Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
May 9, 1996 11
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.exTesoN
SBNKE
(503) 553-3238
The Oregon State University Extension Service
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and
unu muioriais equally 10 an peopia.
Vacuuming can improve your health
OSU NewsTlps
You could be exposing your family to
harmful levels of lead, soil, pesticides, house
dust, allergens and other pollutants. "Resent
studies indicate that some families are ex-
Eoscd to more environmental risks in their
omes than would be allowed in the work
place. The cause? Inadequate house cleaning,
especially carpeting and upholstery.
Prolonged exposure to household pollut
ants man cause retarded grown, learning
disabilities, allergies, cancer, nervous sys
tem damage, and other illnesses. Infants and
children especially risk because they are
going through intense growth and develop
ment. In addition they tend to be on the floor
more and put things in their mouths.
To reduce pollution levels in the home,
start with a thorough vacuuming of carpets
and
upholstery. For best results, vacuum the
carpeting in two directions. How often you
vacuum depends on the among of traffic
Book tells of four phases
by JoAnne Kock, Wasco County
Extension Agent
People talk because they like to say things.
Spoken language is one way of interacting
emotional and socially: Share feelings,
thoughts, needs and ideas. All else being
equal, infants 'and children who vocalize
more often may learn at a faster rate. This can
affect other developmental skills.
John L. Locke author of Phases of the
Child's Development of Language wrote
about four phases of language development.
The first phase, VOCAL LEARNING comes
to infants early: "The normally developing
fetus is able to hear its mother's voice within
the womb in the first trimester of pregnancy.
This may explain why many infants prefer
their mother's voice to others. It is also a
good reason to talk, read dna play music
during pregnancy.
By the age of 8 months, some infants
begin Phase 2, STORAGE, of language they
have learned. They often learn en bloc, by
rote, and in short phases rather than single
words. They also say what they have heard,
Jack (Jill)-of-AII-Trades
by Norma L. Simpson
January 2 was an unusual day. Two dif
ferent families and their children came in to
my OSU Extension Office in the Education
Center (previously called the Old Boy's
Dorm). They wanted to know about the pam
phlets outside the door. Yes, they are free
come and take a look. One wanted the Fat
Booklet, and how to control weight. Another
wanted the Cherokee Yam Cakes recipe. She
had not seen it in the Spilyay, so her husband
took a copy. It sounded good.
And another woman called me the "Jack-of-all-Trades"
because I get involved in so
many things. My next class with that woman
was to talk about "Self-Esteem" and ways to
think positively about ourselves.
Another woman and her daughter checked
out "Catch the Whisper of the Wind" a book
about the beauty of Native American phi
losophy and principles of living, written by
Cheewa James and her vision quest. We
talked about the tape and the music and the
artwork of Villasenor.
We talked about the closeness of putting
together a new 1500 piece Native American
puzzle about "The Great Bear Spirit" during
the New Year's weekend. Mother confessed
that she hasn't done a puzzle since her youth,
but her daughter says she likes to do them.
Then I had telephone call about Earned
Income Credit and how that tax benefit is
not suppose to affect the benefits of a full
time worker. But one full-time worker who
earns very low wages and about the impact
on her homeless assistance funds when she
asked for Earned Income Credit on her pay
check. Ouch! The request bumped her into
STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: How does Extension
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Farmers and ranchers, like the rest of the
world, are usually involoved in some sort of
discussions of community or general interest
that frrnrlllflllv IsVa nn fli. ncnurt rf a frtrttrn-
versy. In our neck of the woods, some ex
amples may be the 509-J school district,
salmon recovery, and prices for calves at the
Madras auction.
When these discussions get to the point
where resolutions are proposed for the sup
port of various organizations, or where an
organization is to he formed, a sharp contro
versy may develop during which people take
Arlene Boileau Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks
4-H it Youth Livestock Staff Chair, Madras
Norma Simpson SueRvan
Home Economics
4-H
staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exension Service oners Its programs j.-
through and area and whether you have small
children.
