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August 28, 1997 11
Warm Springs, Oregon
Spilyay Tymoo
Arlene Boileau Bob Pawelek
4-H ic Youth Livestock
Mnrma imncntl Sue Ryan
Clint Jacks
GXPBiSJON
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag & Natural Resources
StRVK-fc
Home Economics 4-H Assistant
(503) 553-3238
intomnt AHHrARS' hrtD:www.orst.edudeptwsext
e.... . ,n,uareitu Fusion Sarvlc. statl is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to people of Warm Spring!
and materials equally to an peopm.
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
The 4-H program will be working on its
5th camp of the summer August 1 8th - 22nd
when we put on a day camp at ECE for the
aftcrschool program. Our day camp will be
from 1 - 4 p.m. in the afternoons, with an
overnight scheduled for the 21st. Only 30
children will be able to stay for the overnight
and have to be at least in the 2nd grade.
Prcrcgistration is necessary and teachers in
the childrcn'sclassrooms will have the forms.
The camp is limited to the children who are
currently enrolled in and attend ECE's
aftcrschool program.
As the last month of summer winds down
before school begins, 4-H staff will be taking
a breather before setting our fall schedule.
Some plans in the works include a sewing
Childproof your home-Safety check list
Thrnnohniit vour home:
Cover all used or unused electric outlets
that are accessible. You can get covers de
signed for outlets that are in use all or part of
the time.
Cleaning supplies, medication, shampoo,
and cosmetics should be locked up.
Knives, tools, pencils, and other sharp
objects ( this includes boxes with serrated
edges like plastic wraps) should be locked
away or out of reach.
Lock up matches and cigarette lighters.
Keep plastic bags out of children's reach.
Keep small objects like coins, small doll
shoes, marbles, and paper clips picked up
and out of sight. " '." ' ' ' '
Home canning must
an excerpt from PNW 199 (full copies
available at O.S.U. Extension office)
Home canning of fruits must be done with
care. All foods-even those that are garden
fresh and thoroughly washed-harbor micro
organisms (bacteria, yeasts, and molds).
Microoganisms decrease food quality and
may form toxins, or poisons, under certain
conditions.
To preserve food for long-term storage,
conditions must be made unfavorable for the
growth of microorganisms. When fruits are
canned, some microorganisms are destroyed
by heat; others survive but cannot grow in
acid foods or in air-free jars. These condi
tions also retard other undesirable changes
(such as vitamin loss, darkened color, and
off-flavor).
The directions in this bulletin have been
carefully researched for safe home canning.
Following the directions exactly is vital.
Selecting Equipment
Food acidity determines which canning
method to use. If you are canning fruits, you
may safely use a water-bath canner. Molds,
yeasts, and bacteria which can grow in these
acid foods are destroyed at boiling water-bath
temperatures.
The canner must have room for at least 1
inch of briskly boiling water over the tops of
the jars during processing. Measure with a
ruler when you buy; purchase a canner with
a lid and a rack.
If you are canning vegetables, you must
use a pressure canner. Only pressure canning
produces temperatures high enough to kill
bacteria that grow in low-acid foods. For
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP:Designing your
... i .
I;
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
If you have livestock, you already have a
grazing system of some kind. It might be one
pasture you use all the time. That's a system,
alright. But to be efficient in management of
livestock, you should remember that any
grazing management problem usually has
many possible solutions and very few things
you can do are "right" or "wrong." Most of
all, no one grazing system is best.
series, Christmas crafts, gypsy booth - for
which we will need gypsies in training I and
more. We can also always use more leaders
for 4-H clubs in the community, even if the
group only meets for two or three sessions.
I thought I would put the community &
4-H ers! to the test with this 4-H Quiz.
In Oregon, anyone between the ages
of and nineteen can be a 4-H mem
ber. 4-H public funding occurs on local, state,
and levels.
is the word representing the
1st H in 4-H.
4-H is learning by
The 4-H emblem is the four-leaf
. is the word that represents the
The U.S. Congress allocates 4-H federal
funds through the U.S. Department of
is the 4-H color that is
cvmholin nf vnnih. life and erowth.
The 4-H motto is "To Make the Best
"ZZZZZ is the worcl that represents
the 4th H.
4-H'ers can live on farms, in , or
cities.
. is the 4-H color that is sym
bolic of purity.
is the word that represents the
3rdH. .
Thanks to Virginia Cooperative
Extension's website for the 4-H Quiz.
Check in the Cloverspeaks column next
time for the answers.
Never give a balloon to a child under
three.
Check for poisonous plants in your home.
If you're not sure about a specific plant check
with your local nursery or poison control
center. . .
Check to make sure that furniture is in
good repair with no shapr corners. Furniture
should be stable and not easily overturned.
Make sure there are no toys, electrical
extension cords, or rugs in the walkways that
could cause someone to trip.
Make sure that guns are locked up and
that the ammunition is stored separately.
This partial checklist is from "The ABC's
of Home Child Care" by Karen Potter.-
be done with care
instructions in canning vegetables refer to
PNW Bulletin 172; for instructions on can
ning tomatoes, refer to PNW 300.
Standard Mason jars are the best choice
for canning. Other jars may not be heat
tempered and may break from the tempera
ture fluctuations during canning, or they may
not seal properly because the sealing sur
faces of packers' jars (mayonnaise jars and
the like) may not exactly fit canning lids.
Preparing Equipment
Inspect the jars for cracks and chips, and
discard damaged ones. Also inspect and dis
card rings with dents or rust. Wash jars,
metal screw bands, and lids in hot, soapy
water. Rinse. Place jars upside down on a
clean, dry cloth, or leave them in the dish
washer until needed.
Check manufacturer' s directions for heat
ing lids before use. Don' t reuse lids. Jars may
not seal if lids are reused. Spoilage could
result if jars don't seal, and food is wasted.
For more information on canning fruit -stop
by the Warm Springs O.S.U. Extension
Service and pick up the appropriate publica
tions. To he successful, vou will need to cre
atively combine a few principles into a graz
ing plan designed specifically for your
operation's unique circumstances:
Timing. Avoid repeated grazing during
critical stages of plant growth. This is when
plants are starting new leafy tissue. This
includes new growth in the spring or fall and
midseason regrowth after grazing.
Frequency. If given an opportunity to
regrow and replenish its energy stores, a
plant can be grazed several times during one
growing season. But that plant needs time to
regrow. Avoid grazing too often during a
single growing season.
Severity. Avoid removing too much of a
plant's leaf area. If too little leaf area remains
after grazing, the plant will be unable to
regrow and replenish its energy reserves.
Season. Crested wheatgrass can cope with
grazing an area at the same time of year, year
after year. But varying the season of grazing
from year to year is recommended for most
kinds of plants.
Type of Cattle. Graze the type of cattle
best matched with the kind of forage avail
able and its nutritional quality. For exambple,
dormant forage will not meet the high nutri
ent requirements for growing yearlings. You
should also match the type of cattle to your
Natural Resource
Agriculture Is Starting to Click
by Dodie Shaw
OSU Extension Agent
Forcenturies, agriculturists have searched
for and relied on maps to determine the
locations most desirable for homestcading
and other agricultural practices. Like earlier
agriculturists, we too depend on maps, but
today we have the luxury of improved tech
nology which enables us to access the most
current knowledge available. In today's
world, agriculturists and other professionals
alike access new information by taking a
virtual journey, an excursion if you will,
through an astounding universe of knowl
edge known as the World Wide Web (WWW).
As we speak, the agricultural world is
merging into the world wide web, also re
ferred to as the Internet, with increasing
frequency. Sites devoted to livestock, crops
and agricultural history are certainly not un
common on the WWW. In fact, most state
and federal agencies that regulate agriculture
have sites on the Web. Agricultural groups
and land grant Institutions offer access to
studies and information about everything
from calving to harvest dates for crops.
The OSU Extension Service.Warm
Springs office web page, for example, has
assembled quite a comprehensive agricul
tural page. The page was developed to pro
vide access for local farmers and producers
to an electronic encyclopedia on agriculture.
It includes a list of more than 50 sites pertain
ing to agriculture and associated disciplines.
Visit the site at http:www.orst.edudept
wsext
Here are examples of just a few sites
related to agriculture which are easily acces
sible through the Internet. Enjoy!
Magazines:
Farm Journal Today http:
www.farmjournal. com
Excellent site that includes up to the hour
reports on weather, market prices, trade shows
and the latest in agricultural legislative news.
Successful Farming http:
agriculture.comcontentssfonline
Total Population by Age
" r Age
0-19
20-34
35-49
50-64
65
13,676
Total Population by Community
1990
Madras
Warm Springs Reservation
Culver
Metolius
Ashwood Area
Camp Sherman
Crooked River Ranch
Other Areas
13,676
By Race As of 1990 Census
Projected by Portland State University
Compiled by The MadrasJefferson County Chamber of Commerce
Useful Internet lingo to
So you won't get flamed (hit with nasty
e-mail) or labeled a newbie (new user of the
Net), bone up on these:
ASCII: a universal computer code for
grazing system
tAnAnronhif PntUG Ulth Ci
topography. Cows with calves, for example,
usually will not use steep topograpny as iuuy
as dry cows or yearlings. Texas Longhorns
work best for verticle pastures.
Cattle raised on flat, open grasslands usu
ally do not adapt well when relocated to steep
or timbered grazing lands. An animal's pre
vious grazing experience should also be con
sidered when purchasing new animals. This
is because cattle unfamiliar with the kind of
plants in a pasture usually will not perform as
well as cattle that previously have grazed
similar forages.
Number of Cattle. Too many animals
will cause cattle performance to decline, but
the soil and vegetation will have deteriorated
before animal performance begins to suffer.
Cattle Distribution. Prevent large num
bers of cattle from congreating, especially on
sensitive areas such as along streams. If
cattle are causing soil or plant damage, it is
often a problem of poor animal distribution
rather than too many animals.
Grazing Selectivity. Cattle make choices
and select those plant species and plant parts
they find the least objectionable. Grazing
systems can affect the extent to which cattle
are allowed to graze selectively. The best
individual animal performance will result
when cattle are allowed to be the most selec
Notables
Th liirffest oaid subscription farm maga
zine in the U.S. Selected features include
the latest in machinery, farm and family,
and press releases (latest projects, pro
grams and special events).
Weather:
Crop Weather http:www.usda.gov
nasspubsstaterpt.htm
In addition to hourly weather reports,
this site includes synopsis of monthly crop
responses to recent weather as well as crop
response to projected or forcastcd weather.
Weather http:www.weather.com
Internet site developed by the Weather
Channel specializing in breaking weather,
U.S. city forecasts, international city fore
casts, weather maps, and travel conditions.
Government:
Department of Agriculture http:
www.usda.gov
An outline of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's programs nationwide and in
the Pacific Region, which includes Oregon,
Washington, Idaho and Montana.
House Committee on Agriculture http:
Avww.house.govagriculture
Includes information on legislation
schedules, Agriculture House committee
members, agriculture subcommittees, ju
risdiction, rules, press releases, hearings,
and publications.
FiimbiU http:www.usda.gov
farmbill
Interne! itr which includes information
on Farm Bill press releases, and Farm Bill
almanac (key dates, deadlines, and poli
cies). Also includes summary of major
provisions of the Farm Bill.
Other Agriculture Links:
Agriculture Online http:
www.agriculture.com
A comprehensive guide to all things
agriculture. The site features a long list of
other agriculture sites, including ones de
voted to crops, government agencies, envi
ronmental groups, international connections
and even how to cook food.
