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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 23, 1997)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon October 23, 1997 11 'OMmmnuiamv .EXTENSION SERVICE (503) 553-3238 Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs and materials equally to all people. The Clover speaks by Sue Ryan Our Cooking Class has filled, filled, filled! But, there is plenty of space in the SewEasy series set to start October 1 8th. You can sign up clear until the second class on November 1st. This series is for 4th -12th grades and will be held on Saturdays. In fact every other Saturday-which makes it stretch clear into DECEMBER! One of the skills that 4-H will cover in the SewEasy series is handstitching. While a lot of sewing work today is done by machine or serger its still valuable to know basic handsewing. These descriptions of basic stitches may be a help to you at home as you teach sewing to your youngsters. They come from OSU Publication EC 894 which is available at the Extension office. STITCHES RUNNING STITCH is a basic stitch used for basting, easing, gathering, mending, and seams where there will be no strain. Take several stitches forward, weaving the needle in and out of the fabric. UNEVEN BASTING differs from even basting in the length of the stitches. The top side has long stitches and the back side has short stitches. SLIPSTITCH is used for invisible finish ing when there is a folded or turned edge. Slip the needle through the edge of the fold then pick up a yarn of the under fabric. Space the stitches evenly, being sure that the thread does not show or cause an indentation on the right side. BACKSTITCHING is a basic stitch with several variations. It is a strong handstitch useful for repairing seams and hard to reach areas. With the right sides of the fabric to gether, bring the needle up through the fabric layers. Insert the needle about 116" to 18" in back of where it came up, and bring it out again 116" to 18" forward. For each stitch, insert the needle at the end of the last stitch and bring it out ahead. OVERCASTING is used to finish raw edges of delicate fabrics to prevent them from raveling. Take diagonal stitches over ELDER ABUSE: PART 12 "Communicating with Older Persons with Disabilities" by Norma L. Simpson and the Office of Victims of Crime Participant Manual Abuse of the elderly has many reasons for happening. Frustration on the part of the older person, the caregiver, family members and also the police often come from poor communications. Ah yes, you hear that term "communications" once again. But even the training manual in Activity 5 of the Training Manual tended to find the older person re sponsible for the communications problems. Remember it takes all parties to make com munications. "Because many older people have com munications impairments, it is essential for law enforcement officers (and caregivers) to develop skills that will optimize their effec tiveness in interviewing victims, witnesses and suspects. Hearing-Impaired Persons Many older people have a partial hearing loss. This means that they can hear some STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Cross breeding know-how- 5r 4tt 'II by Bob Pawelek OSU Livestock Agent For years, commercial cowmen have used crossbreeding programs to combine the desir able traits of two or more breeds of cattle to produce a superior calf. Knowing a little about the mechanics of crossbreeding, coupled with good management, can help the producer reach this end. Rpneflts of Crossbreeding Often, heterosis is considered to be the only benefit of crossbreeding. While this is true for the most part, another concern may also be to eliminate or reduce undesirable effects which might be found in a breed. If crossbreeding is to do a stockman any good, the total performance of crosses must be higher than that of the best parent Otherwise, crossing is useless. The basic benefit of crossbreeding is an Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth Norma Simpson Bob Pawelek Livestock Sue Ryan Home Economics -n Assistant . JTA' i the edge at a uniform space and depth. OVERHAND and WHIPSTITCH are closer, tighter variations of overcasting. Both hold two finished edges together. The over hand stitch tends to be less conspicuous. For the overhand stitch, insert the needle at a diagonal through the back and front edges so the stitch itself is straight. For the whipstitch, insert the needle at a right angle so the stitches are slanted. BLINDSTITCH hemming is inconspicu ous from both the right side and the hem side of the garment. First, finish the raw edge of the hem or facing with out folding it. Then, 18" to 14" from the hem edge , alternate small, horizontal stitches in between the garment and the hem leaving about 14 " to 12" between stitches. Do not pull the stitches tightly. The blindstitch is used with a non-stretchy, non-ravelly fabric. We did not cover the Pickstitch, Hem ming Stitch, and Catchstitch from the publi cation. Classes to be held The Jefferson County 4-H Home Eco nomic Leaders are sponsoring "Creating Memories" classes to be held October and November. The classes are open to all adults and youth fourth grade and up. These classes will be held on Saturdays. October 25th : Halloween Mat 10:00 a.m. to noon. Instructor - Cindy Dubisar November 1st l)Rubber Stamping 10:00 a.m. to noon. Instructor - Christy Abbey No vember 1 st 