Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
October 24, 1996 9
romammmmmmvi
service
(503) 553-3238
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Norma Simpson
Home Economics
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag & Natural Resources
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers its programs
and materials equally to all people.
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The Clover speaks-
by sue Kyan
I have reached more club leaders since my
last column. The Warm Springs Livestock
Crew is accepting new members. The club
won't meet until January, but now is a good
time for interested youth to talk with the club
leaders about requirements. This club raises
animal science projects, either swine, beef or
sheep. To enter into an animal science project
4-H members must be at least in the 4th
grade, and there is some investment in buy
ing the animal and equipment the first year.
Leaders this year are Angie Orchard and
Sandi Thomas.
The Chinooks-Cocd basketball team has
started practices. Coach Mclvin Tewee is
accepting new members - both boys and
girls. Practices are held on Thursdays from
6-8 pm at the Jefferson County Middle School
in Madras. For either of these clubs, you need
to stop by the 4-H office and fill out an
official 4-H registration form.
4-H Recognition Day is set for Saturday,
November 9th. This day is set aside to ac
knowledge individuals and groups in the 4-H
program of their achievements.
One of the most popular pets in Warm
Springs are dogs and puppies. In this edition
of the Spilyay Tymoo, I'll share some guide
lines on the care of dogs and puppies from
4-H publication 1208. To begin with, any
person who owns a dog should realize the
commitment he or she has taken to provide
proper feeding and care for a living animal.
This responsibility means providing both
time and money to support owning a dog.
Besides financial costs, there is the needed
time for keeping your dog clean, feeding and
watering and training the dog to become a
well-mannered pet. The responsiblily of
owning a dog will continue throughout the
dog's life, which many exceed 10 years.
Caring for a dog means constant daily care.
It is not something that can be turned off and
on as a machine.
How do you select the right dog ? When
you see that puppy with the wagging tail,
don't lose your sense of judgement. Remem
ber that in about 12 months he will be full
grown dog, and for future happiness you
Natural Resource Notables-
should select a pup that will suit you and fit
into your environment and lifestyle when he
is a grown dog. Some factors to consider
when picking a dog include: mixed breed or
purebred, indoor or outdoor, hair length, size
of home and exercise area, age and physical
stamina of owner, male or female.
By Bodie Shaw
Natural Resources & Agriculture
Extension Agent
The National Tribal Environmental Coun
cil OSU Extension has recently received some
valuable information concerning tribal lands
and resources that might be of interest to
many of you. A national organization known
as the National Tribal Environmental Coun
cil (NTEC) is leading the charge for Native
Peoples and the environment. NTEC is a
coalition of 18 tribes whose purpose is to
enhance tribal ability to protect, preserve
and promote wise management of air, land
and water for the benefit of current and
future generations. NTEC represents the in
terests of its membership to federal agencies
such as the EPA so that a cohesive tribal
viewpoint will be visible in matters such as
environmental regulations and the allotment
of funds. As NTEC's membership grows, it
is expected that a truly Native American
voice in environmental matters will be heard.
In March of 1997, the fourth National
Conference will be held at the Mississippi
Choctaw Reservation. Prior to the confer
ence, NTEC will be conducting a National
Environmental Review (NER) of Indian
lands. Participating tribes will fill out and
file a comprehensive questionnaire dealing
with environmental issues on their reserva
tions. A report summarizing and outlining
the NER will be presented at the conference.
Tribes which do not.send representatives to
the conference may receive the summary
report and information about the NTEC and
tribal environmental issues. Contact Marg
aret Cover, Administrator, at 505-242-2 1 75,
or NTEC, 1225 Rio Grand NW, Albuquer
que, NM 87 104. 1 also have some additional
information here at our office so give me a
call.
Huckleberry Education Project
Recently, a project entitled "The Huckle
berry Education Project: Culture and Sci
ence" was finished and approved for distri
bution within the Warm Springs Commu
nity. The project is a video-based natural re
source education program designed to create
Vaccinium membranaceum (thin-leaf huck
leberry) into an exciting and relevant learn
ing experience for Native American students
in the context of cultural awareness. Cultur
ally important activities and resources have
dwindled dramatically in Native American
communities over the past century. This pro
gram focuses on the cultural significance and
management of the huckleberry, one of the
most important cultural plants to the Confed
erated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indians.