Be sure that you have an efficient vacuum
that is working correctly. A vacuum equipped
with brushes to loosen dirt works best. Check
the bag or filter on the vacuum frequently
and change it as needed. Be sure the bag and
filter fit snugly so that all air passes through
them, depositing contaminants inside rather
than recycling them into the air.
If a family member suffers from asthma or
allergy, you may also want to vacuum the
mattress on a regular basis. House dust mites
eat the dead skin from your body that is in
bedding and mattresses.
According toe Roberts and Dickey, au
thors of "Exposure of Children to Pollutants
in House Dust and Indoor Air" in the Review
of Environmental Contamination and Toxi
cology. A clean home is not just a matter of looks,
it is a matter of health. In that sense a good
vacuum cleaner is a sound investment in
your family's health.
in child development
not creating new speech.
By age 2, the child reaches the ANALY
SIS AND COMPUTATION Phase.Children
begin computing words from the elements of
words they have heard, rather than just repro
ducing what they have heard.
Other children reach Phase 4, INTEGRA
TION AND ELABORATION, they can rap
idly learn a greater vocabulary, the rules
which help them learn new words and the
sued of sentences. Soon they begin to sound
like the adults they want to sound like. They
also discover the core principle of communi
cation, "That other people have mental lives
that are different from their own. Once this
happens, children are able to use words to
convey to others thoughts and feelings that
would otherwise be accessible only to them
selves. As long as they have access to reason
ably nurturing talkers they too will talk them
selves into language.
The trick of language is learning to listen
to what they hear, and being selective about
the quality of the words they choose to use.
That's the same for adults.
share busy
another bracket, that made her no longer
eligible for health care and food stamps. She
will be without these benefits for two months
until the matter is straightened out. When
you only earn $700 a month for full-time
work, Earned Income Credit is essential as
long as it does not make you poorer.
And just as the day ended, I was asked for
pictures of wild animals to use with the
Paiute Language classes. We took out the
Tracking Animals book from the 4-H train
ing materials that we developed last year.
These are now on the Culture and Heritage
computers for the language videos that are
being prepared.
To my pleasure, the language teacher told
me that I had helped her to learn to sew in
1993. Since then she has done shawls, and a
cradle board and a sewing class that lets you
make a pattern from a drawing. She plans to
bring me a sample the next time we meet.
Tuesday I'll teach about Auto Mainte
nance and next week we'll talk about Self
Esteem with a homeless group and for the
Life Skills classes at the Commodity Build
ing. So what is my job? In the Extension home
economics program in Warm Springs, my
job is to apply arts and sciences to everyday
living. That means using the entire resources
of Oregon State University and many other
sources to get information to answer your
questions. My job is to stimulate your minds
and your children' s minds to be more curious
about the world around us. My job is to help
you to make better decisions based on the
social and economic situation.
Wednesday I had a request for informa
sides and become committed to one position
or another. Occasionally two organizations
appear to be in sharp controversy over an
issue. Continual recurrence of natural re
sources controversy of one kind or another
has subjected the Extension Service to the
possibility of two dangerous attitudes on
the one hand, a desire to jump into the contro
versy that is of vital importance to ranchers
and farmers in general, showing a red-blooded
attitude and determination to fight the thing
through on the basis of merit; on the other
hand, a desire to avoid all controversy and
follow a wishy-washy policy of avoiding
unpleasant matters, even though they may be
of vital concern to ranchers.
Neither of these courses of action is wise
from the standpoint of good public relations.
The first attitude, if long pursued, would
dissipate energy in combat; the other would
gradually draw down our credibility.
Some Extension agents have had the abil
ity to change controversies into educational
opportunities. Others have been unable to do
more than stand by while the storm raged, to
say nothing of being drawn in and getting
drenched in it.
As a young agent in Texas, I stumbled
head on into one such brewing riot when a
dairy cooperative was fighting for its exist
ence in my county. There were poolers and
nonpoolers among the farmers. Feeling ran
high. I was try ing to arrange a joint mectine
of all milk producers with a neutral Ag Eco
Assistant
sea grant program with OSU, united States .,;..,.
