Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
February 13, 1997 13
" omar itwi umwy
(503) 553-3238
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people ot Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture. Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs ,
and materials equally to all people.
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
Mcl vin Te wee's 4-H Coed Basketball club
is signing up players now. They practice on
Thursdays from 6 - 8 p.m. at the Middle
School in Madras, and on Fridays from 6 8
p.m. at Westsidc Elementary school in Ma
dras. Mcl vin's club consists of two teams; 3
and Under Boys and Girls and 1 3 and Older
Girls. To sign-up, stop by the 4-H office.
Another club gearing up for action shortly
is the Warm Springs Livestock Crew. Lead
ers are Sandi Thomas and Angie Orchard.
They will meet towards mid-February, but
haven't picked a specific date yet. The club
is accepting new members, and while the
current members raise swine and steer
projects you can join and raise poultry, rabbit
or small animals. If you are interested give us
a call here at the Extension office or contact
Angie Orchard at Warm Springs Elemen
tary. Applications are now available for the
1 997 Growing with 4-H Community Service
Gardening grants. The applications must be
turned in by March 4th. Ten 4-H clubs or
groups will be selected in March to receive
$500 for their proposed gardening plans.
Grants may be used to buy plants, seeds, soil
amendments, or other materials necessary to
Extent of Elder
Abuse: PART 4.
OVC Participant Manual and Norma L.
Simpson
f While reliable data on the incidence of
elder abuse is scarce, most researchers agree
that over 1.5 million seniors, or about 5
percent of the elderly population, are abused
by their loved ones annually. While it is also
estimated that only about one of every 14
domestic elder abuse incidents is reported,
the number of cases that are reported each
year is rising dramatically. Between 1986
and 1992, the number or reported cases of
elder abuse rose 94 percent.
About two-thirds of elder abuse victims
are female. It should be noted, however, that
elderly women significantly outnumber eld
erly men. Consequently, while there are more
actual cases of abuse to women, men are also
likely to be victims.
The early research on elder abuse por
trayed abuse as situations where very old
women were mistreated by well-meaning
but overstressed family members who were
taking care of them. These early SfUdie-5 did
not distinguish about the types of abuse.
More recent research, however, has revealed
very different profiles of the victims and the
abusers and the situations in which the abuse
occurs. In PART 5 - PROFILES OF VIC
TIMS, ABUSERS, AND CIRCUM
STANCES SURROUNDING ABUSE, in
next month's Spilyay, we will look at each
category of abuse the dynamics of the abu
sive relationships.
The goal in Warms Springs is to reduce
and eliminate the cases of abuse to the El
ders. If you want to join the crusade on behalf
of the elders, please contact Elton Greeley at
the Senior Center (553-3313) or Norma L.
Simpson (553-32380) at OSUWarm Springs
Extension Service.
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: How do you rate as a cattleman?
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
1 . Do you see that your bulls are fed right
and kept in prime physical condition so they
can do their job?
2. Do you carefully watch cows when
they are calving, and just as carefully check
to see they are re-bred at the proper time?
3. Do you keep cows on your place that
are non-producers?
4. Do you keep your home place in good
repair so livestock won't be in your neighbor's
Arlcne Boilcau
4-H & Youth
Norma Simpson
I lome Economics
Bob Pawclek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
complete the project. Clubs or groups that
apply do not need to have 4-H members
enrolled in horticulture projects.
Registration has opened for 4-H
Baskctmuking. This class will be held on two
Saturdays in March March 1st & 8th from
I 4 p.m. at the 4-H Center. There is no cost,
but you must sign-up at the 4-H office before
the class as we can only take IS students.
Students must be in 5th through 12th grades
for Baskctmaking.
The "Know Your Indian Government"
planning committee has met, and started down
the road to cover how to teach tribal govern
ment. At our first meeting on January 2 1 st we
addressed two questions - What should we
teach and How should we teach it ? The
committee agreed that the course should start
with history, to cover how we got to where
we're at right now. "Know Your Indian Gov
ernment" will be a half-day or full day ses
sion held in mid to late March for middle
through high school students. Registration
dates and class limits will be set at our Feb
ruary 4th meeting. Besides the half day or
full day session, the committee decided there
should be an orientation meeting which
could include a presentation on Indian gov
ernment. The day session will be mainly
hands-on activities and tours, with brief lec
tures. Subjects that were discussed to be
included in the class included; structure, his
tory, current government, elected officials,
constitution and by-laws, and organizational
chart and more. The planning committee will
be developing some tools for "Know Your
Indian Government'- posters, a glossary and
booklet, plus handouts with brief descrip
tions of government entities and their func
tions. "Know Your Indian Government" will
be held right before "Know Your State Gov
ernment" - a 4-H function that will be held in
Salem in April. Registration for "Know Your
State Government" is going on now. Appli
cations are available at the 4-H office and
from Foster Kalama at the Middle or High
School. Students must apply by February
21st to the Jefferson County 4-H office in
Madras.
