Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Orkcon
September 26, 1996 7
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Norma Simpson
Home Economics
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag k Natural Resources
k EXTENSION
SERVICE
(503) 553-3238
The Oregon Slate University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people.
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
Time is blowing by like the leaves along
the street. I raise my head to look at the
calendar and already the hour has arrived for
another edition of the Spilyay Tymoo news
paper. So far, I have been able to catch up to two
of ouf 4-H club leaders. Janice Gunshows is
Planning on leading the Timbcrwolves bas
etball club again this year. Her practice
times will be announced as soon as she hears
from the 509-J district office about available
gym time.
Keith Baker and the Warm Springs Search
and Rescue cadets continue to meet. They
plan on accepting 4 new cadets into the club
in October. To sign up, stop by the Extension
office and fill out an official 4-H registration
form. Then Keith will contact you in Octo
ber about meeting dates.
The Search and Rescue cadets have been
busy, busy, busy with training. One trip in
volved exploring the ice caves in the Santiam
Pass area. More work by the cadets concen
trated on ropes and knot tying. The cadets
reviewed knots such as the Figure 8, Double
Figure 8, Double Figure 8 on - a -bight,
Prusik, Fisherman's Knot, and Water Knot.
A final note on some reminders for kids
about basic bike safety. Cool autumn days
are a perfect time to test out your wheels, but
keep these tips in mind.
Keep to the right side of the road.
-Do NOT carry passengers.
-Obey all traffic laws.
-Use hand signals.
-Slow down & be cautious at intersec
tions. -Do NOT "hitch" rides
-Do NOT ride between parked cars.
-Get off your bike and walk across heavily
traveled streets.
Natural Resource Notables-
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Acting for a better world
What seems to be on the top of many
agendas is the issue of recycling. If not, it
should be. One must first remember that
there is a fine line between recycling and
waste, with the latter representing an tremen
dous problem for us today. As a species, we
leave far too much of our waste behind. In
the U.S. alone, industry and individuals com
bine to generate over 750,000,000 tons of
solid waste each year. That translates into
roughly 3 tons per person every year!
Ninety-five percent of our solid waste is
disposed of in almost-filled landfills. As
they steadily reach levels well above their
sustainable capacities, the devastating ef
fects are being felt throughout the ecosys
tem. The toxins that leach into the ground
water are the largest contributing factor to
this stunning fact: approximately 40 percent
of our surveyed rivers, lakes, and estuaries
Lost & Found Camp
items
Campers from the 1996 4-H Wilderness
Enrichment camp at Trout Lake and He He
Butte can pick up lost & found items today at
the O.S.U. Extension office in Warm Springs.
We have several T-shirts, towels, and a few
pairs of really nice shoes. Hurry in now, as
we will only keep these items until October
1st.
arc not clean enough to mcci hiiic uses such
as fishing or swimming.
People all over the world arc coming to
the realization that to create a sustainable
future for ourselves and our planet, some
fundamental changes need to take place.
Many positive steps can be taken on an
individual basis that will greatly help to ame
liorate the situation.
WHY? Experts estimate that as much as
50 of our trash that ends up in our landfills
is recyclable, we must do belter. With
landfills at or near capacity, there's simply
no more room left. We must reduce our solid
waste.
In our local area, the list is fairly short but
important:
Plastics: remove lids, rinse, and recycle.
Locally acceptable materials include milk
jugs
Aluminum: remove lids, rinse and re
cycle. Locally accepted materials include
HELP WANTED !
4-H Leaders are needed for:
-Cooking
-Hiking
-Horses
-Shooting Sports
and more ! ! !
Call OSU Extension at 553-3238
to volunteer today.
cans (crush), and foil.
Paper: locally acceptable materials in
clude newspaper and sorted office paper.
HOW? The first step is to familiarize
yourself with your local recycling program.
Contact your local recycling offices and ask
(hem to send you a list of policies for the area.
Recycling programs and practices vary
widely from place to place, so it is important
to check. In our area contact: Nancy Collins
553-42504943 or Bodie Shaw at OSU Ex
tension, 553-3238. If you arc interested in
assisting in this program please let us know!
- . J; --.
Do NOT Clriy Passovers.
Obey All Traffic Laws.
NO
LEFT
TURN
NO
nam'
Use Hand Signals.
RigM Turn Stop Left Turn
Use Brakes Properly and Carefully Maintain.
Slew Down, Be Cautious at Intersection! and Driveways.
Ride Slowly in Busy Sections and Near Parkini Areas.
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CD Kecp flo") Hands n Handieiar5'
2
Equipped for Nl.ht Riding.
Reflector mull be I
seen from 300 feel
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m
ft V
Light muit bt
cert from 900 fret
Have i
Warning Device, and Use It
Give Right-of-way It Pedestrians and Motor Vehicles.
',h
Do NOT "Hitch" Rides.
Do NOT Ride
from Between Parked Cars.
I Tr
Make Repairs Oil the Road.
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Dismount and Walk Across Heavily Traveled Streets.
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Publication available at OSU office
by Norma L. Simpson
When we hear that a friend or relative has
Pressure Sores, we know that it means that
they have been sick in bed for a long time. It
suggests that it means they need to be turned
frequently to relieve their pain. But learned
from a Consumer Guide TREATING PRES
SURE SORES from the Public Health Ser
vice, it is more than pain that deserves our
attention.
If you sit, such as in a wheel chair for
hours or lie in the same position for a long
time, the pressure on a small area of the body
can squeeze shut tiny blood vessels that
normally supply tissue with oxygen and nu
trients. If tissue is starved of these "fuels" for
too long, it begins to dies and a pressure sore
starts to form.
How serious the sores are depends on the
among of damage to skin and tissue. Damage
can range from a change in the color of
unbroken skin as in Stage I to severe, deep
wounds down to muscle or bone.
Pressure sores form where this is constant
pressure on certain parts of the body Long
periods of unrelieved pressure cause or
worsen pressure sores and low healing once
a sore has formed.
Pressure sores usually form on parts of the
body over bony prominences such as hips
and heels) that bear weight when you sit or lie
down for. a long time.
PUBLICATION AVAILABLE
If you have a person that you care for at
home or in the hospital, you will find this
publication very useful. It deals with ways to
relieve the pressure sore, some 20 steps to
provide basic care and how to deal with
infections and how to care for healthy skin.
OSU Extension oat 1110 Wasco Street
has free copies available for you. If you don't
find it in the rack outside my door, ask for it,
we have more in the closet and more at OSU
in Corvallis. Or call OSUWarm Springs
Extension, 553-3238.
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Bits and bridles-
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
The proper selction and fitting of tack is
important for safe use of your horse. It also
makes riding more enjoyable.
AH tack is designed with two things in
mind: use and appearance. For example, an
English jumper saddle is made especially for
that use, whereas the brass on draft horse
harness is just for appearance.
Halters and leads
By tradition, a newly purchased horse
comes with a halter and lead rope. A lead or
tie rope is made of hemp, cotton, nylon or
other synthetic material, and usually a snap
o fasten it to the halter. It is meant for both
eading and tying up a horse. A lead shank
as a chain, one to two feet long, and a snap
fastened to a strap of leather or nylon web
bing. Halters, also know as "head stalls" are
simply harness to go over the head, used to
catch and hold a horse. They used to be made
of leather or hemp webbing, and traditionally
when you bought a new horse it came with a
cheap new webbing halter. There are spe
cialty halters for stallions, and for foals too.
There are now halters on the market with
adjustable nose pieces to allow the mouth to
be opened wider for dental work, and beauti
ful leather show halters with matching lead
shanks.
Bits and bridles
For both Western and English, there are
"open" bridles that leave the horse's face
open. Each is enough different from another
that they are obviously Western, English, or
driving bridles. Bridles are made up of vari
ous parts, cheek piece, brow piece, head strap
and throat latch. Particularly for driving
horses, all sort of things are put on the bridle
such as blinders to keep the horse from being
frightened by things at its side, shadow rolls
to keep it from seeing shadows on the ground
(and then jumping them) and decorations
such as are worn by parade horses.
Bits are so numerous that in old harness
catalogs they ran page after page. Basic bits
are straight, snaffle, curb, and a combination
of the snaffle and curb called Pelham. These
are usually metal, but can be coated with
rubber. The most important thing about a bit
is that it be as mild as possible while still
controlling the horse, and that it not be too
long or short. The difference between a 4"
too short, 4 34" too long, and 4 12" just
right, doesn't seem like much, but can make
asore mouth. Or it'll make a horse pull to one
side and carry its head turned, or can cause
the rider to lose control. It is essential that
you have the bit properly fitted.
Somewhere between a halter and a bridle,
with no bit, is the so-called hackamore. These
are used on both Western and English riding
horses with tender mouths.
HACKAMOU
Reins
Going back from the ring on the bit, which
is fastened to the bridle at the lower end of the
cheek piece, is the rein on a riding horse. It's
called the line on a driving horse. For genera
tions, reins have been made of leather, but
recently some have gone to plastic. By tradi
tion, reins on some Western bridles have
been made of leather and are not fastened
together back by the rider, where they are
held. You will hear various reasons for this,
such as less risk of a steer's horns catching on
one rein, or (back when the West was really
wild) less chance of an outlaw being able to
hold the horse, or maybe it was just that
rawhide only comes about so long. I don't
know which is correct, but it makes for con
versation when a Western rider and an En
glish rider meet up.
Health note
We might not all know that switching tack
from one animal to another without proper
cleaning makes it easy to spread skin dis
eases such as strangles. Even a saddle pad
ought to be washed, and disinfected, after
you get it back from someone who has bor
rowed it.
Native American
cookbook at OSU
by Norma L. Simpson
Just before the cruise to Alaska, I discov
ered a New Native American Cooking book
by Dale Carson, a member of Abenaki Na
tion, Republic of Missisquoi Tasty dishes
and interesting line drawings as well as the
background of the recipes. When I checked
the section for Salmon, I did not find many
Salmon recipes among the 125 recipes in the
book.
Some recipes like stuffed quahogs and
pemmican were more traditional than other
recipes like Sour Cream spread and Orange
Huckleberry Salad.
I'll try a few of the recipes and share them
w ith you in a later article. If y ou w ant to see
the book it is in the OSUAVarm Springs
Extension office.
Insect proof your home
Cold weather brings household insect
visitors
When temperature begin dropping in the
fall, many types of small insects begin find
ing their way into homes.
"Most of these insect pests are a simple
nuisance, but some can cause damage in the
home," said Ray McNeilan, home horticul
turist with the Oregon State University Ex
tension service. Insects come in through
open doors, windows or on firewood and
other objects carried inside.
Be concerned about pests that can damage
furnishings, clothes, or foodstuffs. Those
that damage clothing and household furnish
ings include earwigs, sow bugs and pillbugs,
carpet beetles, sil verfish, fircbrats, and clothes
moths. Insects that contaminate foodstuffs
include ants, cockroaches, bran bugs, and
meal moths.
Non-damaging insects that migrate in
doors to over winter may include spiders,
centipedes, millipedes, box elder bugs, and
quite an assortment of insects that are found
in and around firewood.
The key to controlling these unwanted
visitors is sanitation. If you suspect your
firewood contains insects, leave the wood
outdoors until burned. Vacuum clean under
furnishings, along the base of walls, in cor
ners and at the edge of the ceiling. This will
help control many insects in the home.
Control of pests that infest foodstuffs is
similar. Keep all cereal products in glass or
metal containers with tight fitting lids. Keep
food storage and preparation areas clean.
Spilled foodstuffs provide a ready source
of food for insect pests. Don't forget to clean
under and around the stove and refrigerator.
The original containers in which most food
materials are purchased, including pet food,
are usually not sufficient protection to pre
vent an infestation of insect pests. Put large
amounts of flour, cereal products, dried fruits,
or dry pet foods in metal containers with tight
fitting lids.
If you have any questions or concerns,
call your local extension agent.
Check food donations
before eating
by Norma L. Simpson and Carolyn
Raab, OSU Foods & Nutrition Specialist
Warm Springs fire victim received lots of
generous donations from local people as well
as those from surrounding areas. One thing
that is very important is to check the condi
tion of the food donations to be sure that they
are safe before your family samples them.
Ideally generous folks need to check their
donation before they give them away, but in
an effort to rush to your aid, that step (safety
and quality considerations) may fall by the
wayside.
SAFETY means that the food is free of
disease-causing bacteria and their toxins or
poisons). QUALITY means that the food
looks, smells and tastes acceptable to eat.
Beware of those signs that food may be
UNSAFE to eat. If food shows any of these
signs DO NO TASTE IT. Don't rely on look
or smell. Never taste suspicious foods.
IF IN DOUBT, THROW IT OUT!
FOODS STORED AT ROOM TEM
PERATURE Tin Can:
Too crushed to stack on shelves or open
with a manual can opener
Crushed immediately under the double
(end) seam
Moderatesevere dents at the juncture
of side and double (end) seam
Rust pits severe enough to pierce the
can
Swollen or bulging ends
Evidence of leakage (cans stick to the
shelf or case box)
Signs of spoilage (spurting; unusual
odor or appearance) w hen opened
Glass Jars:
Home-canned instead of commercially
canned
Raised, crooked or loosened lids
Damaged tamper resistant seal
Cracks or chips
Signs of spoilage (discolored food;