Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
August 21, 1996 11
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth 1
Norma Simpson
Home Economics 1
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
Bodie Shaw
Ag & Natural Resources
eXTBMSJON
service
(503) 553-3238,
Th Oregon State University Extension Service start Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
..Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
i and materials equally to all people.
The Clover speaks-
Whew
by Sue Ryan
Fair Time was HOT
Not only
were temperatures hot during the 1996
Jefferson County Fair, but so were the exhib
its. Kids in classes everywhere showed their
stuff, including the Warm Springs Livestock
Crew. This club finished its second year at
the Fair with the each member active in one
category or another. Final results included:
Stacey Thomas qualified for Market weight
with her pig Wilbcr. She took a blue ribbon
with him. Stacy also had a female pig-Dominique
earn a red ribbon in Breeding. Stacey
earned a blue ribbon for Showmanship and
her Carcass pig was graded Choice. Stuart
Paul-Thomas earned a blue ribbon with his
Market hog, a blue ribbon in breeding, and a
blue ribbon in Showmanship. His carcass pig
was graded okay. Lydcll Suppah placed a
blue ribbon for his Market pig Nuc'x. Lydcll
took a red in Breeding, red in Feeder, and
blue in Showmanship. Delia Rae Suppah
earned a red ribbon in Breeding, a blue rib
bon in Showmanship. The Warm Springs
Livestock Crew earned their Herdsmanship
flag each day. Stacey Thomas also had a
Dexter Senior cattle entered at the Fair. She
took a blue in confirmation, a blue in produc
ing cow with records, and a blue in show
manship., Congratulations to the Warm
Springs Livestock Crew for their hard work
in raising animals all year long !
How to Preserve Fruit
by Norma L. Simpson, OSUWS
Extension Home Economics Agent
' MARK YOUR CALENDAR! August 22
thd Wellness Center Kitchen will be a hive of
activity as canning, freezing and drying dem
onstrations and hands-on practice for Fruits
Only.
- The FRUITS ONLY event starts at 9 am
and continues to 5 pm.
Space is limited to 20 people during the
day so call to reserve your spot. Call Debbie
Gould Nutrition secretary at 553-2458 to
reserve your spot and time. As you reserve
your spot, indicate what type of fruit preser
vation you want to learn and hours of the day
that you will attend.
You can bring some of your fruits, jars,
At the 4-H auction on Saturday, July 27th
members sold their Market animals. Lydcll
Suppah's pig at 245 lbs went for $3.85 a
pound to the Chiles Foundation. Stuart Paul
Thomas sold his 260 lb at $2.75 a pound to
Macy Ranches, Inc., and Stacey Thomas
sold her 255 lb pig to Carlson Farms of
Culver for $ 3.25 a pound.
At the end of the auction, a benefit was
held for the Fuentcs family of Warm Springs.
Laura Fuentcs was one of the leaders of the
Warm Springs Livestock Crew 4-H club until
she was injured in a car crash in May. Her
daughter Teresa was paralyzed in the acci
dent, and Laura suffered severe injuries. Due
to the accident, Laura and her daughcr Jcssi
Fuentes had to give up their swine projects.
The Laughlin Family Farm took the pigs for
the Fuentcs and decided to raise one to sell as
a fundraiser to assist the Fuentcs family. The
Laughlin's had the help of the Feed Com
pany in Madras which donated one sack of
feed for every two sacks the Laughlins pur
chased. Jacob Laughlin and the Country
Cousins 4-H club were also instrumental in
helping to bring the pig up.
During the auction, the pig was sold by
the head, and buyers could donate the pig
back to be resold many times. The Fuentes
pig was sold eight times, along with a lamb
donated by Julian Cook. Also sold were a oil
painting donated by Bill Zumwalt and 2
afghans donated by Elaine Zumwalt. Indi
vidual donors also called in some contribu
tions to the Warm Springs Extension office.