The educational package includes a vid
eotape, and supplementary educational
guides. The video is a 22-minute production
with a mid-program break for discussion.
The first half is devoted to tribal elders shar
ing stories from past experiences with huck
leberries, focusing primarily on cultural and
traditional aspects. The second half is di
rected toward management methods that
could be implemented to ensure sustainability
of huckleberries on the reservation.
Project Partners include the Confederated
Tribes of the Warm Springs Indians and
Oregon State University. The video was pro
duced, edited and narrated by Bodie Shaw,
Natural Resources and Agriculture Exten
sion Agent at Warm Springs. Warm Springs
community members on the video include
Catherine Courtney, Fannie Waheneka Chief
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Delvis Heath, Faye Waheneka, Pinky
Beymer, Mavis Shaw, and Louie Pitt. Tech
nical advice and assistance was provided by
Dr. Ed Jensen, Jeff Hino, and Mark Reed of
the Forest Media Center at Oregon State
University.
For more information about the Huckle
berry Education Project, call Bodie Shaw at
OSU extension, 553-3238.
"The Cycle of Grief 11 pamphlet available at OSU
4-H Youth Cooking Series
4-H Fall Youth Cookingseries For Youth in grades 4th and up
Starts November 7th Skip Thanksgiving Day End on December 19th
Meet each Thursday from 4:00 to 5:30 pm in the 4-H Kitchen
FREE!
You need to sign-up by the Tuesday before each class or you can sign up
or tne entire series at one tune, rarents are responsioie ror transportation
to and from this event.
Schedule:
Th., November 7th "Kitchen Basics and Safety"
Th., November 1 4th "Bonzo with Biscuits"
Th., November 2 1 st "Make Your Own Dinner, Pizzaman"
Th., December 5th "Warm Springs Foods"
Th., December 12th "Holiday Cookies !!!"
Th., December 1 9 th"Holiday Cookies II !!!"
Cooking class to be
held on October 31
by Norma L. Simpson
Yes, I know, Halloween Night is a great
time for trick or treating, and for the bash at
the Community Center. But It's also a great
night to learn more about "Dem Bones" and
the nutrition that you need to keep Dem
Bones in good shape for the rest of your life.
I'll be in my skeleton mask, Thursday,
October 31, 5 pm to 6 pm at the Wellness
Center Kitchen. We hope you will join us,
too, in a Halloween costume. We even let
ordinary mortals come to the class in regular
clothes. In costume you can go directly to the
Community Center for their party that starts
at 6 pm and rund to 9 pm when the dance
begins for the older kids.
Health Cooking class will focus on the
foods loaded with calcium including milk
products.
We'll learn to squeeze calcium out of the
old soup bone.
We'll try "abra-ka-dabra" to make milk
for those who can't drink regular milk.
We'll learn how to avoid holes in your
bones.
We'll learn to tie bones in a knot, how to
avoid kidney stones, about bone banks where
skeletons can get real replacements.
And we will make a Slow Cooker Stew for
hungry learners.
Come Join us for a Free, Free for all with
Dem Bones. We might even sing a line or
too.
Costumes made
easy
by Norma L. Simpson
So your child told you that he needs a
costume for next week or tonight. If you want
to save some money, you might see the ideas
we have for costumes. Those commercial
costumes can be very expensive. Come to the
Education Center, 1110 Wasco Street and
ask for Norma, Sue or Deanie to show you
the patterns or books. We have a sheet of
drawings of 60 patterns in a book called
EASY HALLOWEEN COSTUMES FOR
CHILDREN.
Here's a sample from page 80, for cos
tume No. 51 SKELETON
White balaclava helmet from pattern W-2.
White face, black around eyes and one nose
and lips.
Black tunic from Pattern B and black
pants from Pattern G. Cut simple bones, as
shown from, white self-adhesive vinyl and
press them directly onto costume (they can
be removed later to use the outfit as pajamas
or other costumes). Instead of self-adhesive
vinyl, cut the bones from white felt and tack
them temporarily in place. (Optional: Black
gloves from Pattern X-2; glue white finger
bones on gloves.) Black trick or treat bag
with a white skull and crossbones from vinyl
or felt for decorations.
by Norma L. Simpson
Yesterday I had a sad telephone call from
a Tribal woman asking about videos on
Grief. At one time we had such a video, but
it was not returned when it was borrowed.
