Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
January 23, 1998 9
r omocN nxn unmmitv
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Home Economics
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Ag & Natural Resources
service
(503) 553-3238
Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers its programs
and materials equally to all people.
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
Warm Springs 4-H Program Assistant
The year is starting off slowly for the 4-H
Program. Here are some details on two re
gional events for 4-H members and leaders
coming up in the months ahead.
In late winter and early spring 1 998, there
will be offered two rounds of regional train-
ing sessions, one for Home Economics Lead
ers and Judges and one for Expressive Arts
Leaders and Judges. The content of the train
ing sessions is sufficiently different and it
would be beneficial to leaders to attend both
trainings if you work in both project areas.
Both new and experienced leaders and
judges can expect to benefit from these train
ing sessions.
The skills portion of the training will
focus on developmental stages of children
and how those stages influence interview
judging. Home Economics sessions will pro
vide an overview of the upcoming curricu
lum changes which will affect all projects
and how members, leaders, and judges can
become involved in the curriculum develop
ment process. Also provided will be very
specific updates in each of the Home Eco
nomics projects, including 1998 State Fair
changes, identification of new resources for
leaders, and the new judging contest struc
ture in clothing and foods.
Expressive Arts training will provide an
opportunity for in-depth update in two of six
break-out sessions. The Home Economics
training is one joint training for leaders and
judges, the Expressive Arts training focuses
on leaders and judges for the first day and
judges only for the second day. Anyone
willing to pay the fee may attend the second
day, but only as part of the two day package.
Individuals who do not attend the first day
will not be permitted to attend the second
day, regardless of fee payment.
Individuals wihsing to be listed on the
Home Economics or Expressive Arts Jduges
Lists maintained by the State 4-H Office
need to attend the appropriate training ses
sions. There have been significant changes
in both project areas since the last regional
leadersjudges updates several years ago.
These sessions will be very interactive
and you will have structured opportunities
during the training sessions to practice the
new skills you are learning. Our office will
receive regular updates listing the individu
als preregistered fo rthese trainings if you are
interested in arranging car pooling. If there
are enough (3-4 minimum) interested indi
viduals from Warm Springs we can arrange
for transportation from the 4-H office.
The Central Oregon trainings will be held
: Home Economics - March 1 4th Bend -early
bird deadline is February 14th. Expressive
Arts - April 4 & 5 Bend - earlybird deadline
is March 28th.
For copies of the registration forms stop
by the 4-H office on the 1st floor of the
Education Services Center.
Following winter is Spring
i
Central Oregon Forage conference and trade show set
January 30 and 31, 1998
Deschutes County Fairgrounds, Redmond, Oregon
Trade Show: Howard Mayficld Bldg. - Conference: Lucy Miller Bldg. Trade Show Set
Up Day: January 29
(CCA and Pesticide Rcccrtification Credits have been applied for.)
Friday, January 30
7:00 a.m. Trade Show Set Up
8:30 a.m. Trade Show Opens
10:00 a.m. The Art and Science of Soil Fertility Recommendations for Forages
(Sulfur, Potassium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, pH, Micro-nutrients, Monitor
ing Nutrient Levels, Case Studies) - John Hart, OSU Extension Soil Fertility Specialist,
Steve James, OSU ResearchExtension Potato Agronomist, COARC, Madras, Rod Todd,
OSU Extension Crops Agent, Klamath Falls, Mylen Bohle, OSU Extension Crops Agent,
Prineville
12:00 p.m. No Host Lunch (Food Booth Available)
1:30 p.m. Irrigation Scheduling and System Checks - Jim Burr, OSU Extension
Emeritus, Burr Ag Consulting, Bend
2:00 p.m. Domestic and Export Hay Market Outlook - Bill Ford, WSU Extension
Crops Agent, Pasco
2:30 p.m. El Nino, Weather, and the Art of Making Hay - Eric Molstad, The Weather
Center, Snoqualmie, WA
3:00 p.m. Break
3:30 p.m. Drying Hay in IHalff of the Usual Time - Jeff McMorran, OSU Extension
Crops Agent, Hermiston
4:00 p.m. Measuring Forage Quality and Interpreting Test Results - Steve Fransen,
WSU Extension Forage Specialist, Puyallup, WA
4:30 p.m. Oregon Feed Library: The Quality of ILocali Hay - Ron Hathaway, OSU
Extension Livestock Agent, Klamath Falls
5:00 p.m. Adjourn
5:30 p.m. Trade Show Closes
Saturday, January 31
8:00 a.m. Trade Show Opens
9:30 a.m. Grasses for Hay and Pasture Update - Randy Dovel, OSU & Mylen Bohle,
OSU
10:00 a.m. Timothy Hay Production & Marketing - Tom Hoffman, WSU Extension
Crops Agent, Ellensdale, WA
10:45 a.m.