Thinking of the End of 1996 and
the Beginning of 1997
by Norma L. Simpson, Extension Home
Economics Agent
I'm sitting in the office on the last Friday
before Christmas, trying to complete Annual
Reports of Accomplishments and iniate Plans
of Work for the coming year. So many things
happened during 1996 that it is a surprise that
many wonderful things were mixed with sad
events. To get some inspiration to write about
things I'm thankful for, I often check Stephen
Covey's Daily Reflection for Highly Effec
tive People, his book based on his popular
best selling book 7 Habits of Highly Effec
tive People. Somehow he seems to have just
the right touches to make you think.
His entry for December 3 1 goes like this:
"I believe that as human beings, we
cannot perfect ourselves. To the degree to
which we align ourselves with correct prin
ciples, divine endowments will be released
within our nature in enabling us to fulfill the
measure of our creation. In the words of
Teilhard de Chardin, 'We are not human
beings having a spiritual experience.We are
spiritual beings having ahuman experience.'"
The sadness we have felt this last year
reminds us that spiritual experience contin
ues after this earthly human experience is
ended. We can cherish the memories of the
loved ones we have lost, the health that has
slipped, and the growth as a person we have
gained.
When we go into the new year, we can
look at the beginning of Daily Reflections
pastures?
5. Do you practice calfhood vaccination
of heifer calves which you plan to keep for
herd replacements orsell for breeding stock?
6. Do you check your cattle carefully and
isolate and treat sick ones?
7. Do you treat cattle for internal and
external parasites?
8. Do you treat your bulls for parasites as
well?
9. Do you immunize calves for Blackleg,
BVD and Lepto?
10. Are your cows individually identi
fied? 1 1 . Where do you keep herd records?
12. Do you body condition score (BCS)
your cows? Your heifers?
1 3. Doyou weigh your calves at weaning,
at 365 days?
14. Do you grade your cattle at weaning,
at 365 days?
15. Do you minimize stress on calves at
processing and weaning?
16. Do you feed calves for at least 4 days
between weaning and shipping?
17. Have you heard of Beef Quality As
surance? 1 8. Do you performance test your cattle?
19. Do you belong to or support the Or
egon Cattlemen's Association or
the National Cattlemen's Association?
20. If a purebred breeder, do you belong
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag 5c Natural Resources
Natural Resource Notables-
by Uotlic Shaw
What's the llci-f?
Oregon's cattle industry, with the help of
thcOregon Department of Agriculture, is plan
ning to "beef up" its marketing efforts to
Russia this year by penetrating deeper into
the Russian Far East with meat products
suited to the tastes of a people known for
eating a lot of beef.
Russia is looking closely at U.S. beef in
general. Oregon, as a major producer of cattle
and calves, would like to cash in on the
growing Russian interest.
"We arc not talking about grain fed beef
steers or heifers that go into a fecdlot," says
John Kratochvil, international trade manager
with ODA's Agricultural Marketing and
Development Division. "We arc talking about
beef cows and beef bulls. That's what we
have in Oregon. Ourquality of beef cows fits
that market."
Russia used to be one of the world's larg
est grain importers. It is now the world's
second largest meat importer and no longer a
major grain importer. The change from a
central plan economy to a free market has
virtually done away with the massive grain
imports that supplied an ovcrcxpanded and
inefficient livestock sector that was highly
subsidized. Russia's livestock sector has de
creased more than 40 over the past few
years.
"The Russians are about 50 self suffi
cient in livestock products," says Kratochvil.
"Large beef herds really don't exist there
anymore."
So, opportunity knocks for an Oregon
beef industry that could truly use an overseas
market for its products. The industry's prof
itability has slipped in recent years. After a
long string of annually being the state's num
ber one agricultural commodity, cattle has
slipped to number three.
"As part of an overall diversification of
our industry, finding a new market such as
Russia for Oregon beef is very important,"
says Sue Ramsay of Scio, chair of the Oregon
Cattlemen's Association Beef Improvement
Committee. "There is great potential in Rus
sia for the mature cull cow and bull market.