The Clover speaks-
by Sue Ryan
In the last edition of Clovcrspcaks, I shared
recipes from the 4-H program's class on
Microwave Jams-n-Jellics. This time, a
chance to make candy in the microwave.
Thanks to Instructor Liz Blann for sharing
her expertise in this area.
Microwave Candy
Microwave candy making can be a fun
and favorite way to make candy. How sweet
it is! Candy making in the microwave can be
as simple as stirring nuts into melted choco
late or as involved as cooking sugar syrups.
Melt-and-stir candies
Once you've tried thcm.you'll think your
microwave was invented for melt-and-stir
candies. You simply melt chocolate or cara
mels and stir in the remaining ingredients.
Classic candy making
You can micro-cook nut brittlcs, fudge,
and divinity, but these classic candies take a
little practice. Still, once you get the knack of
accurately timing the sugar syrup and work
ing quickly, you'll be able to turn out great
candy every time.
Testing for doneness
For best results with the classics, it's a
week of her job description
tion about taking the Extended Warranties
on new cars and trucks. The consumer maga
zines in my office, like Consumer Reports
and Consumer Digest, did not mention ex
tended warranties at all for vehicles. So I
called the OSU Family Finance Specialist,
Alice Miles Morrow, for clues about how
you decide yes or no about the Extended
Warranty. She consulted with the Housing
Specialist, Mary Ann Sward, to see what her
opinion was. (See another article about this
topic)
Last night I taught one of the Budget and
"insurance meetings for the New Homeowners
in the Mutual Aid project. We talked about
the Fixed Expenses that are important for
survival and signed contract commitments
and Flexible Expenses. After we have paid
the survival costs, the money you have left
over is for flexible expenses like entertain
ment, food, clothing, vacations etc.
We also talked about insuring things they
are buying for their new home. One lady has
been paying since last year for the new bed
room sets for the five new bedrooms. As you
accumulate new things, you will want to list
all new items in a Property Inventory. Be
sure to include the Serial and Model numbers
for tools and guns, and equipment like tele
vision sets, stereos, electrical equipment and
cameras.
Unless you have the serial numbers, po
lice will not let you have your stolen property
if they are lucky enough to locate it. Have
your children find their own serial numbers
on things that belong to them. It will teach
them the importance of the inventory and
where the serial numbers are located.
deal with controversy?
nomics specialist from A&M to to discuss
the economic facts. One of my strong Exten
sion farmer-cooperators shouted, "Who in
the hell are you with, the dairy farmers or the
d m dairy company?"
Fortunately I managed to keep cool enough
to say that the only way to get anyone to
change his mind was to bring in new facts
under conditions that provoke thought. The
farmers finally agreed with me after I was
thoroughly drenched in a cold sweat.
It didn't take long for my district director
to hear about how I had handled the situation.
That was probably one of the few pats on the
back I received from him, albeit not without
some well-aimed advice. He told me, You
never want to lose your temper in a contro
versy with a farmer. It's like bawling out
your wife. There' s no satisfaction in it, and it
usually puts you in the doghouse."
The Extension Service is usually not called
upon to take a stand for or against any par
ticular plan or method under controversy.
Rather, we are expected to stand on "research-based"
facts. We get the facts on both
sides and make them known. We let the
ranchers and farmers make their own deci
sion. We avoid public brawls in the newspa
pers; instead arranging for public hearings
and offering facilityies for open discussions
that promote better feeling. If an agent has
kept the rural public well informed and has
their confidence, his action will usually be
respected and valued.
,V
good idea to test for minimum cooking time.
If the mixture hasn't reached the right stage,
continue cooking and test every 30 seconds.
You can (ell if the candy has cooked long
enough by using a thermometer or a water
test. We have included instructions for both
methods in the recipes.
Candy thermometers
Our test kitchen had the best results with
the quick-recovery thermometer. This can
not be used in the oven, but gives an imme
diate reading once the candy mixture is out of
the oven. You can't use your oven's tem
perature probe because it cannot register the
nigh temperatures that are necessary for candy
making.