WSU
11:15 a.m.
OSU
11:45 a.m.
12:00 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
Dovel, OSU
2:30 p.m.
Psychology
grants available to
Indian students
by Dr. Marie L. Miville
Oklahoma State University
The Indian Health Service has granted
Oklahoma State University a $210,000
grant to train American Indian people as
doctoral level psychologists. The program,
American Indians Into Psychology, is a
collaborative program coordinated among
the counseling, clinical, and school psy
chology programs at Oklahoma State. AIIP
will consist of two primary components:
1) an 8 week summer mentorship pro
gram that will allow participants to be
involved in both clinical and research set
tings as well as be trained in concrete
aspects of applying to graduate school
(writing a vita, writing a statement of pur
pose, applying for grad school ) and other
professional issues.
2) assistantships for American Indian
students admitted to any of the above doc
toral programs which will involve some
kind of practicum placement working with
American Indian clients.
If you know of any students ( either
bachelor or masters level) who might be
interested in either of phase of these pro
grams have them contact me at (405) 744
9453. The deadline to apply for this pro
gram is February 15th.
Silage for Central Oregon: Methods, Quality & Pitfalls - Steve Fransen,
Alfalfa Variety Trial Results - Mylen Bohle, OSU And Randy Dovel,
Update from COARC - Clint Jacks, Superintendant, COARC, Madras
No Host Lunch (Food Booth Available)
Long Term Weed Control in Alfalfa - Mylen Bohle, OSU & Randy
Weed Control for Hay and Pasture Panel - Wilbur Ellis Co., Madras,
m
Cenex Supply, Madras, Round Butte Seed Growers, Madras
from the Winter 1998 High Desert
Gardening newsletter, a Publication of
the Central Oregon OSU Extension
Service
Winter means a whole new batch of gar
den catalogs is on its way to your mailbox.
To help narrow your choices for the com
ing gardening season, consider trying some
flower varieties recommended by ALL
America Selections(AAS) and the National
Garden Bureau.
Both organizations review new varieties
after testing programs and recommend those
with merit to the gardening public. The Cen
tral Oregon Master Gardeners maintain an
All-America Selections Display Garden at
Kalama Park in Redmond, which is open to
the public.
Impatiens Victorian Rose (AAS 1998) is
the first impatiens with consistently double
flowers; plants may be covered with blooms.
The old-fashioned rose color is a soft, muted
tone that combines easily with other annu
als. Shade and water are all thatis needed to
grow it successfully. Good in containers. In
Central Oregon, try to locate impatiens in a
warm shady part of the yard, or consider
planting in containers.
Petunia Prism Sunshine (AAS 1998) has
a creamy yellow color that neither fades nor
blushes pink under stressful garden condi
tions. Deep green foliage contrasts with the
large blossoms. iPrism Sunshinet thrives in
full-sun gardens and may spread from 15 to
20 inches depending upon available nutri
ents, light, and moisture. Good in containers.
OSU Master Gardeners found that this vari
ety blossomed prolifcally in their garden in
Redmond.