2) Microwave Candy 1 :00 - 3:00 p.m. Instructor - Liz Blann November 8th 1) Cross Stitch 9:00 -1 1 :00 a.m. Instructor - Jenny Wilcox November 8th 2) Paint Acrylic Pot 1:00 -3:00 p.m. Instructor - Lori Binder . :Ll-. November 15th 1) Fall Wreaths 9:00 -1 1:00 Instructor - Andrea Gregg November 15th 2) Ribbon Angels 12:00 -1 :30 p.m. Instructor - Joan McFarland 3) Clay Beads 1 :30 - 3:00p.m. Instructor - Emily McFarland Each class has a fee. For information on classes or to register contact Liz at 475-3808 or Jennifer Hatfield at Hatfield's Store. sounds but not others. Most of the elderly with hearing loss do not learn sign language. Rather they depend on lip reading and hear ing aids or other electronic devices to assist them. If police suspect that an older person has a hearing loss, they should ask him or her if he or she is having difficulty understanding. Officer should not assume that he or she is having difficulty. Lots of people mutter you know, but refuse to admit it. Or the sounds of their soft voices are smothered by the air conditioner noise, comment added. Police should ask the person if he or she has a hearing aid (some older people who have hearing aids choose not to wear them all of the time). If the person is having difficulty hearing with the device, the police should make sure it is in proper working order and that the batteries have not run down. There are numerous methods and devices for assisting individuals who have hearing increase in productivity. Research and years of practical application have shown that a cross bred cow is 25 more productive than a straight bred. Several crossbreeding programs are handy for commercial cowmen to tailor to their own herds. For example, at least 20 more pounds of calf per cow exposed could be weaned from cows in a three-breed cross, compared to straightbreds. This is due to: early puberty and conception as heifers, reduced postpartum interval, increased first estrus conception, lower embryonic mortality, reduced calf death losses from birth to weaning, faster calf growth weight, and greater longevity of the crossbred cow. In addition to these advantages, crossbreed ing is one of the only places (except for Body Condition Scoring) that you can get something for nothing. Heterosis and Heritability They're not the same thing. Heritability is a proportion of a difference among animals for a specific trait that is transmitted to the offspring. Heterosis is the percent change in the perfor mance of crossbreds and the average of their parent breeds. In other words, heterosis may be viewed as an effect of heritability. For every heritable trait, there is a pair of genes. Heterosis is produced by the fact that the dominant gene of a pair is usually more favorable than its recessive partner.That dominant gene is then exhibited in the cross. For instance, two breeds, one with a wean ing weight (a heritable trait) of 400 lbs and the Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras Bodie Shaw Ag & Natural Resources Natural Resource Value of Oregon Agriculture Levels Off at the Top After a decade of slow but constant an nual growth, Oregon agriculture has remained steady at a record high level set in 1995. Statistics for 1996 have now been tabulated and relcasedby the Oregon Agricultural Sta tistics Service. They show the value of pro duction last year matched the $3.38 billion mark reported the previous year. Essentially, the all time high has been maintained. Though agriculture's value did not grow, neither did it get any smaller. An industry of well over three billion dollars is nothing to scoff at. Keep in mind that this is just the value of what is grown," says Bruce Andrews, direc tor of the Oregon Department of Agriculture. "Much more value is added to these com modities through processing. Agriculture re mains a leading industry in the State of Or egon and we don't think that is going to change." After increasing in value ten of the previ ous eleven years, agriculture is doing well just to match it's best mark. "A few of the top ten commodities had down years in 1996 and kept the overall value of agriculture from rising," says Homer Rowley, State Statistician. Significant drops in the value of wheat as well as cattle and calves offset some big gains in the value of other commodities. In effect, the pluses and minuses canceled each other out. That has been the story of Oregon agriculture for years. Its tremendous diversity-some 250 different commodities-tends to even things out. Last year's winners include Oregon's top two agricultural commodities. Greenhouse and nursery products remain the leading ag industry with a value of $448 million-more than 12higherthan 1995. The state's num ber two commodity is grass seed, with a value of $316 million-a 34 increase in value over 1995. "This is the third consecutive year that greenhouse and nursery has claimed the top Resource Leaders i needed We are looking for interested resource ; people or teen leaders who want a chance j to lead a one dayone time workshop dur- mg t-n oaiuruays in January anu rcDru- -j a ti r j t -.. j r?i. ... K ary at the Warm Springs 4-H Center. We are looking at ways to have fun indoors and learn new things on those dreary days of winter. Contact Sue at 553-3238. r disabilities with communication. Some com munities have agencies or associations (e.g. hearing societies or independent living re source centers) that can lend out special equipment or provide assistance with inter views. Most people with hearing impairments compensate for the loss by paying more attention to visual cues. For that reason it is important that they can clearly see the speaker's lips, facial expressions, and hands. Effective Communication with Hearing-Impaired Adults Ask the person if he or she would prefer to use written communication or an interpreter. Arrange the room where communication will take place so that no speaker and listener are more that six feet apart, and all are com pletely visible. Concentrate light (but be sure it is not glaring) on the speaker's face for greater visibility of lip movements, facial expres- other with a weaning weight of 600 lbs have an average weaning weight of 500 lbs. If crosses between these breeds averaged 525 lbs, hetero sis would be 25 lbs or 5. Heterosis is highest when parents are the least related genetically. Considerations Although productivity can pay for any addi tional costs of crossbreeding, it's important to remember that a higher level of management is required to capture the most benefit. Other practical considerations include: More fences may be required, More than one breed of bull must be purchased for some crossbreeding systems, Marketing discrimination may exist for your choice of crossbred calf, Replacement females may be a problem, and More pasture may be needed due to an increase in the size of calves. Purebred sires are recommended for single-herd situations, as maternal heterosis is higher. It's always better to have the cross on the dam's side in this case. Consider also biological type vs. the envi ronment. For instance, Brahman x Hereford crosses will out perform any British cross here in the Southwest, but the former would fall apart in the Northwest without an intense level of management to make up for its subtropical biological type. Crossbreeding can improve your herd's per formance, but a herd strategy, wise selection of sires and female replacements, good manage ment and common sense should be in place from the start. notables- spot," says Rowley. "Grass seed had a dra matic jump in value last year, going from fifth to second in Oregon's top ten." The top ten list of Oregon agricultural commodities for 1996: (1) Greenhouse and Nursery Products $448 million; (2) Grass Seed $3 16 million; (3) Hay $303 million; (4) Wheat $273 million; (5) Cattle and Calves $252 mil lion; (6) Milk $241 million; (7) Potatoes $148 million; (8) Christmas Trees; $ 89 million; (9) Pears; $ 77 million; (10) On ions; $72 million While grass seed clearly had the biggest gains, milk, Christmas trees, and pears also increased in value. Looking at a top 40 list, there were also other significant changes from 1995. Mint and eggs, ranked 1 1th and 12th, dropped in value. Cherries, ranked 1 6th, showed large gains. It was an off year for hazelnuts but a near doubling in value of cranberries more than made up for the drop. Blueberries, watermelons, and mink cracked the top forty after missing out in 1995. "Generally, 1995 was not a good year for fruit due to very poor pollination weather early in the spring," says Rowley. "The spring of 1996 was a lot better and many fruit crops bounced back." The list of top ten agricultural counties in Oregon was nearly the same in 1996: (1) Marion County; $441 million (2) Umatilla County; $274 million (3) Clackamas County; $243 million (4) Linn County; $21 1 million (5) Malheur County; $190 million (6) Washington County; $187 million (7) Yamhill County; $168 million (8) Lane County; $128 million (9) Morrow County; $117 million (10) Klamath County; $103 million Marion County increased its farm and ranch sales by nearly $40 million last year. All other counties in the top ten, with the exception of Morrow and Klamath, also showed gains from 1995. It may surprise people to learn that six of the top eight agricultural producing coun ties in the state are within an hour's drive of Portland and Eugene, the two largest cities in the state. "Most of the value of agricultural pro duction in Oregon is generated in the Willamette Valley," says Rowley. "The crops are diversified, the operations more intensive with higher capital investments, and they produce higher valued crops." Other counties that showed significant gains in 1996 include Jackson (increase of $32 million), Sherman (increase of $12 million) and Jefferson (increase of $8 mil lion). On the flip side, Union County de creased by $9 million, Hood River de creased by $5 million, Multnomah County decreased by $4 million, and Tillamook sions and gestures, Position yourself directly in front of the person to whom you are speaking. Do not stand in front of a light source such as a window. Speak to the hearing-impaired person from a distance of no more than six feet, but less than three feet. To get the person's attention, use a light touch on the arm or shoulder. Establish eye contact before you begin to speak. Speak slightly louder than you normally would. Speak clearly at your normal rate, but not too quickly. Use short, simple sentences. Keep lan guage concrete (rather than abstract con cepts). Eliminate as much background noise as possible. Never speak directly into the person's ear. If the person does not appear to under stand what s being said, rephrase the state ment, rather than just repeating the same words. Repeat key words and phrases. Ask the listener to repeat what you have said. If you cannot