f Spilyay Tymoo
January 18, 1996 7
Arlene Boileau Bob Pawelek
4-H St Youth Livestock
Clint Jacks
Staff Chair, Madras
CTENSON
Norma Simpson Sue Ryan
Home Economics 4-H Assistant
1r;
(503) 553-3238
it
Th Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to ell people.
It .liXrt
4:
The Clover Speaks-
by Sue Ryan
WS 4-H Program Assistant
Monday nights in Warm Springs are
relatively quiet. The first day of the workweek
has passed and kids are back in the school
routine after a weekend break. On this
particular Monday night leaves blow down
deserted Wasco Street. If you look closely
though you will see a burning light in the
basement of the 4-H Center. Four spaces are
drawn on the chalkboard by Florence Starr.
The 4-H Search and Rescue cadets take turns
guessing the letters. A "G" one calls out. The
unlucky cadet gets a head drawn on the
hangman's gallows as another takes a turn.
Finally, one of the leaders gets the answer
"Food". The group uses the simple game of
hangman as a way to polish their skills for
their project area. The 4-H Search and Rescue
cadets are one of the longest running clubs in
Unm Cnnnr A l.U L L'.L T" 1 ! .1
oi in oyiinga, rviuiuugu icmi d utter is mcir
primary leader, he has also had help from
various adults. This year his resource leaders
include Ramona Starr, Luke Sanders, and
Victor S witzler. The club began in the fall of
1987 and had a temporary dissolution in the
spring of 1995. When the club started up last
fall it was with a new direction in mind. The
Warm Springs 4-H Search and Rescue cadets
went from being a Secondary response team
towards retraining for Mountain Rescue
status. The intent this year is to return to a
training intensive phase similar to the
beginning of the group in 1988. The current
set of 4-H Search and Rescue cadets is very
young, from ages 9 to 14. Leader Keith
Baker requires that the cadets be willing to
commit to the program for the next five
years. The change came about for several
reasons. One was the need that Baker saw for
a Mountain Rescue (cam in this area. Hikers
or climbers often make the news when they
become stranded on Mount Jefferson located
on the western boundary of the Warm Springs
Indian Reservation. The closest rescue teams
are located in Corvallis and Hood River.
Along with the training changes come
equipment changes and the need for funding.
The Warm Springs 4-H Search and Rescue
cadets are currently selling pre-paid phone
cards to raise money for equipment. The
cadets get a portion of the proceeds from the
phone cards. Club members include: Larry
Switzler, Chcy Culpus, Mathew Vaeth, Larry
Squiemphcn III, Florence Starr, Marian
Oakes, and James Wolfe III. Project club
leaders include: Keith Baker, Luke Sanders,
Victor Switzler Sr, and Ramona Starr.
I
; n
I
. II V
;p A Li v
u I c n
The Warm Springs 4-H Search and Rescue cadets take time out from their
busy club meeting to pose for the camera.
Economic prison is escapable
by Norma L. Simpson
In December, I met a young family that is
in deep debt. Married for only two years,
they have already managed to get themselves
into "credit card prison" by applying for all
those "pre-approved" credit cards that they
get in the mail. It looked like a dream come
true. One card was approved for $2000,
another card approved for $5000, without
checking on the credit worthiness of him or
her. Suddenly they have locked themselves
into $10,000 debt in their own Economic
Prison. Then the final axe fell, he was the
first cut in the Federal Government
downsizing. And his unemployment papers
were caught in the shutdown of the
government.
OUCH! That is an economic prison that
you don't want to be in.
It's time for a scissor attack. Each pre
approved card should be cut in pieces, saying
you not going to trap me. If you are already
deeply in debt, you can cut the cards in many
: " --"J
If : I
i ' . ; :
v ' ;
j
. v
X'1 I ' ' A f- V' '
i Y
I
February
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
Have soil test performed on garden plot to determine nutrient needs. Contact your
county Extension office for a list of testing laboratories.
Prune deciduous summer blooming shrubs and trees.
Prune clematis, Virginia creeper, and other vining ornamentals.
Pasteurize soil for starting seedlings in pots or flats.
Western Oregon: plant seed flats of cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli,
Brussels sprouts;.
Fertilize rhubarb with manure or a complete fertilizer.
Western Oregon: fertilize lawns.
Tune up lawn mower and garden equipment before the busy season begins.
Prune and trellis trailing berries and caneberries.
Prune fruit trees and blueberries.
Good time to plant fruit trees and deciduous shrubs.
Delayed dormant sprays of lime sulfur for fruit and deciduous trees and shrubs.
Prune and train grapes; make cuttings.
Prune roses in western Oregon; wait until May in high elevations of eastern and
central Oregon.
Western Oregon: good time to plant new roses.
Central Oregon: gather branches of quince, forsythia, flowering cherries and bring
inside to force early bloom.
Repair winter damage on trees and shrubs.
Control moles and gophers with traps or poison bait
Western Oregon: Elm leaf beetles and box-elder bugs emerging from hibernation;
may be seen indoors.
Make a coldframe or hotbed to start early vegetables or flowers.
Plant onions outdoors in western Oregon as soon as the soil is dry enough to till.
Check junipers and cotoneaster for web worm activity. Spray if necessary.
Plant windowsill container gardens of carrots, lettuce, or parsley.
Plan to add herbaceous perennial flowers to your flowering landscape this spring:
astilbe, candytuft, peony, anemone.