Linaria Fantasy series was bred to be
dwarf with a compact body. It is a cool
season crop that does not like summer heat,
but will grow year round in mild areas. Slows
down in mid-summer. It is weather-tolerant
and especially effective in mass plantings.
The series includes magenta rose, speckled
pink, blue, yellow and white.
Zinnia Oklahoma Mix is a medium-sized
plant that has very bright colors and is a
heavy producer all season long. Great for
bedding plants and cut flowers. Most flowers
are fully double with some semi-doubles. In
trials, Oklahoma Mix proved to be less sus
ceptible to powdery mildew. Sunflower
ICrimson Thrillen is loaded with six-inch
mahogany red blooms. A sturdy, carefree
plant, as most sunflowers are - it grows to
five feet tall and bears flowers on multi
branched stems. Outrageous in bouquets,
mixed with sunflowers of other colors.
Begonia Eureka is a new, vigorous series,
designed for superior garden performance.
Available in a range of green and bronze leaf
colors. Fills beds with color more fully and
quickly than others. Thrives in tough weather,
heat and humidity, in sun and shade. Note:
begonia is sensitive to frost.
Pansy Delta Tapestry has lots of large
flowers for fall and spring planting. Flowers
of rose, pink, apricot, primrose and cream,
all with dark faces. IBaby Bingo! has more
blooms per plant than other pansies. Very
heat tolerant, these outstanding garden per
formers also overwinter well. Plants are com
pact and well-branched. Pansy is a good
choice for the early season and cooler high
elevation sites.
Trachelium Passion in Velvet is normally
known as a commercial cut flower, but ut has
been successfully transformed into a pot or
bedding plant. It produces masses of grace
ful, exquisite violet umbels 5-6 inches in
diameter, on plants that grow only to a height
of 12 to 14 inches.
Columbine Cameo flowers in four-inch
pots, then may be planted as a fully hardy
perennial. Its silver-green, compact foliage
adds beauty to the garden. They are easy to
grow and a pleasure to have around.
3:00 p.m.
3:30 p.m.
3:30 p.m.
Junction City
4:30 p.m.
Break
Trade Show Ends
Ground Squirrels, Gophers, and Rock Chucks - Doug Freeman, RCO,
Rodent Control Panel - Doug Freeman, RCO, Ed Nikolaus, Wild Life
Services, Perry Watson, ARC
5:00 p.m. Adjourn
Trade Show Free to Public
- Conference Fee; Non Members - $5day, COHGA Members
For More Information Call (541) 447-6228 (Prineville)
Free
Hay growers sponsor forage conference, trade show-
a.m., and runs until noon, and will feature a
by Mylen Bohle
OSU Crook County Extension Service
Every year the Central Oregon Hay
Growersi Association (COHGA) and Or
egon State University Extension Service
sponsor the Central Oregon Forage Confer
ence and Trade Show. The eighth annual
conference and trade show will be held at the
Deschutes County Fairgrounds, Redmond,
OR on Friday and Saturday, January 30 and
31, 1998.
The Trade Show admission is free to the
public and runs from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
on Friday, and from 8:00 a.m. to 3:30p.m. on
Saturday. The trade show, showcases the
newest forage varieties, equipment, and other
agricultural products. Some of the vendors
in the past, and scheduled for this year, in
clude: seed companies, farm implement com
panies, fertilizer dealers, ag organizations,
government agencies, pest control compa
nies, irrigation companies, parts repair, and
travel agencies, There will be door prizes
given away daily.
Conference admission fee is five ($5)
dollarsday for non members, and COHGA
members will be admitted free. There will be
free coffee, and there will be a food booth
vendor available both days. Lunch breaks
will occur from noon to 1 :30 p.m., with half
hour coffee breaks, every afternoon.
The Friday morning session starts at 10:00
mini-workshop on the art and science of soil
fertility management for forages: (nutrient
management of nitrogen, phosphorus, potas
sium, sulfur, pH, micro-nutrients, monitor
ing levels, and case studies).