In the long term, there is potential for the
steer market as the Russian's tastes for beef
January 1 reads like this: "If we want to
change a situation, we first have to change
ourselves. And to change ourselves effec
tively, we first have to change our percep
tions." January 2 reads like this: "We must look
at the lens through which we see the world, as
well as at the world we see, and undcrtand
that the lens itself shapes how we interpret
the world."
A Warm Springs woman saw the 7 Habits
of Highly Effective People and asked to
borrow it. At my first Jefferson County Staff
meeting I was introduced to Covey's work.
Here are principles that lead to the 7
Habits:
Habit 1-Be Proactive;
Habit 2-Begin with the End in Mind;
Habit 3-Put First Things First;
Habit 4-Think Win-Win of interpersonal
leadership;
Habit 5-Seek First to Understand, then to
be Understood;
Habit 6-Synergize through creative coop
erative teamwork, valuing differences by
bringing different perspectives together;
Habit 7-Sharpen the Saw the habit of
self-renewal of the physical, spiritual, men
tal and socilaemotional dimensions of your
nature. You may recognize many or all of
these principles in the traditional ways of the
Warm Springs peoples.
HAPPY NEW YEAR, may it be a safe and
productive one, filled with vision, for every
one! to your breed association?
21. Do you express your views before or
after changes are made that affect your busi
ness? ,
22. Do you keep informed of nutritional
changes?
23. Doyou keep informed of market trends,
or accept what is offered?
24. Do you contribute to the promotion of
your product?
25. Do you keep an open mind and try to
learn new things about the cattle business?
Grow herbs year round
Nothing beats the taste of fresh herbs in
the winter. Basil, cilantro, parsley, chives,
chcrvill, dill, orcgano, summer savory and
sweet marjoram can be grown from seed in a
southern window of a warm house.
Plant any of the above mentioned herb
seeds in pots filled with a rich well-drained,
sterilized potting mix, according to Ross
Pcnhallcgon. hortculturist with the Oregon
State University Extension Service. Cover
the pots with a plastic bag or clear w rap until
germination occurs. Put pots in a sunny w in
dow in a warm room and keep soil moist.
Snip bits of fresh herbs as needed through
out winter and spring. You can plant the
herbs outdoors water the w calher warms up.
develop."
Right now, most consumers in Russia's
Far East, an area targeted by Oregon agricul
ture, cat beef produced in Mongolia. There is
no comparison to Oregon beef.
"The Mongolian beef is tough and is
handled through the bazaars, or public mar
kets, in a standard that Americans would
look upon as not meeting our quality," says
Kratochvil. "When the beef is taken back
home, it is boiled extensively. So the Rus
sians arc not used to beef cuts. In fact, ham
burger is something quite unusual to them.
So we have an opportunity to introduce beef
that meets their price points and budget that
is also a good quality for them."
Kratochvil, representing ODA, and
Ramsay, representing the Cattlemen's Asso
ciation, will be among those traveling to a
pair of major Russian cities in the next few
weeks, explaining how to import U.S. prod
ucts and, more specifically, explaining the
virtues of Oregon beef. A USDA grant pays
for the trip.
At the end of February, the Oregon con
tingent will travel to Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk,
two cities of more than a million people
located considerably farther west than previ
ous overtures to the Russian Far East.
"We will be doing two seminars that will
feature a luncheon of beef dishes," says
Kratochvil. "Not only will there be fresh
frozen beef, we will take value added cuts of
beef, thin slices of beef with gravy.
We'll go ahead and show an extensive
amount of hamburger, from patties to dishes
like lasagna. We will display the meat as it is
purchased and as it is prepared."
The educational process is important.
After all, Oregon beef is not the type the
Russians will be compelled to simply boil.
"The Russian diet is meat and potatoes," says
Kratochvil. "They consume a lot of poultry
from the United States. About 25 of all
poultry exports from the U.S. go to Russia.
They are now saying they are tired of chicken
and would like other meats. Beef is a meat
they do prefer. The basic supply and demand
is there and it does match up with what
Oregon has to offer."
This is not the first foray of Oregon beef
to Russia. Two years ago, Kratochvil and the
Stream temperatures are biologically
significant
by Carol Savonen, source Bob Beschta
Ongoing studies are showing that the mere
presence of relatively clean water in pacific
Northwest streams isn't enough to keep
salmon and trout thriving. The water also has
to be cool.