If you use a thermometer, check its accu
racy in boiling water each time you make
candy. The thermometer should read 212
degrees. If it registers higher or lower, in
crease or decrease the final cooking tempera
ture of your candy accordingly.
The Water Test
Another accurate gauge of candy tem
perature is the water test. As sugar syrups get
hotter, they react differently in cold water. At
the lower temperatures, mixtures form soft
balls. Then, as their temperatures rise, mix
tures form harder balls and eventually brittle
threads.
To use the water test, drop some of the
candy syrup into a bowl of cold, but not icy,
water. Using your fingers, form the syrup
into a ball. The way the syrup reacts will tell
you if it's cooked long enough.
Candy Cookware
When making the classic candies, use
heavy-duty gloss containers that are free from
cracks and chips and have not been stressed
by falls. Stressed glass may shatter from the
heat of the syrup.
Here are the three candy recipes we made
in the April 1 1th 4-H cooking class.
FANTASTIC FUDGE
3 cups sugar
34 cup butter or margarine
1 can ( 5 13 ounces) evaporated milk
1 jar( 7 ounces) marshmallow creme
1 1 2 ounce package semi-sweet chocolate
chips
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 cup chopped nuts
Total Cooking Time: 9 to 11 minutes
Each participant received a copy of small
inventory book. Colored photographs of each
wall of your rooms will help you to make the
list and be a good record if you have theft in
your home.
And yesterday, a flood victim came to the
office. We talked about the long ordeal he
would have for the next year, getting their
home back in order. I asked if he had seen the
television programs about recovery from
flood damage. He said that the satellite pro
grams did not include any of the local pro
grams, so he had not seen the flood nor the
efforts in the valley to help people escape the
flood and to recover from it. If you have
water damage in your house, let us know.
We have Fact Sheets to help you save as
much as possible.
And Friday I was writing stories for
Spilyay Tymoo and Tom-A-Hawk
No wonder I like this role as "Jack-of-All-Trades.
Each hour is different, some planned
classes and many unplanned requests. Don't
forget to check the article about Extended
Warranties.
Trout Lake Camp
It's not too early to think about camp !
The 1996 4-H Wilderness Enrichment camp
at Trout Lake will be held August 4th-1 1 th.
Call 553-3238 for more information.
Crystal Springs camp
Tri-County 4-H Camp at Crystal Springs
will be held June 15th to June 22nd, 1996.
Contact the Warm Springs O.S.U. Exten
sion office for more details.
Summer Days
Summer Days at O.S.U. will be held
June 24-27 on campus in Corvallis. This
program is for youth who have completed
grades 7-9. They do not have to be enrolled
in a 4-H program to be eligible. Summer
Days teaches leadership skills and involve
ment in community service projects. Call
553-3238 for more information.
Fall calving a plus
by Bob Pawelek
In an average or "typical" year, the high
est prices for steers are generally paid in
Ten minimum requirements for
ranching
1. A generous banker.
2. Wide-brimmed hat, tall boots and
wild rag. (Handlebar mustache optional.)
3. New 1 -ton Dodge pickup with gunrack
to hold hotshot, rope and rule.
4. Gooseneck tailer (of same color as
truck) but small enough to park at cafe.
5. Two heeler dogs and a horse with
fancy saddle.
6. A spool of "bob wire and a few
juniper posts.
7. Some cows.
8. Grass - any land that's finished pro
ducing a profitable cash crop.
9. A job at the mill.
10. A good pocket knife for whittling
while trading.
Stolen from Frank Litterst, Beef Cattle
Professor, Texas A&M University, from
Rocky Vinson, Extension Agent, Alpine,
Texas.
Grease a 13x9 inch baking pan. Combine
sugar, butter, and milk in a 3 quart microproof
bowl. Cook(micro) on HIGH(max power) 9
to 1 1 minutes or until mixture boils rapidly
for 7 to 8 minutes. Sugar should be com
pletely dissolved. Add chocolate chips, stir
ring until melted. Beat in marshmallow creme
and vanilla until well blended. Fold in nuts.
Turn into prepared pan. Refrigerate until
firm. Cut into squares. Makes 3 pounds.