understand the person's answer to your question him or her to repeat or rephrase the response. (That may be more easier said than done.) Use open-ended questions, not questions requiring a "yes" or "no" answer. (If the person has "slow motion" understanding, you might try the YesNo questions, which the victim might be able to answer with a nod or shake of the head. At least it would establish some form of communication.) Do not over-articulate. Over-articulation distorts both the sound of speech and the face, making visual clues more difficult to understand, Include the person in all discussions about him or her. Avoid smoking, chewing gum, or cov ering you mouth while you speak. Use visual aids whenever possible- draw ings, diagrams. Watch for signs of fatigue in your lis tener. When using written communications, remember the following: Keep your message short and simple. -Uses short words and phrases. -Face the person after you have written your message Use visual aids. -Always treat the elderly person with dignity and respect. -Avoid a condescending tone. County decreased by $3 million due, in part, to last year's devastating flooding. Final numbers for 1997 won't be tabulated until next year at this time. However, early indications are that a majority of commodities are doing well, the weather has been coopera tive, and the total value of production could very well hit another all time high. Oregon agriculture, with its diversity as its strength, should continue to ride out any storms that may be in its future. For more information, contact Bruce Pokarney at (503) 986-4559. Ways to Use Left-over Turkey By Norma L. Simpson Thursday, 5 p.m. October 23 will be the finale of cooking classes for me of the Healthy Cooking Classes at the Wellness Kitchen. That's in the north wing of the "clinic" here in Warm Springs. Usually I talk about getting ready for the holiday meals, but this time we' 11 talk about using left-over turkey for a nourish ing meal with Turkey Broccoli Casserole. Just writing about it makes my mouth wa ter. This pasta dish includes wide noodles with fresh or frozen broccoli spears and sauce made from scratch. It will be ready to eat in about 35 minutes. Come and join us, we'll wrap you in an apron if you want to get into the thick of things in the kitchen. As always, we'll talk about the nutritive value of the meal, and ways to lower the fat, salt and no sweetener in this one. A recent study shows how and why foods of low income families do not meet the recom mended Dietary Guidelines. Foods is so im portant for your health and you ability to do all the things that you want to do. Some find that the food stamps do not last to the end of the month because the families buy expensive convenience foods. Learning to make things from scratch and quickly, means that your family gets the nutrition that each family mem ber needs and stays within the limited budget. As a stroke surviver, I tend to disagree with the idea about rephrasing the statement. Shortly after my stroke, people did that to me very often. All my hearing and reasoning was in slow motion. Before I could translate in my head what people were saying, they would make the statement in a different way. Then I would be half way through the next statement and half way through the mental translation, before the person would say the statement a third way. It was very frustrating. It is better to give for the victim the time needed for the mental translating to finish to really understand, and time to respond to one statement at a time. Otherwise the three state ments became very mixed up. Communicating with a Person with DementiaAlzheimer's Disease Communicating with a person who is con fused, disoriented, or forgetful may be diffi cult. It is important, however, not to assume that someone with dementia cannot provide credible information. Before interviewing the older person, it may be helpful to get guidance from a service provider or family member who knows the person. The service provider or family mem ber may be able to provide information that can help the police determine whether the dementia is recent or long-term and whether there are times of day when the older person is more alert and oriented (some older people with dementia have fluctuations in their abil ity to understand-they may be clearer, for example in the morning or after a meal.) Police should conduct the interview in a location that is quiet and free of distractions (such as TV). Officers should speak slowly and wait for a response. Close attention should be paid to the older person's reactions. Emo tional responses may reveal what the person cannot express in words. If the older person become agitated or frightened when asked about a certain person, it may be cause for concern. In an abuse investigation, these reac tions should be documented. If the person is having difficulty remem bering when event occurred, police should use memory cues. For example, if Mrs. T. does not remember the time at which her son ar rived, she may be able to relate his arrival to other events that she does remember or that can be tracked in other ways. Questions such as "Were you watching television when he came?" "Do you remember what show you were watching?" or "Was your attendant here when he came?" may yield the desired infor mation. Next month we will conclude the year-Ion g series on Elder Abuse Part 13: Minority Eld erly In the United States. a