Elevated water temperatures in the sum
mer might mean trouble for salmon and trout
and the food they eat, according to Oregon
State University hydrologist Bob Beschta.
"Stream temperatures are an indirect indi
cator of the ecological condition of our rivers
and streams, a measure of the state of the
system," said Beschta, OSU hydrology pro
fessor in forest engineering. "Many of our
streams in eastern Oregon are not well. They
are too warm in the summer."
Beschta presented a talk entitled, "Stream
Temperatures in Eastern Oregon-Are the Fish
Really in Hot Water?" at the recent James A.
Vomocil Water Quality Conference at OSU.
Recently, more than 500 segments of
Oregon's rivers and streams were classified
as "water quality limited" based on their high
tempertures by the Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ). OSU scien
tists, including Beschta and stream ecologist
Stan Gregory, helped DEQ develop Oregon's
standards for water temperatures necessary
to comply with the Federal Clean Water Act.
"Our fish are indeed in hot water," said
Beschta. "It amazes me that we still have
salmon and trout in some of the places on the
east side. It's a testimony to their ability to
survive. But ultimately they will be gone if
we don't do something.
"The fish are just barely surviving by
seeking out cool water seeps on hot days," he
added. "High stream temperatures are some
times lethal for fish. Warm water handicaps
their ability maintain themselves. Tempera
ture regulates the rates of process in biology.
"Everything that lives in a stream is af
fected by warm temperatures and warm
stream temperatures are a common problem
in eastern Oregon," he said.
The OSU Extension office
wishes everyone a Happy
Valentine's Day & a safe and
joyful President's Day, also
welcome aboard Faye Hurtado
Suppah as Education's
Executive Secretary
Oregon Beef Council introduced a value
added line of beef conveniently packaged in
a plastic bag ready for boiling water. The
packet consisted of beef in gravy with bits of
Oregon onions and carrots that could be
served on a, bed of Oregon dehydrated potato
flakes. Actually, the Russians loved it but the
meal was d bit ahead of its time.
"We were a little avanl garde for the
marketplace," recalls Kratochvil. "In Rus
sia, meals arc generally done from scratch.
This value-added meal was perhaps a little
threatening to their culture of total prepara
tion of meals."
That is expected to change as more Rus-
j Water yt Land
sian women enter the workplace. Like all
other developing economics, convenience
will become a highly marketable feature for
food products. Oregon beef can once again
make another try at value added.
"Oregon can't just be a producer of
calves," says Ramsay. "We need to match up
our product to the market and make decisions
that are consumcrdriven."
The Russian venture is not without its
challenges. To import, Russian trading com
panies often face the problem of borrowing
money from Russian banks at 200 annual
interest. There is also a general lack of knowl
edge of what Oregon has to offer. The up
coming seminars may not help solve the
former, but will at least begin to address the
latter.
For more information, contact John
Kratochvil at (503) 229-6734.
The east side has open country interspersed
with forest, more sunny days and relatively
hot stream and river temperatures in basins
such as the John Day and Grande Ronde.
"I'm not saying these stream systems did
not get warm before land use such as logging
and grazing in riparian systems," said Beschta.
"They probably did. But there was generally
more plant cover along steams and their
channels were often narrower and more sinu
ous. There were no roads or ditches blocking
the flow of cooler water underneath flood
plains into the river. There were probably
more cool places fro fish to hide.
"Now many of the riparian ecosystems
are not intact, streamside vegetation is often
gone, channels are wide and shallower, with
more sun hitting the water surface," he added.
"Temperatures are high and it is tough if
you're a fish."
Nevertheless, Beschta remains optimistic
that water quality in Oregon's streams and
rivers can be improved.
"We hav learned that if we keep streams
shaded with vegetation, then we not only get
less warmuig of the water, we also get many
other benefits such as more diverse channel
morphology, increased plant and animal
material in the stream, increased bank strength
from plant and tree roots and increased woody
debris for fish habitat," he said.
"If we had 20 years of riparian restoration
on eastside stream systems, we would see a
large change toward better water quality,"
Beschta said. "We have a lot of opportunity
to lower the water temperature through man
agement pactices in the state or Orgon. For
those that disagree, I say "Let's do the experi
ments." Demonstration areas make pretty
honest science."
The annual James A. Vomocil water
qualiity conference is sponsored by the OSU
Extension Service and the Oregon Water
Quality Conference is sponsored by the OUS
Extenson Service and the Oregon Water
Resources Research Institute.