Fanner's Guide to the Internet http:
Jefferson County Demographics
1990
4,608
2,961
2,551
1,855
1201
15,400
1994
5,234
3,387
2,832
2,059
1.888
18,289 (Projected)
1994
4,200
3,750
625
465
315
200
2,500
18,289 (Projected)
3,443
3,076
570
450
326
150
1,800
3.861
15,400
White
Black
American Indian
Hispanic Origin
AsianPacific Islander
Other
9,530
20
2,551
1,448
62
65
help understand, not
English letters and characters, and also a
method, or protocol, for copying files from
one computer to anotner over a neiwuin.
Domain: the last part of an Internet
tive in choosing their forage. Individual
animal performance will drop below maxi
mum whenever cattle are forced to graze
less selectively. Non-selective grazing is
appropriate when the objective is to prevent
plants from becoming too coarse or "wolfy ."
Cattle generally perform better under
less intensive grazing systems, whereas
forage plants are ususally healthy under
slightly more intensive grazing systems.
Because the conditions and objectives
of your operation are unique, the economic
outcome of a new grazing system can't be
precisely known until after it is imple
mented. Therefore, be cautious when con
sidering economic projections of changes
to your grazing plan.
Good grazing systems develop condi
tions for soil and vegetation improvement.
Several years may pass, however, before
any improvement is very noticeable.
Flexibility is critical. Manage your pas
tures and animals according to the varying
plant, animal, and economic conditions that
exist, not according to specific calendar
dates or pasture rotation schedules.
You're the key to success. If it's your
grazing plan, then it's up to you to make it
work.
www.rural.orgfarmersguide
This site of the Farmer's Guide to the
Internet goes far beyond helping farmers to
have quick access to the information ncces-
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ff 111
Water Land
..
sary for them to run their businesses, though
that is a significant goal in itself. The larger
intention is to help build a user base in rural
communities sufficient to make the rural de
livery of Internet service by commercial com
panies profitable at competitive market prices.
Future Farmers of America http:
www.ffa.org
The web site is directed towards FFA mem
bers, their advisors, and others searching for
premier leadership, personal growth and ca
reer success through agricultural education.
Farmer's Hotline http:
www.farmershotline.com
The site features recommendations and re
views of farm equipment and machinery.
Essentially an internet site for farmers and
ranchers interested in buying and selling farm
equipment and agriculture related products.
Once again, these are just a few sites con
cerning agriculture that may be of interest.
The WWW is not only an effective means of
staying abreast information and technology, it
is also a lot of fun. If you have any questions
concerning the Internet, give us a call at the
extension office.
2000
6,473
3,430
3,659
2,480
2.247
2000
5,082
4,536
765
558
320
242
3,025
3.761
70.00
.15
18.33
10.59
.45
48
100.00
1995
be labeled a newbie
. .i ii
arlrtrpcQ such as news.com
Emoticon: a smiley, such as :-) or :-( which
indicate the obvious emotions.
F2F: Meeting correspondents face to face.
FAQ: frequently asked questions, and a
compilation of answers.
Freeware: software that doesn't cost any
thing. , A .
FTP: file transfer protocol. A system tor
transferring files across the Net.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language; used
by programmers to link web pages.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol; a
means of transferring HTML documents be
tween computers.
Hypertext: An interactive documentation
technique which allows the user to select cer
tain words and phrases and immediately dis
play related information for the selected item.
IRC: Internet Relay Chat- A real time com
munications system allowing many people to
coverse in a text based forum over channels
that are organized by topic.
Server: A computer program or a machine
which provides a service to others over a
network.
TCPIP: Transmission Control Protocol
Internet Protocol-The standard means of trans
mission over the Internet.
URL: Universal Resource Locator- A
method for specifying the location of a file
over a computer network.
Usenet: A bulletin board system by which
messages are passed between computers orga
nized by subject into units called
"newsgroups".
1