Perhaps it was such a good video that it
has been used again and again. As the caller
said "Warm Springs families are in constant
mourning, and this time it's my family that
needs help."
So I have gone searching to find a new
video to deal with the cycle of Grief that all
people go through when they lose a loved
one. In the mean time I will make additional
copies of a useful series of publications
called "Learning to Live with Our Loss"
which I wrote about several months ago
-"Grief and the Mourning Process" , "Help
ing Children Understand Death" , "Under
standing Men Who Grieve" and "For Teen
agers: Facing the Loss of Someone You
Love." This series was produced by the
North Central Regional Extension Consor
tium of 13 land grant universities and shared
with Oregon State University.
I know that there are special rituals for
grieving on the reservations, but the caller
reminded me "Not everyone follows those
rituals. Our anger, pain and hatred runs so
deep that we can not get over the sorrow and
agony that we feel."
We talked about the Cycle that we all go
through in our loss and we talked about the
difference of removing the possessions of
the departed compared to saving every
memory and returning possessions given to
the departed loved one by family and friends.
Other parts of the cycle may be viewed
differently but they will be part of the con
sideration. We go through a CYCLE OF
PROTEST. We are in shock like we are in
another world, confused, denial that our
loved one is gone, shame and blame that we
are still here, anger to the point of rage and
guilt
We have so many physical changes that
we do not recognize ourselves. Tough people
who cry all the time, have headaches and
backaches. We are sick to our stomach,
shortness of breath, heart palpitations, loss
of appetite, sleep all the time or can't sleep
at all. We talk so fast no one can understand
us or our speech becomes so slow that we
feel we are in TV slow motion. We are often
haunted with the memories of the last things
we said to our friend, grandparent or child.
After he pulled a prank on me, jokingly I
said to a friend "I could kill you for that" and
two days later he was killed when he was
thrown by his horse. I felt so guilty, respon
sible for my friends death. That was forty
years ago. It teaches you to only say what
you mean.
CYCLE OF DESPAIR After we thought
that the pain would go away, we enter into
the next cycle of agony, anguish, depres
sion and grief. We continue to have physical
changes, accident prone, nausea, and grasp
ing for more humor but not being satisfied
when we laugh.
CYCLE OF DETACHMENT Some
times you totally change your personality.
When one highly respected young man found
out that he was dying of cancer with only a
few months to live, he broke up with is
fiance, did wild thinks he would never think
of doing before, and isolated himself from all
his old friends and family members. "He
said, I'm going to do all those temptations
that I stayed away from." His loved ones
mourned him twice, once during his trans
formation and once when they put him in the
ground at age 19. The mourners became
withdrawn, indifferent to the events in the
community, unwilling to share their sorrow
and to give up rather than getting back to the
life around them.
They lost their spontaneity, their lively
expressions until at last the pain subsided.
"Each mourner needs to find a balance
between withdrawal and overextension...
escaping by staying busy so you don't have
to think about what has happened."
CYCLE OF ADAPTING "The process
of mourning helps us to re-enter the world
alone. Each time we find a way to accom
plish a task or to go someplace without our
loved one, we are successfully functioning in
our new world in spite of our loss. But the
process takes time. ...In time the constant
hurting is replaced by memories of the past
relationship. We can remember our loved
one without always feeling sad, when we can
remember weaknesses as well as strengths,
we are learning to adapt to our changed
world."
LEARNING TO LIVE WITH LOSS, a
six part series of publications is available any
time you want it. Copies will be in the rack
outside my door on the main floor of the
Warm Springs Education Center, 1 1 10 Wasco
Street. If you do not find the publication that
you need, please tell us. We will try to get
what you need. We will listen to you and feel
your pain.
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUPiDrossbreeding horses-
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Crossbreeding has not been studied in
detail in horses as it has in other species of
farm animals.
Most breeds of horses have been devel
oped for a specific purpose which requires a
particular form and function. Crossing two
or more breeds that differ considerably in
form and function, Belgian and Thorough
bred for instance, would probably produce a
vigorous crossbred progeny, but it would
probably rank midway between the parents
in performance, and would not perform as
satisfactorily for a particular purpose as one
of the parent breeds.
Crossing draft horses with Thoroughbreds
would probably produce an offspring that
would not perform as well as the draft parent
for draft purposes or would not race as well
as the Thoroughbred parent. But it would
probably make for a pretty stout saddlehorse.
