553-3238 Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs and materials equally to all people. ''' The Clover speaks- by Sue Ryan 4-H Program Assistant The Public Safety Cadets and Warm Springs Country Critters were the two clubs that showed up for 4-H Recognition Day on January 24th. Wefd like to thank their mem bers for coming to this event. The 4-H office generally holds recognition day in the fall, but it was pushed back this year because of other happenings going on. Leader Trainings have been set for Winter 1998. This is a mandatory, beginning train ing that covers several aspects of being or becoming a 4-H Leader. These will be of fered each quarter and are open to new lead ers, old leaders and anyone interested in knowing more about the 4-H program. They are only one hour in length and will be offered multiple times. Trainings will be held on: February 25th 1-2 p.m. March 2nd 6-7 p.m. March 11th 4 -5 p.m. All trainings will be held at the 1st floor training room of the Education Building. Disabled access is available by coming through the center doors of the Culture & My Favorite Recipe Welcome to My Favorite Recipe, a new column on the O.S.U. Exten sion page. The staff decided we needed to keep a corner for Home Ec going on the page until our new home economist is hired. So, we have cre ated this recipe corner. We are ask ing people in the community to send in their favorite recipes to the Exten sion Office to print in the paper. You can bring them in to the office on the 1 st floor of the Education building or mail them to P.O. Box 430, Warm Springs, Or 97761. We do prefer to name our source so please include your name along with the recipe. If you have a history of how the recipe came to be or anecdotes to tell about it, go ahead and include them. We start this first column off with a recipe from our own Scrapplegant sow belly by Bob Pawelek 12 lb salt pork 12 cup corn meal 12 cup cold water The OSU Extension staff wishes you a Happy Valentine's Day and safe President's Day! STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Understanding by Bob Pawelek OSU Livestock Agent Providing a pragmatic system to effi ciently utilize rangelands requires some in sight into the animal's own point of view. Once ranchers and managers understand the common behaviors of ruminants, they can better deal with range managcmcnt.The ru minant animal has the capability of convert ing plant fiber (cellulose) to energy for body maintenance and growth. However, all ani mals do not utilize fiber with the same effi ciency and use different tactics to obtain nutrients from a forage resource. First, all ruminants have basically the same needs and all employ the same basic approach to har vesting food from the landscape.AIl animals have three basic needs, in order of impor Heritage Office. Topics will include: How to Get Started, Your Role & Responsibility, Planning, Project Material, What to do with a great idea that doesnft fit into a project area, Recruitment & Registration, The Housekeep ing Duties of 4-H -Membership, Insurance, Van Use and Materials. If you want to come but these times donft work for you - contact me at the 4-H office and I will arrange for a separate time. I want to welcome aboard a new leader -Bertson Simtustus. He will be leading a 4-H Horse Club that will be for 4-H members in the 4th grade -12th grade. His first meeting is set for Friday, February 13th at 6:00 p.m. at the Education Center. Bertson intends to teach everything about horses, from groom ing and care to riding. If you have questions about signing up for the 4-H Horse project then call 553-3238. I met with the Public Safety Cadets at the Firehall to talk about opportunities in 4-H. This 4-H group is busy planning out their training calendar through June. They are looking ahead to training in rappelling and Whitewater rafting this spring. RaNeva Dowty heads up the group and is integrating Junior Leadership into their meetings. If you are already looking ahead on the calendar here are some upcoming 4-H dates of events that might interest you: Warm Springs 4-H Calendar Feb. 13, 6 p.m.-Horse Club meeting Feb. 25, 1 p.m.-Leader Training Mar. 2, 6 p.m.-Leader Training Mar. 11, 4 p.m.-Leader Training June 15-19,-Tri-County Camp July 9,10,11, -Hike Camp I July 14,15,16-Camp Counselor Trg July 22-25,-Jefferson County Fair July 27-3 1 .-Culture Camp Aug. 5-9,-Tri-County Camp Aug. 20,21,22,-Hike Camp II (Home Ec corner) 2 more cups of water (for boiling) flour oil for frying Wash salt pork well, getting off all or most of the outside salt. Dice it up, place in skillet over a low fire and fry ' until brown. , i v 1 Mix corn meal and cold water. Stir into the 2 cups boiling water. Add a little salt-but be careful-the meat is already kind of salty. Simmer until thick-or until it sorta plops when the bubbles burst (you know when mush is done, for good ness sake), add the bits and pieces of side meat, pour into a shallow pan and set it somewhere to cool. When itfs cold, cut into squares, dredge in flour (helps hold this mess together) and brown in oil. Great for breakfast with sorghum syrup, or for supper, serve it with your favorite gravy. Probably not recommended by any home economist anywhere any more. tance: Water Thermal regulation (keep ing warm) FoodRuminants also need: TimeWhy time? Rumination is the mecha nism by which cattle, sheep and deer process their food after harvesting it. Time is re quired for this process to occur, and to allow room in the rumen for the next meal. At some point in the grazing process, nightfall arrives and this limits grazing to localized areas. Ruminants have evolved as prey, and have an organized social behaviors to strengthen their chances for survival.Therefore, night time grazing is restricted due to this social behavior. Animals have a need for complete rest, however cattle seldom sleep for longer than 30 minutes at a time, with rest occurring along with rumination.When eating a plant in a given landscape, the animal has gone through a methodical process which begins either at a water source or the bedding site. Since most ruminants are herd animals, the dominant animals with the highest physi ological need will initiate a hierarchical be havioral trigger. When water and thermal needs are fully met, the herd will then begin to select certain plants within the landscape.Animals will select sites that will do their physiological needs the most good in the shortest amount of time. Research has been done on intake rates attained by ani mals, and is categorized by the amount of food that can be ingested per minute of grazing. This process is called, "profitability ."Whenever you drive past a herd of cattle, nine times out of ten you will see them all fat ing one direction. This is because their grazing pattern is directional. Animals will move in one general direction Natural ResourceAgriculture opening Oregon State University Extension Service Position Announcement 018-790 Position: Extension Faculty, Natural Resources and Agriculture Rank: Instructor at Bacheloris level, Assistant Professor at Master's level Position Available: Immediately Duration: Fixed Term Application Deadline: Until position filled Location: Jefferson County, Warm Springs Indian Reservation GENERAL INFORMATION This position is available on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation located in Jefferson and Wasco Counties. The Oregon State University Extension Service at Warm Springs is funded annually by Oregon State University under a contract with the Confed erated Tribes of Warm Springs.This pro gram has been operational since 1957.The Tribes have excellent leadership and exten sive interests in tourism, natural resource and industrial development. There are ap proximately 4,000 individuals living on the reservation. The Warm Springs Extension office conducts community development educational programs in 4-H Youth Devel opment, home economics, and agriculture. In addition, faculty from other Central Or egon counties conduct Extension forestry and energy Programs on the Reservation. Personnel in the office include four faculty, a program assistant and secretary. The Ex tension office is responsible to the Tribal Education Branch Manager and Extension Staff Chair. It is desirable that the applicant for this position be Native American andor have a desire and willingness to share cultures. The Warm Springs Extension Office is one of two offices in the county. The other office is located in Madras, the county seat. Educational programs are closely coordi nated and delivered respecting the needs of the communities. , .'; The weather in the northern Central Or egon area features four distinct seasons with warm summers, cool winters and many clear, sunny days. The region is noted for its out standing beauty and year-round recreational opportunities including hunting, fishing, ski ing, windsurfing and hiking. Warm Springs is 100 miles, southeast of Portland, and 60 miles north of Bend, the largest city in Cen tral Oregon.' 01,11 ' , "-iJ: -' : The faculty member will have an appoint ment in an appropriate OSU academic unit. POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Provide overall leadership for the de sign, delivery and evaluation of Extension educational programs in natural resources and agriculture that meet the needs of the Warm Springs people and the Confederated Tribes. Specific emphases will be placed on: coordination and implementation of ho listic natural resource management. improving grazing practices cultural plant protection and enhance- Income Tax changes for 1997- The 1 997 Tax Relief Act (TRA97) has been proclaimed by President Clinton and Congress to be a great benefit to all taxpayers. The Act does contain many benefits specific to ag riculture and all taxpayers in general, but be aware of the fine print. Many of the benefits phase in gradually over the next ten years and many taxpayers will not meet the strict tax benefit requirements. It all sounds great, but truly, the "devil is in the details". A summary report titled: "1 997 Tax animal needs- and alter their course only when they en counter plant communities of differing prof itability. They speed up over ground where plants are not as profitable, or if it's getting hot, the need for thermal regulation takes over and they head for shade or water, since this is a higher need at the time. Cattle tend to take their time over more profitable plants in their particular pasture. AS GRAZING PROFITABILITY DECREASES, GRAZ ING VELOCITY INCREASES. Dispersed patches of profitable plants will cause the animal to move more as long as the energy obtained from those plants exceed the energy costs of the animal. We know that cattle like grasses, but will eat browse, deer like forbs but eat a lot of browse while goats will eat browse first but grasses when highly abun dant. Why do these ruminants show such different selectivity for the different food groups? The principle answer can be found in the effect of natural selection. All rumi nants use an "optimal approach" to grazing, that is, expending the least amount of energy to gain the most energy to meet physiologi cal and reproductive nceds.To meet this goal, different ruminants have adapted different tactics due to differences in their anatomy and metabolism.Thc presence of these dif ferent fiber sources af fect the rate at which the nutrients can be released to the rumen during the fermentation and digestion phase. Grasses generally have slower rates of diges tion in the rumen, but a higher extent of digestion than brow se. When consumed, forbs have the highest rate and extent of digestion of all the food groups.Grasses arc high in lignin. browse is high in cell contents as w ell ment noxious weed awareness and control recycling opportunities and benefits providing opportunities for individuals to learn about home horticulture 2. Assist in community development pro grams with special focus on bringing the resources of Oregon State University to bear on opportunities at Warm Springs as out lined in the signed Memorandum of Under standing between the Confederated Tribes and Oregon State University. Assist in the development of the community integrated resource management plan. 3. Provide leadership for the 4-H Youth natural resources project area on the reserva tion. This work requires close coordination with the lead 4-H Youth Development Ex tension faculty. 4. Develop positive working relationship with Tribal Branches and departments, Bu reau of Indian Affairs, Tribal Council and Committees, Tribal Elders and community members. 5. Involve producers, Extension special ists, researchers, clientele and appropriate others (departments, elders) in defining pri ority issues to be addressed by the position. Evaluate impacts of Extension teaching and educational programs. 6. Develop program awareness and pro vide subject matter programming through effective use of radio, newspapers, newslet ters, group presentations, home visits, con sultations, displays, posters and fact sheets. 7. Participate actively as a team member in all Extension educational programs with specialists, administrators, faculty, and sup port staff to the Warm Springs and Jefferson County Extension Offices. 8. For an appointment as an Assistant Professor, University scholarship expecta tions require the integration and application of new knowledge and research results in natural resource and agriculture issues of importance to Warm Springs citizens. It is expected that programs delivered will have measurable results which benefit the Tribes and is utilized by peers. The Extension fac ulty member will have an appointment in the most appropriate academic unit. EDUCATION & EXPERIENCE RE QUIREMENTS 1. Bachelorfs degree(Master's preferred) with at least one degree in natural resources, rangeland resources or agriculture. Working Relief Act, Impacts on' American Farmers and Ranchers" by Mike Hardin, Extension Economist at Oklahoma State University is now available at each Extension Office in Central Oregon. This excellent ten page report will be available electronically at the Jefferson County Home Page: http: www.orst.edudeptjcext or in print form at the Jefferson County Exten sion Office (475-3808). Among the topics covered in the summary are: as lignin, while forbs are high in cell contents and highly digestible cellulose. Since these different food groups are constant, why aren't they consumed as such? All else being equal, it seems that goats, cattle and deer should eat the same foods. This is not the case because different ruminants possess different rumen and prehensile anatomies.Cattle eat grasses, which require a longer time in the rumen to garner the calories needed for the fermenta tion process. Their larger rumen volume al lows greater fermentation capacity suitable for grasses. Because of their larger body size, their nutrient requirements are lower, but total nutrient requirements have to be highcr.Cattle have to travel 2 to 4 miles in 8 to 12 hours each day to harvest 20 to 30 lbs of dry matter. The greater the moisture con tent, the more forage that must be harvested to sustain those dry matter requirements. It would take an even longer time for cattle to harvest adequate quantities of forage and browse to meet their nutrient requircments.The smaller rumen volume body weight ratio of selective feeders like deer allow them to consume more highly digestible cellulose, that is, plant material that has high cell contents. Deer digest these cell contents rapidly and move the indigest ible fiber through the GI tract faster than catlle.Thcrcfore, the rvbw ratio is a good anatomical feature to use to determine ten dencies toward consumption of the primary food groups. The smaller the ratio, the faster the rate of passage and the greater reliance on plants with high cell contents.Cattlc travel less from w atcr and w ill not traverse rough or steep terrain as well as sheep or goats. How ¬ background in range management, livestock, production and rnaural resources highly de sirable. 2. Successful professional experience in .' informal educational programs or related community programs. 3. Experience working directly with Na tive American communities or other cultures ,' and have a desire and willingness to work on a reservation. 4. Proven ability to plan, organize and ( deliver informational educational programs to diverse audiences. Evidence of ability to , work with minimum supervision. 5. Evidence of good verbal and written : communication skills including use of radio and newspaper. 6. Successful experience working with , diversity of personalities and points of view , and as a team member. OTHER REQUIREMENTS Personal car for travel. Official mileage is ; . reimbursed at twenty-eight cents per mile. , EMPLOYMENT STATUS, SALARY, AND FRINGE BENEFITS ; Extension staff receive appointment to the Oregon State University faculty with full academic rank and privileges. Promotion of Extension faculty will require evidence of ' Extension teaching, peer-level scholarly ac-' complishment and successful job perfor-.' mance. Beginning salary will be commensu-' rate with professional qualifications. Ben- efits will include federal or state retirement; health, life and dental insurance group plans; annual and sick leave. , APPLICATION PROCEDURES Submit data listed below. A complete file consists of: 1. Personal data resume or vita of educa-. tion and professional experience. ; 2. Transcripts of all college and university work. . i .: ' : 3. At leastthreeletters of reference. These letters should be sent directly to the Person nel Officer from the writer. 4. A written narrative describing how your experience, qualifications and interests ' have prepared you for this position. APPLY TO: Irma Sargent, Personnel Officer 106 Ballard Extension Hall Oregon State University Corvallis, Or 97331-3613 j Phone 541-737-3991 Fax 541-737-3993 Child tax credit Education IRAs Education incentives Savings and Investment incen tives Sales and personal residences Alternative minimum tax Estate tax in several categories Livestock sales Income averaging Self-employed health insurance deductions Home office'deductions. ever, none of these herbivores, whether they are cattle, mule deer, elk or goats, prefer the same forage resource. Therefore, stocking rate should also reflect proper balance of animal numbers and the supply of their pre ferred food groups.Goats and deer both have small body sizes in relation to cattle and elk, lower dry matter requirements, and their prehensile lips and agility allows them to ravel more in a landscape in search of high quality food items. You may notice the fact that I choose not to compare sheep with the other ruminants. Sheep are just strange crit ters, first of all, the moment they are born, they are looking for a reason to die. sec ondly, theireating habits simply do not match up with what I am trying to present here. Their rumen volume is similar to cattle (for their size) but nutrient requirements are higher. Sheep tend to eat a lot of grass but will select high quality forbs at other times, but not simply because grass dries up. I've seen sheep turn up their noses at good young grass and head straight for skunk cabbage. Landscapes having complex vegetation types offer the manager an opportunity to stock mixed animal populations and increase total animal production. Hatfield's Hi Desert Ranch is considering goats to corxol young juniper. In the Mesquite Blackbrush range land of South Texas, ranchers have increased their stocking by 25 through the addition of goats and setting aside sections of range land to be used as hunting Icases.In sum mary, understanding the needs of diverse herbivores can lead to greater stability of managing rangelands. i