The final total raised for the Fuentcs was
over $ 6,000. Donors included the McCabe
& Manning Family, Janet Ennis, CENEX,
Layton Shorthorns of Sandy, Boyle Farms,
Seaswirl Boats, Jim Carlson Farms, Bar KD
Read Century Farms, Warm Springs Forest
Products Industries, Mecca Rim Ranch, US
Bank, Les Schwab, Central Oregon Insur
ance, Barney Ahern, Norma Simpson, Mark
Jackson, Arlene & Mitchell Boileau, Mike
Mackin, and Louie Pitt, Jr.
Garden tips for August-
Clip and save
August
How are we doing? Part 1 of
"Healthy People 2000 Mid course"
by Norma L. Simpson, OSUWS
Extension Home Economics Agent and
Joanne F. Guthrie, Center for Nutrition
Policy and Promotion.
"Progress...has been made on about 50
percent of the objectives. For 18percent...the
situation has worsened.. .3 percent show no
change.. .and the remaining 29 percent, evalu
ation data are not yet available." Family
lids, plastic containers, and a sharp knife and Economics and Nutrition Review. 1996
tiyV'mme ffiere to help nlthe .S? Department 'ol Health
ana Human services oegan to set goals ior
measurable objectives for improvements in
health status and risk reduction in America.
One of the reasons was America found that
they were behind many other industrial na
tions in health statistics despite the fact that
we are the wealthiest nation.
We were shocked into knowing our poor
status of our well-being. We had higher in
fant mortality; we had higher substance abuse;
we had more heart attacks; and many other
nutrition related diseases.
We learned that we had less understand
ing of how low as a nation we were in many
areas of data collection. What we wanted to
do was to tackle the issues that we could do
something about.
In 1990, the YEAR 2000, objectives built
upon the objectives established in 1980 with
some modifications and expansions. Nutri
tion objectives include to decrease consump
tion of total fat, saturated fat and sodium;
increased consumption of fruits, vegetables
and grains; and reduction in the prevalence
of overweight.
"...the prevalence of overweight among
adults 20-74 years of age increased from 26
percent in 1976-80 to 34 percent in 1988-91.
Over the same period, the prevalence of
overweight among adolescents
increased from 15 to 21 percent."
Now the Midcourse review reveals that
y6u go through each recommended step of
each fruit that you prepare. If you have a
teenager that you want to learn with you,
bring him or her along.
It may be frantic when we have so many to
learn at the same time. That means everyone
has to be patient and help one another to
make the event a day of joy.
We will be canning different kinds of
fruits with and without sugar some in pie
fillings and some with pits; freezing differ
ent fruits, with and without syrup; and dry
ing different kinds of fruits in slices or fruit
leather roll-ups in two dryers.
We'll see good and bad examples of all
these processes so we learn from our experi
ences. We hope you will share your suc
cesses and failures with us as well. ,
School begins
September 4,
1996
there is a need for six more nutritional objec
tives. Committee members recognize that diet
can contribute to the prevention of these
diseases.
HEALTH STATUS
reduce stroke deaths to no more than 20
per 100,000 people.
reduce colorectal cancer deaths to no
, more than 13.2 per 100,000 people.
. , , , reduce diabetes to an incidence of no
more than 2.5 per 1,000 people and a
prevalence of 25 per 1,000 people.
RISK REDUCTION
reduce the prevalence of blood choles
terol levels of 240 mgdl. or greater to no
more than 20 percent among adults.
Increase to at least 50 percent the pro
portion of people with high blood pressure
whose blood pressure is under control.
reduce the mean serum cholesterol level
among adults to no more than 200 mgdl.
Family Economics Involved
All of these goals involve family econom
ics - over-eating means that we spend more
money for food than we need to spend; over
eating means that we have to spend more on
clothing to cover our bigger bodies; and we
lose time off work because we are going to
the doctor more to check our diseases and to
pay for the extra medical bills; and time lost
to sickness when we would rather be doing
other things.
In Part 2 of the "How Are We Doing?"
series, we'll share the 22 priority areas
which fall into three broad categories - health
promotion, health protection and preventive
health services in Healthy People 2000 on a
national basis.
In Part 3 of the "How Are We Doing?"
series, we'll share the Nutrition Objectives
and Risk Reduction of the article by Guthrie
in the Family Economics and Nutrition Review,
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
First week: spray for walnut husk fly.
First week: second spray of peach and prune trees for root borers.
First week: second spray of filbert trees for filbertworm.
Make compost of lawn clippings and garden plants that are ready to be recycled.
Dampwood termites begin flying late this month. Make sure your home is free of
wet wood or places where wood and soil are in contact.
Control yellow jackets and wasps with traps and lures.
Spray for root weevils in ornamental shrubs and flowers, for bacterial blight in
filbert trees, codling moth and spider mite in apple trees, scale insects in camellias,
holly, maples.
Plant winter cover crops in vacant space around the vegetable garden; plant
winter kale, Brussels sprouts, turnips, parsnips, parsley, Chinese cabbage.
Fall webworm webbing appears in ornamentals and shade trees; prune nests and
destroy, or spray with diazinon, Bacillus thuringiensis, or Orthene.
Watch for corn earworm on early com treat as needed.
Control fleas in lawns with spray containing Sevin, diazinon, Dursban, malathion,
permethrin.
Check lawns for chinch-bug presence andor damage.
Begin soil preparation for planting new lawn.
Fertilize cucumbers, summer squash, broccoli, while harvesting to maintain
production. Harvest vegetables when edible to stimulate further production.
Clean and fertilize strawberry beds.
Control caterpillars on leafy vegetables, as needed, with Bacillus thuringiensis,
rotenone, or Sevin.
For mite control on ornamentals and most vegetables, hose off foliage, spray with
miticide if necessary.
1 Monitor garden irrigation closely so crops don't dry out
1 Use mulch to protect ornamentals and garden plants from hot weather damage.
1 East of Cascades: check for tomato horn worm.
1 Mid-August to early September, fertilize lawn for last time this growing season.
Western Oregon: mid-summer planting of peas; use enation-virus-resistant
varieties, plant fall crops of cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli.
Oregon coast: plant spinach.
Western valleys, Portland, Roseburg, Medford: plant cauliflower, broccoli,
Brussels sprouts, spinach, turnips, parsnips.
Columbia and Snake River valleys, Ontario: plant Chinese cabbage, endive.
Camellias need deep watering to develop flower buds for next spring.
High elevations, central and eastern Oregon: prune away excess vegetation and
new blossoms on tomatoes after mid-August. Concentrate on ripening set fruit.
Coastal and western valleys: spray potatoes and tomatoes for early and late blight.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
Natural Resource Notables-
by Bodie Shaw
The subject of natural resources provides a
series of issues which we as a community
should understand and be able to discuss. Ex
amples of these issues are: fisheries, forestry,
rangelands, grazing, riparian areas, cultural
values and heritage and how we are each con
nected to these issues. Although it is natural for
each individual to prioritize the importance of
each issue differently, the community needs to
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Bull power boots calf crop-
f? 4
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
In my last column I discussed heifer man
agement and how important it is for the young,
growing animal to receive the proper nutrition
and winter care necessary to produce a healthy
calf. Today we will examine the herd sire and
other important management techniques to boost
your calf crop percentage;
Provide adequate "bull power" to the
cow herd during the breeding season
Adequate "bull power" may be defined as
the capability of the herd sire to mate with and
settle cows during a fertile heat period at the
proper time during the breeding season. Bull
power would be influenced by the age and
condition of the bull, semen quality, abnormali
ties of the bull's reproductive tract, reproduc
tive diseases, skeletal weakness and the num
ber of cows allotted per bull.
Bulls should be in good condition, not fat,
prior to the onset of the breeding season. Young,
growing bulls may need to be provided extra
feed during the breeding season to meet their
protein and energy requirement. Generally, good
pasture will adequately meet the bull's nutri
tional needs.
Bulls should be purchased no later than 40 to
60 days prior to the breeding season. This will
allow ample time for the bull to overcome any
stress that might have occurred during sale or
transportation and to adjust to his new environ
ment. Examination of the bull's reproductive tract
and semen evaluation should be made each
year, 1 5 to 29 days prior to onset of the breeding
season. This may identify problems that might
reduce fertility and allow ample time to make
corrections without losing a whole calf crop or
having late calves.
Condition of the bull's feet and legs is as
important as his reproductive capability. Bulls
with feet and leg problems will not be able to
locate and mate with cows in heat. A missed
mating will result in either a late calf next
season or an open cow at the end of the breeding
season.
Yearling bulls should be assigned no more
than 1 5 cow s. Mature bulls can handle up to 25
on open range.
Allow cows enough rest following calving
before exposure to a bull
Cows that are exposed to a bull less than 45
to 50 days following calving will probably
experience decreased conception rates. Cows
need a period of rest to get their reproductive
tract back in shape and clear up any infections
that might be present.
Observe herd frequently
The cow herd should be checked regularly
during the breeding season. Watch the bulls
closely to make sure they are finding the cows
in heat and mating with them. Record breeding
dates and observe these cows carefully 1 6 to 22
days later for return heat. If the percentage of
repeat breeders is high, check for factors that
may interfere with conception.
Develop a definite breeding and calving
season
The season or time of year that calves are
born will have an influence on calf crop per
centage. The limited research on this subject
suggest that cows calving during the early spring
tend to wean a higher percent calf crop.
The beef cow has the need for a high level of
energy during breeding to achieve satisfactory
conception rates. Pasture availability and con
sequently energy is normally at its highest
during the spring and lowest during the winter.
As a result, conception rates are highest in the
spring, which is the time when winter and early
spring dropped calves are conceived and lowest
in the winter. My own observations indicate
that cows start cycling and are settled when
green grazing comes in the spring.
There are other environmental conditions,
such as temperature, that occur during the spring
that are also favorable to improve fertility in
both the bull and cows.
Another factor to consider in developing
and planning a definite calving season would be
the labor available to observe the cows and
provide assistance if needed during calving.
With a definite calving season, slow breed
ers and open cows could also be identified and
culled which would result in an increased calf
crop percentage.
When all factors are considered, conditions
on the Warm Springs Reservation are more
favorable for a greater calf crop percentage
when the cows are bred in the early summer
(June 1 through July 15) to calve in the early
spring (March 1 through April 15).
If you're interested in learning more about
breeding and calving schedules, or if you'd
like to sit down and develop a profitable ranch
plan, don't hesitate to call me, I'm at 553-3238.
make natural resource decisions based on our
commonalties.
As a representative of OSU, it is my duty to
keep the community informed about current
natural resources issues. In order to do this, I
need to establish a foundation for understand
ing the issues which I will present in this col
umn. This baseline understanding of natural
resource issues encompasses ethics, more spe
cifically, natural resource ethics.
Natural Resource Ethics
The following are some loose ideas that
might contribute to creating ethics in relation to
natural resources. With ethics I mean principles
to base one's actions on. With natural resources
I mean everything in which we as humans rely
on to survive (sorry folks, no TV or auto).
Mostly what I am referring to is the air, water,
and the soil. If any of these are taken out of the
equation, so are we. Sounds somewhat impor
tant doesn't it?
Respect the whole system
Contrary to what many believe, nothing
exists in isolation. Specifically, resources are
simply functions of a system, not isolated things
that can be removed. There is always a system
there, a structure with certain inter-dependencies,
certain processes. Every system has an
integrity, or completeness if you will, or its
own. It sustains and enhances itself by main
taining its integrity.
Enjoy resources and participate in their
cycles
To the surprise of many, resources are not
something one can just take and exploit at their
leisure. The resources are present as part of
continuous cycles of this living planet we call
home. The only viable way of utilizing re
sources is by participating in those cycles. Re
sources do not magically appear, they come
from somewhere and they go somewhere. By
observing w hat is available or w hat is possible,
and by acting as a part in the continuous cycle,
abundant resources can be available indefi
nitely. Ownership of resources
Resources are cycles which pass through
our hands and no entity has the right to try and
stop them. If we can utilize a resource while
keeping it flowing, it is ours to use freely.
However, no one has the right to try and take the
resource out of circulation and keep it from
being utilized. Resources are for using and for
passing on to future generations in an eternal
cvcle.