Crossbreeding of Thoroughbred and Quar
ter Horses has been practiced in the U.S. for
many years. These are listed as two separate
breeds in books that discuss breeds of horses.
The sale catalog of Quarter Horses at the
National Quarter Horse Congress in the fall
of 1995 had 81 six-generation pedigrees
listed. Of this number, 48 pedigrees showed
some Thoroughbred breeding, usually in the
top side of the pedigree. The Thoroughbred
stallion Three Bars appeared at least 40 times
in these 81 pedigrees.
Very little inbreeding or linebreeding was
detected in these pedigrees, and when I did
find it, the percentage of inbreeding was
about 12.5 percent. It looks like some Thor
oughbred blood in Quarter Horses produced
faster-running progeny and possibly im
proved type and conformation.
Some research concerning the crossbreed
ing of trotting horses has come from Europe.
In one study, trotting speed of crossbred
American X Russian Trotters was compared
with that of purebred Russian Trotters over a
distance of one mile. Trotting speed was
measured at three, and again at four years of
age. The offspring three-year-old crossbreds,
on the average, trotted a mile in 2 minutes
22.8 seconds, as compared to 2 minutes 25.9
seconds for purebred Russian Trotters.
At four years of age, the average speed for
crossbred was 2 minutes 18.8 seconds as
compared to 2 minutes 20.6 seconds for the
purebred Russian Trotters. Almost four times
as may crossbreds were in the 2 minute 15
second class than were the purebred Russian
Trotters.Another report involves a compari
son of crosses or Tennessee Trotters with
Russian Trotters, and the two purebred at
two, three and four years of age showed an
average advantage for the crossbreds.
A largerpercentage of the crossbreds were
in the 2 minute 20 second class than were the
purebreds. The result from these two re
search reports indicate that there is some
hybrid vigor for trotting speed when crosses
are made between two or more unrelated
breeds. Naturally, some breeds would not
work in research of this sort. How ever, cross
ing two related breeds for a trait may increase
the performance in the crossbred progeny.
November
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
Put lime on western Oregon lawns.
Check potatoes in storage and remove any going bad.
Western Oregon: plant garlic for harvest next summer.
Western Oregon: bait garden, flower beds for slugs during rainy periods.
Fruit tree sanitation: to prevent possible spread of leaf diseases, rake and destroy
leaves from trees that were diseased this year.
Place mulch around berries for winter protection.
Tie red raspberry canes to wires; prune to 1 foot above the top wire or wrap the
canes around the top wire. Check for holes made by crown borers at base of plant,
treat with registered insecticides if seen.
Western Oregon: good time to transplant landscape trees and shrubs.
Prune roses to "knee-high" to prevent winter wind damage.
Still time to plant spring-flowering bulbs, but don't delay.
Renew mulch around perennial flower beds after removing weeds.
Western Oregon: Take cuttings of rhododendrons and camellias; propagate
begonias from leaf cuttings.
Place mulch of manure over dormant vegetable garden area. A 3- to 4-inch
layer of leaves spread over the garden plot prevents soil compaction by rain.
Cover rhubarb and asparagus beds with strawy manure.
Plan erosion control; use mulches, fir boughs, etc., to prevent compaction from
rain and from soil washing.
Moss appearing in lawn means too much shade, poor drainage, low fertility, soil
compaction, or thin stand of grass.
Watch for wet soil and drainage problems in yard during heavy rains. Tiling,
ditching arc possible solutions.
Rake and compost leaves that are free of diseases or insects.
Provide winter protection to built-in sprinkler systems; drain the system, insulate the
valve mechanisms.
Reduce fertilizer applications to houseplants.
Prepare lawnmower, other garden equipment for winter storage. Drain and store
hoses carefully to avoid damage from freezing.
Tie limbs of upright evergreens to prevent breakage by snow.
Plant window garden of lettuce, chives, parsley.
Plant shrubs and trees that supply food and shelter to birds, such as sumac,
barberry, and holly.
Clean and oil tools and equipment before storing for the winter.
Give winter shelter to tender evergreens; protect from wind and from desiccation.
Place a portable coldframe over rows of winter vegetables.
After blooming, trim chrysanthemums down to 4-6 inches.
Recommendations in this calendar are not necessarily applicable to all areas and
varying climates of Oregon. If you desire more information, contact your county
office of the OSU Extension Service.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE