Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
November 20, 1997 9
Arlene Boilcau Bob Pawelek
4-H St Youth Livestock
Norma Simpson Sue Ryan
Home Economics 4 ' Assistant
Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudoptwsext
The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs . -
in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States '
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.
rMnmiiiMiM
.OCTBJSJON
(503) 553-3238
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Ag & Natural Resources
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
Know Your Indian Government has started
on Wednesday nights in November. The se
ries will switch to half-days in December. I
am excited about having 17 people show the
first night. This includes some adults from
the community as well. Know Your Indian
Government is a citizenship program de-
signed to
teach about the Indian and Tribal govern
ments in Warm Springs, how they operate,
and how students can be a part of the system.
The 4-H Traditional Dance nights leaders
met for a noon lunch and talked through what
will be taught the first night - November
15th. These are Minnie Yahtin and Julie
Johnson. Dancers need to bring shawls if
they have them. They will be taught different
dances skip, round, just different powwow
dances. There is still room in this series for
dancers. Kids must be in the 2nd -1 2th grade.
A second dance night will be held December
1 5th and plans are in the works to hold two
more in January February and then a perfor
mance in March.
If you were in a 4-H project last year, you
need to re-enroll by January 1st. New mem
bers have until the spring to register. Re
member - you are not covered by insurance if
you aren't currently enrolled.
I want to put a word in here about 4-H, and
Remember to plan ahead!
Contact OSU Extension early when
scheduling Oregon EDNET classes on
satellite. 553-3238
Noodle recipe shared
Recipe from Norma Simpson for the
Great Cooking Classes, Thursday, Octo
ber 2, 1997
Mandarin Noodles
One 1 2 oz bag Kluski Noodles, (or home
made noodles from pasta machine or by hand
1 can low salt chicken broth
1 teaspoon low-sodium soy sauce (or more
or less according to your taste)
2 cups water
pound ice peas in pods
pound broccoli (including the steams
and flowers) pound Bok Choy broad white
stems with dark green leaves pound fresh
mushrooms (white or brown)
1 medium-sized zucchini sliced diago
nally, 2 carrots cut julianne-style
1 can sliced water chestnuts
pound Chinese-style pork wpaprika to
be peeled, cooked cut in strips
OR 1 8-oz package sliced Canadian Ba
con to be cut in strips
1 pound of chicken wings to be skinned,
boned and cut in chunks
2 tablespoons canola oil
1. In chicken broth, soy sauce and
water, boil the noodles according to instruc
tion on the bag, (or about cooking homemade
noodles about 10 minutes)
2. While the noodles are cooking, pre
pare the vegetables. On a different cutting
board prepare protein foods: the pork strips,
shrimp sections and chicken pieces.
3. Add the rawjulianned carrot strips
and water chestnuts to the noodles
4. Serve steaming hot, with chop sticks,
fork or spoon.
what makes it different than just being a
recreational event. The intent of 4-H is for
youth to master skills in a specific project
area and then progress to mastery of that
subject, then on into competition or profi
ciency. Youth can also learn leadership
through some of the more advanced tracks of
4-H. There is a social component to 4-H as
well, but clubs are meant to contain structure
and continuity over time. It is difficult in
Warm Springs to get beyond the initial level
of 4-H because the program simply needs
more leaders. The fall scries our office has
sponsored has been popular with the kids.
The community always asks " Are there
more classes ?" but OSU Extension is un
able to do more than introduce a child to 4-H
or touch upon the subject area. The 4-H
office can use community members willing
and wanting to work with kids. If you are one
of these sign-up today for 4-H Leader
Training in January or February.
Thanks to KWSO 9 1 .9 FM at Kah-nee-ta
for running our promotional quiz show the
first week of Know Your Indian Govern
ment. Congratulations to the winners ! Here
are the winners, plus their questions and
answers.
November 3rd -Roger Smith Question:
What are the two major documents for gov
erning 'he. f"nnfHrol TnKac nf Warm
Springs ? Answer: tribal constitution and
corporate charter.
November 4th -Colleen Johnson Ques
tion: How long do the chiefs of the Confed
erated Tribes of Warm Springs serve on the
tribal council 7 Answer: for life.
November 5th - Paul Miller Question:
The Tribal Council delegates issues to tribal
committees. How many committees are there
? Answer: nine.
November 6th -Alicia Adams Question:
How old does a tribal member have to be to
vote in an election for tribal council ? An
swer: 21 or all married tribal members of any
age.
November 7th - Cyril Wolfe Question:
What is the name of the document that de
fined the Warm Springs Indian reservation
boundaries ? Answer: Treaty of 1855.
Watch your credit
card spending
by Norma L. Simpson
I did not practice what I preach. I let a
credit card payment slip me, and it cost me
$25.00. Wow, I had been pinching such
pennies that I forgot to watch the dollars.
With the holidays, remember to pay your
bills on time and not go bananas on gifts that
means your gifts will cost you twice as much
as you planned. We always say that we are
going to control ourselves better than last
year, but without a good list it is nearly
impossible.
The trouble with a list is that once you
make it, you must consult it and check of the
items as you pay them. I made the list, but
forgot to check it twice. So much for plan
ning and control. It is terrible, when you
have computer that tells you your are using
sloppy grammar and then I misspelled
grammer. The read line under the misspell
ing means it needs to be corrected, but the
bloody machine corrected misspelling and
even forced me to correctly spell misspelling.
OSU offers course in
Natural Resourse
OSU STATEWIDE is offering a Natural
Resources major course.
This course can also fit with the Liberal
Studies major program.
Atmospheric Science 210
Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences
3 credits
taught by
George Taylor
State of Oregon Climatologist
This is a weekend class
January 9 and 10, 1998
February 6 and 7, 1998
March 6 and 7, 1998
Fridays: 5 p.m. to 9 p.m.
Saturdays: 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Call for a class syllabus
Location:
Education Building,
Education Training Room, 2nd Floor
Warm Springs Campus
Warm Springs Reservation
To register call 1-800-235-6559 at OSU
Statewide orcall Clint Jacks at541-475-3808
Want to earn a Natural Resources degree?
Call the OSU Statewide 1-800-235-6559
and ask for Kayeri Akwcks.
She will set up an appointment to meet
with you on November 20, 1997 or Decem
ber 19, 1997 at Warm Springs.
Scholarship program opens application
The American Chemical Society Schol
ars Program has opened applications in No
vember. The program is available to Afri
can American, American Indian and His-
Panic High School Seniors and College
reshmcn, Sophomores, and Juniors intend
ing to or already majoring in chemistry,
biochemistry, chemical engineering, or a
chemically related science and planning a
career in a chemically related field.
It is also available to two-year College
Freshmen intending to or already majoring in
chemical technology and planning a career in
this field.
Strong academic credentials and financial
need are some of the criteria for eligibility.
Please request applications from the Ameri
can Chemical Society Scholars Program at
11551 6th Street. Northwest. Washington, DC
orcall toll-free 1-800-227-5558. Applications
are accepted from November 1 st, 1 997 through
February 28, 1998.Intcrnctminority0facs.org.
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
' Spread wood ashes evenly on vegetable garden plot Don't me more than 1.5
pounds per 100 square feet i year. Do not use if the soil pll is over 7.0 or if
potassium levels are excessive.
Turn the compost pile.
Use dormant sprays of lime sulfa or copper Aingicide on fruit trees and roses
for general disease control.
Protect new landscape plants from wind: staking, guy wires, windbreaks, site
selection.
Make sure that landscape plants in protected sites receive water regularly
during the winter.
Yard sanitation: rake leaves, cut and remove withered sulks of perennial
flowers, mulch flowerbeds, hoe or pull winter weeds.
Check for rodent damage around base of trees and large shrubs.
Avoid mounding mulching materials around the base of trees and shrubs. They
might provide cover for rodents.
Monitor houseplants for adequate watering, fertilizer, humidity. Water and
fertilizer requirements are generally less in winter.
Check stored flower bulbs, fresh vegetables, fruits for rot and fungus problems.
Discard any showing signs of rot
Cut holly for Christmas decorations.
Make Christmas decorations from trees and shrubs in the yard.
Consider garden-related Christinas gifts for the gardeners you know.
Spray spruce trees to control spruce aphids.
Tie limbs of columnar evergreens to prevent snow breakage.
If the lawn is frozen, stay off of it
Whitewash lower trunks of newly planted fruit and nut trees to avoid sunscald
damage.
OUS receives booklet "Teens as Parents Of babies and Toddlers"
by Norma L. Simpson
Recently OSU received a copy of "Teens
as Parents of Babies and Toddlers" a 220
page Resource Guide for Educators from
Cornell University Cooperative Extension
in New York State. It has great ideas for
working with teens. Arlene and Sue have a
copy, so you might get them involved with
My Personal Stress Symptoms
Whm I fed under a lot of iwm and prcuun, which of the ftjOowlfig mponae do I notice
PUcb i check mark before Menu that apply and occur frequently or regularly Mace an X before I
oocaatonaay
Crying
Dcpmuon
Increased smotung
kstktinew, fidgeting
Feeling exhausted
Drug or alcohol misuse
Goodbye, Bodie!
We wish you luck in
your new position as
BIA Forestry Manager!
Warm Springs OSU
Extension staff
r-3
1 L Headaches
I .. .J Oiuincti
I J Face fetli hoi, flushed
X y- Lot of appetite
i Dy rnouuVthroat I
ry teeth V -v.
ItflOO Xc&filmiidtn light wpacht
Nil! biting TQ U J Jt2 Hirvb irxtor feet feel
Mean beau f.s "nt
I i ,,. Heartburn I
i Back tighten! upache l0
I i Stomach upsetnauaea
I Increased urinatkMidefecation
mm Diarrhea
WttMnwtl from people V V
AgffUMn I
Boredom 1 I
Curt conctiKrau I
Steep or go to bed to nope
inibtUty to lieep f J
Leg, get ihilcy or tighten up
Tapping nngertfecl
young parents. One activity is to get the young
parents to identify their personal stress symp
toms. In this page is the National 4-H Council
idea from The Stress Connection.
Generally teen parents in Warm Springs
have a strong support network. But when they
move from the reservation, you find that the
support group shrinks from dozens of rela
tives, friends and people in your church. It's
a good time to make new friends and to form
a new support group. The Extension Service
in most counties of the USA will have mate
rials that will help you to learn more about the
needs of a child.
Remember babies do not come with In
structions. Babies do not automatically know any
thing, except to cry. It is up to the parent and
the support group to teach the infant and
toddlers to do everything including talk, to
love, to smile and to giggle. With lots of
examples from parents, siblings, grandpar
ents and teachers, the babies will see a world
worth growing up in. They will need to learn
to ignore insults, so that they do not die at an
early age
Because of our sad weekend, I have placed
another set of Learning to Live with Loss
pamphlets in the rack in the hall outside my
office. Help yourself.
Producer must evaluate the needs of his how herd
Pacific Northwest Range Management
Shortcourse to be held
Rangeland Weeds: Issues and Approaches
Sponsored by Oregon State University, a
2-day program will be held at Eastern Or
egon University in LaGrande. The dates are
January 20-21, 1998.
The program focuses on principles of
integrated weed control as well as the ur
gency of dealing with weed issues. For
more information, contact Bob Pawelek,
OSU Extension Agent, 553-3238.
Matching nutrition with winter
Making commercial cow-calf produc
tion a profitable enterprise can be very
difficult with the price of hay per ton vs. the
price of calves per pound.
In identifying the factors that influence
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP'.EIectronic eartags: reinventing the fence-
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Fences have drawbacks.
For centuries, rocks, wood and wire have
been used to construct physical barriers to
prevent animals access into and out of a
particular area.
Especially in the Pacific Northwest and
the Rockies, where terrain is usually verti
cal, fences are expensive to build, up to
$5000 a mile. Fences require gates, and no
one likes to have to be the one to get and and
fuss with a wire gate that's stuck, or cuss
someone else for having left the thing open
in the first place.
Taking a cue from dog trainers using
electronic collars, US Forest Service scien
tist Art Tiedemann and Tom Quigley, a
range scientist with the Pacific Northwest
Research Station's Blue Mountains Natural
Resources Institute in LaGrande, are devel
oping a way to control livestock movements
by training them to respond to remotely
controlled auditory and electrical stimula
tion. Their ultimate intent is to develop an
inexpensive "electronic" fencing system that
will prevent cattle from entering designated
areas such as riparian zones.
Electronic fencing has two key advan
tages. First, it allows selective access.
Through coded signals, a certain herd could
be kept away from a prescribed area, while
other animals (and people) are allowed free
access. Second, the "fence" is portable." By
turning off the transmitters and moving them,
land managers can take out and move fences
at will.