The Friday afternoon session will begin at
1:30 p.m., and will feature presentations on:
irrigation scheduling and systems checks,
domestic and export hay market outlook, El
Nino, weather, and the art of making hay,
drying hay in half of the time, measuring
forage quality and interpreting test results,
Oregon feed library: the quality of local hay.
Saturday morning, the trade show kicks
off at 8:00 a.m. with the presentations start
ing at 9:30 a.m. Presentations will include
updates on forage research from the Central
Oregon Agricultural Research Center
(COARC) and the Klamath Experiment Sta
tion. Updates will include: alfalfa varieties,
and grass species and varieties for pasture
and hay, and an update on COARC. Other
morning presentations are: timothy hay pro
duction and marketing, and silage for central
Oregon: methods, quality, and pitfalls.
The Saturday afternoon session begins at
1:30 p.m. and will feature 4 presentations
that will have pesticide recert credits avail
able for pesticide license holders. Presenta
tions will be on; long term weed control in
alfalfa, weed control for pasture and hay
panel, ground squirrels, gophers, and rock
chucks, and a panel on rodent control.
The speakers are researchers, extension
specialists and agents, agribusiness reps and
fieldmen, from central and western Wash
ington, and eastern, central, and western
Oregon. CCA credits have been applied for.
The COHGA is a group of concerned
producers, agribusiness representatives, re
searchers, extension agents, and government
personnel who are dedicated to promoting
the forage industry. COHGA finances the
conference and trade show.
For information on trade show vendor
space, membership with COHGA, or any
other conference information, call (541)
447-6228 in Prineville.
Farm Fair set for February 4 and 5-
STOCKMAN'S ROVNDUPiDesigning your grazing system-
0 ,v
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
If you have livestock, you already have a
grazing system of some kind. It might be one
pasture you use all the time. That's a system,
alright. But to be efficient in management of
livestock, you should remember that any
grazing management problem usually has
many possible solutions and very few things
you can do are "right" or "wrong." Most of
all, no one grazing system is best.To be
successful, you w ill need to creatively com
bine a few principles into a grazing plan
designed specifically for your operation's
unique circumstances: Timing. Avoid re
peated grazing during critical stages of plant
growth. This is when plants are starting new
leafy tissue. This includes new grow th in the
spring or fall and midseason regrowth after
grazing. Frequency. If given an opportunity
to regrow and replenish its energy stores, a
plant can be grazed several times during one
growing season. But that plant needs time to
regrow. Avoid grazing too often during a
single growing season. Severity. Avoid re
moving too much of a plant's leaf area. If too
little leaf area remains after grazing, the
plant will be unable to regrow and replenish
its energy reserves. Season. Crested wheat
grass can cope with grazing an area at the
same time of year, year after year. But vary
ing the season of grazing from year to year is
recommended for most kinds of plants.Type
of Cattle. Graze the type of cattle best matched
with the kind of forage available and its
nutritional quality. For exambple, dormant
forage will not meet the high nutrient re
quirements forgrowingyearlings. You should
also match the type of cattle to your topogra
phy. Cows with calves, for example, usually
will not use steep topography as efully as dry
cows or yearlings. Texas Longhorns work
best for verticle pastures.Cattle raised on
flat, open grasslands usually do not adapt
well when relocated to steep or timbered
grazing lands. An animal's previous grazing
experience should also be considered when
purchasing new animals. This is because
cattle unfamiliar with the kind of plants in a
pasture usually will not perform as well as
cattle that previously have grazed similar
forages. Number of Cattle. Too many ani
mals will cause cattle performance to de
cline, but the soil and vegetation will have
deteriorated before animal performance be
gins to suffer. Cattle Distribution. Prevent
large numbers of cattle from congreating,
especially on sensitive areas such as along
streams. If cattle are causing soil or plant
damage, it is often a problem of poor animal
distribution rather than too many animals.
Grazing Selectivity. Cattle make choices and
select those plant species and plant parts they
find the least objectionable. Grazing systems
can affect the extent to which cattle are
allowed to graze selectively. The best indi
vidual animal performance will result when
cattle are allowed to be the most selective in
choosing their forage. Individual animal per
formance will drop below maximum when
ever cattle are forced to graze less selec
tively. Non-selective grazing is appropriate
when the objective is to prevent plants from
becoming too coarse or "wolfy."Catt!e gen
erally perform better under less intensive
grazing systems, whereas forage plants are
ususally healthy under slightly more inten
sive grazing systcms.Bccause the conditions
and objectives of your operation are unique,
the economic outcome of a new grazing
system can't be precisely known until after it
is implemented. Therefore, be cautious when
considering economic projections of changes
to your grazing plan.Good grazing systems
develop conditions for soil and vegetation
improvement. Several years may pass, how
ever, before any improvement is very notice
able. Flexibility iscritical. Manage your pas
tures and animals according to the varying
plant, animal, and economic conditions that
exist, not according to specific calendar dates
or pasture rotation schedules. You're the key
to success. If it's your grazing plan, then it's
up to you to make it work.
by Marvin Butler
Jefferson Co. Agricultural Agent
The 1998 Central Oregon Farm Fair and
Trade Show will be held February 4th And
5th at the Jefferson County Fairgrounds.
The four, two-hour sessions of educational
programming will provide recertification
credit for pesticide applicators. Topics will
include agricultural issues affecting grow
ers in central Oregon, as well as production
information and research reports on sugar
beets, grass seed, and peppermint.
The sugar beet session will focus on
sugar beet fertility. John Hart, OSU soil
specialist, will discuss the results of local
fertility trials. Alan Blaylock, with Agrium
out of Denver, Colorado, will discuss his
research and experience with sugar beet
fertility while working with the University
of Wyoming. This should provide the basis for
a good exchange of ideas.
The event is sponsored by the Jefferson
County Seed Growers, Central Oregon Sugar
Beet Growers, Central Oregon Peppermint
Growers, and OSUJeffcrson County Exten
sion. About 50 exhibitors, providing a wide
array of agricultural services and equipment,
attend the Trade Show. Free refreshments and
great luncheons are provided by the Farm
Bureau Women.
The Central Oregon Farm Fair and Trade
Show is always a welcome social event, as
well as a great opportunity to see the latest in
agricultural equipment and services, get up
dated on issues affecting agriculture, and hear
research reports on crops grown in Central
Oregon.
Second calving school offered
by Clint Jacks
Jefferson County OSU Extension
Service
The Oregon State University Extension
Service will be sponsoring an additional
calving school in Central Oregon on
Wednesday, January 28th. The first calving
school was filled and this second school
will allow those individuals on the waiting
list plus others an opportunity to attend this
year. NorStar Cattle Company of
Willowdale will host this one day school.
The calving school is sponosored by the
OSU Extension Service in cooperation with
Central Oregon County Extension offices,
the OSU Department of Animal Science
and the OSU College of Veterinary Medi
cine. Enrollment is limited to 12 individuals.
InHi, ;, -I A 4
to register at their earliest convenience. The
school will be filled on a first registered basis
The registration fee is $40.00. To register
contact the Jefferson County Extension Office
at 34 SE D Street in Madras or call 475-3808.
The calving school is designed to meet (he
needs of the novice producer as well as the
producer with a lifetime of experience. Hands
on learning is the focus of these one-day
schools. Topics for discussion will include:
Third Trimester Management and Nutrition;
Sire Selection Based on EPDi's; Health Pro
grams - Prcbreeding to Third Trimester; The
Birhting Function; Calv ing Equipment and Its
Proper Use; Handling Abnormal Births; Po-t
Calving Management; and Handling First Call
Heifers. The school is set up to occur during
the calving so as to prov ide hands-on experience.