STRAWBERRY DIVINITY
3 cups sugar
34 cup light corn syrup
34 cup water
1 (.3 ounce) strawberry flavor gelatin (the
kind with no sugar)
In 2 quart glass measure or bowl.combine
sugar, corn syrup and water and cook on
HIGH 1 2 to 1 5 minutes or until 260 degrees
(soft ball stage). Meanwhile, beat egg whites
until mixture forms peaks. Gradually pour
hot syrup in thin stream into beaten whites.
Beat 2 to 3 minutes, until candy loses its
gloss and holds shapes.
Pour into prepared 9x9x 1 12 pan or drop
by tablespoonsfuls onto waxed paper. Let
cool 'completely. Store in airtight container
in cool place.
PEANUT BRITTLE
1 cup sugar
12 cup corn syrup
I 34 to 2 cups dry roasted peanuts
1 teaspoon butter or margarine
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 teaspoon baking soda
Total Cooking Time: 9 to 9 172 minutes
Generously grease baking sheet. In 2 quart
glass measure, combine sugar and corn syrup
and cook on HI 4 minutes. Stir in peanuts
using wooden spoon. Continue to cook on HI
3 minutes. Stir in butter and vanilla and cook
on HI 2 to 2 12 minutes or until candy
thermometer registers 300 dcgrees(or until
small amount of mixture separates into hard
and brittle threads when dropped into very
cold water). Blend in baking soda and stir
until mixture is light and foamy. Pour onto
prepared sheet, spreading quickly to edges
using back of wooden spoon. Let cool com
pletely. Break into pieces. Store in airtight
container in cool place.
That's the Microwave Candymaking reci
pes from our April 1 1th 4-H cooking class.
Sweet dreams !
Vehicles cost more
than gas and oil
by Norma L. Simpson
It saves you a lot of money if you plan to
shop just once a week. Simnasho to Madras
to Simnasho will cost us between $32 for all
expenses associated to owning a full-size
van to $21 for those items like fuel, license,
finance charges, tires, maintenance, insur
ance and depreciation of a subcompact car.
The smart folks plan to shop at the same time
that they go to town for other activities like
little league, races, bowling or to service
your rig.
For a full-size van to make the round trip
three times a week will cost you almost $ 1 00.
What can you do with a $100? Lots.
For a compact pickup and subcompact
car, three trips a week will cost about $63,
just for the transportation costs. If you think
that you are saving money on food in Bend or
Portland, remember that you need to save a
lot of bucks on each item to make up for the
cost of going to get the groceries.
Remember having a car costs more than
just the gas and oil. Be smart plan your trips.
THINK AHEAD ! TEACH YOUR CHIL
DREN TO PLAN AND SAVE MONEY
WITH YOU.
Keep social security
card handy
by Alice Mills Morrow, OSU Extension
Family Economics Specialist
If you are a teenager looking for a summer
job, you must have a Social Security card. If
you already have one, do you know where it
is? Don' t wait until the day of a job interview
to look for your Social Security card. Locate
the card now. If you have lost your card, call
the Social Security toll-free number- 1-800-772-1213
and request a replacement.
for most ranchers
spring. 1 heretore, it stands to reason tnat tall
should be the best time for calving. If you
have good winter grazing, that is, vegetation
in low-lying areas that grow valley grass, it's
ideal. Another benefit of fall calving is that
the weather is usually more favorable for
baby calves, in that there is less of a chance
of freezing to death immediately after birth.
Better summer grasses keep cows in better
shape, therefore calving problems (dystocia)
are decreased.
The objective is to put the weight on the
calves in the winter. Do not calve out in the
fall unless you have the winter grass, or
access to inexpensive alfalfa hay.
Calves may then be sold right at weaning
time.
Here is a quick Fall Calving Calendar:
Breed in late November, December and
January.
Calve in late August, September and Oc
tober. Sell in March and April.
Avoid calving in July and early August,
since grass production is at its lowest. When
grass production is at its low est, so is a cow's
milk production.
Of all ranchers in the United States, 25
calve out in the fall of the year.