When tests on four steers with modified
dog collars in 1990 proved promising,
Quigley and Tiedemann took their idea fur
ther: they began work to improve the tech
nology and to develop techniques for use on
cattle herds in controlled field conditions.
"We switched to ear tags, because collars
are expensive to build and difficult to handle
on cattle," said Quigley. "Eartagging is donee
routinely by livestock people, and if we
could get the unit contained in an eartag,
animal handling would be reduced tremen
dously," added Tiedemann.
With a $99,000 EPA grant, they con
tracted with Schell Electronics of Chanute,
Kansas, to design and manufacture transmit
ters and receivers for the system. The proto
type eartag is 3 inches wide and 6 inches
long, about twice the length of a conventional
identification eartag. When insulated and fully
equipped, the eartag weighs 4 ounces. Power
is supplied by two AAA batteries. The por
table transmitter, also built by Schell, is de
signed to transmit at five different signal
strengths, so its range can be adjusted be
tween 100 and 500 feet.
The eartag was originally designed so that
an animal would first receive a warnin g in the
form of a high-pitched sound, if it approached
a transmission (exclusion) area. If it moved
away, it would receive no further stimuli. If,
however, the animal remained in the exclu
sion area, after four seconds it would receive
a mild electrical stimulus. The animal could
be electrically stimulated up to two more
times, with 4-second pauses between each
shock, to allow it time to move outside the
exclusion area.
Thereafter, the receiver automatically
"locked up" (shut itself off) to protect the
animal.
The researchers learned that it is impor
tant to identify and propely train the lead
animals in a herd. The other animals would
sometimes follow the lead animals into the
exclusion zones, even though they had to
endure the full sereis of electric stimuli.
Tests in Texas also led to changes in the
eartag stimuli. The animals seemed to react
to insects in the same way they reacted to
the high-pitched (8500 hz) tone. Also, the
electric shock of 1 second caused some
animals to wheel around completely in
stead of turning away from the exclusion
zone.
A major innovation to the
transmission-receiving system was the ad
dition of a remote unlocking transmitter set
up in an "unlock zone" -an attractive area
like a water, salt, or mineral location out
side the exclusion zone. Animals with locked
up receivers that moved into an unlock
transmitter zone would automatically have
their eartag receivers reactivated for future
encounters with the electronic fence.
After the animals were trained to associ
ate the tone with a subsequent shock, the
system worked flawlessly.
Quigley and Tiedemann are currently
working on an eartag unit that is smaller,
lighter, and more durable. Said Quigley,
"The techology is available. It's a matter of
investing in engineering design so that the
peices fit together correctly."
Many private and public partners have
cooperated in various phases of the elec
tronic fence research. They included OSU
researchers to assess the influence of eartag
stimuli on animal health, physiology, and
behavior. The affects w ere insignificant.
profits in a commercial cow-calf program,
there are really only four factors:
1. Weaning weights,
2. Percent of cows weaning calves,
3. Cost of maintaining the cow, and
4. Price of calves.
Obviously, there are many factors that go
into each of these four points. Likewise, there
is a tremendous amount of interrelationship
between the four points in influencing the
profit potential of a cow herd.
In attempting to reduce or keep costs of
production to a minimum, it is extremely im
portant that the producer evaluate the needs of
his cow herd and the forage resources that he
has available.
What factors need to be considered in de
termining needs of the cow herd?
First, understanding the nutritional require
ments of the cow. These depend on whether
the cow is lactating, the size of the cow, the
amount of milk she produces and the stage of
gestation she is in.
Second, by monitoring the effectiveness of
your feeding program. Do you feed early or
wait til the cows start losing weight? Cows
that are thin before necessary feeding will
have weaker (or no) calves, milk less, and
have slower-gaining calves.
Third, a good management practice and
one used by many cattle producers is to sort
cattle by age. The nutritional requirements are
different for young heifers as compared to
mature cows. When animals are still growing,
having adequate energy and protein present in
the ration to maintain growth is important. In
contrast, mature cows that enter into fall in
good condition can lose quite a bit of weight
during the winter with little adverse effect on
productivity.
Keeping an eye on the weather is impor
tant. The critical winter temperature for cows
is around 30 degrees Fahrenheit. For each one
degree drop in F, there is a 1 increase in the
energy required by an animal.
i