Make plans for a bed for herbs, for cooking and for interest in the landscape:
parsley, sage, chives, lavender; plant next month.
If weather permits and the soil is dry enough, spade or till garden areas for
planting later.
Spade or plow down cover crops or other organic matter.
Recommendations in this calendar are not necessarily applicable to all areas and
varying climates of Oregon. If more information is desired, contact your county
office of the OSU Extension Service.
little pieces, just to take out your frustration.
In 1996, it's your chance to take up a new
mentality....know what you earn, how you
spend, and how to take responsibility for
your financial affairs.
Pledge not to be repossessed - because
you only pay cash for small items like TVs.
VCRs, guns, and used cars.
Pledge to pay each months's bill - not just
the "minimum payment."
Pledge to make a plan for the things you
can afford to buy and pay cash so that it's
yours.
Pledge to care for and fix the things that
you have. Involve the children too, so it
becomes a habit at home.
Pledge to appreciate the things that you
have and can make at home.
Pledge to learn new skills at work and
home so your knowledge grows as you grow.
Pledge to be happy because you are getting
on top of your finances.
Florence Starr keeps the 4-H Search
and Rescue cadets guessing during
a game of hangman at a recent club
meeting in the 4-H Center.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
Benefits of food additives explained
Stockman's Roundup Pros and cons of leasing cows
0 ,
by Bob Pawelek-OSU
Livestock Agent
When leasing beef cattle, good
management is essential or the business can
really suffer. Ranchers who are considering
leasing part of their herd to others should get
a predetermined price on the heifers produced
by cows that are leased. Then, no matter what
the market does, the price is fixed.
If prices drop fo steer calves, the owner of
the leased herd helps absorb some of the
financial damage. Despite the potential
pitfalls, some experts think leasing beef cows
has some plusses. By leaing both pasture and
cows to a young rancher, an older rancher
can arrange to get 40 of the calf crop and
the lessee can ease himself into the cattle
business. It can be a good way for young
people to get started.
Bankers are not completely sold on leasing.
Not only is it harder for lessees to build their
own equity, but sometimes it' s hard to control
whose cattle are whose, which ones were
rightfully branded, and which ones weren't
BLM reseeding
The BLM is in the process of reseeding
110,000 acres of public land in southern
Idaho burned by wildfires this past summer.
The work will cost about $3.8 million. About
half of the land is located 40 miles soulth of
Bruneau and the rest is scattered from about
10 miles south of Kuna to 20 miles west of
Rogerson. The re-seeding is intended to
prevent erosion and invasion of annual
grasses. Much of the area is already infested
with cheatgrass.
In areas heavily infested by the cheat,
Crested wheatgrass is being planted because
it competes well with non-native annual
grasses. In areas that are not heavily infested,
a variety of native perennial grass species is
being planted.
A combination of drilling and aerial
seeding is being used. About 900,000 acres
were seeded with drills. Yet this winter,
about 1 10,000 acres will be seeded aerially
with sagebrush and various forbs to re
establish plant diversity and wildlife cover.
This coming spring, BLM will construct and
repair protective fencing around the seeding.
Livestock will be kept off of the seeded areas
for at least two years.
Kids need SSN's
New parents should be aware of a change
in the law that requires them to get Social
Security numbers (SSN's) for children born
this year. Any taxpayer who claims a child as
a dependent on the 1995 income tax return
must include the child's SSN, unless the
child was born in November or December of
1995. A taxpayer should include the SSN for
any dependent born in November or
December 1995, if it is available. If not, the
taxpayer must write, "1 195" or, "1295" in
the space for the child's name.
A taxpayer who has not applied for an
SSN for a dependent child can do so by
completing Form SS-5 and providing the
Social Security Administration with an
original birth certificate and one other piece
of identification showing the child's name,
such as a doctor's letter or hospital record. It
usually takes only two weeks to get an SSN.
For more information on how to apply, or
to get Form SS-5, contact any local Social
Security office or call 1-800-772-1213. Form
SS-5 is also available from the IRS.
Yellowstone Brucellosis
In late October, state and federal officials
reached an agreement on a new Yellowstone
Bison Management Plan to control and
bison wandering outside of Yellowstone Park.
The agreement also settled a lawsuit against
the National Park Service, USDA, and APHIS
filed on behalf of Montana by Governor
Mark Racicot.
The agreement reportedly calls for the
Park Service to operate bison capture facilities
inside the park near Gardner and outside the
park near West Yellowstone. Bison will be
tested and pregnant cows and those with
brucellosis will be shipped for slaughter.
Others will be tagged and released. Any
bison wandering off designated national
forest land that may come in contact with
cattle will be shot.
The new plan, which is designed to protect
Montana's bucellosis-free status and
eliminate brucellosis-infected bison in the
park, could be implemented before the end of
January.
Keep rodents away
Mice and rats are shivering, and they're
out hunting for a cozy corner to nestle into
for the winter. Not only are they a nuisance,
they can also become a severe health hazard.
Already there has been a confirmed case of a
disease caused by deer mice in Oregon.
Here are some points to consider to keep
rodents out of buildings:
Use sheet metal, steel wool, heavy mesh
or screen or concrete to seal up any holes
larger than 14-inch in diameter. Place three
inches of gravel under the base of the buildings
to discourage rodent burrowing.
Remove mnaterial for nesting sites, such
as newspapers, stoage and cardboard boxes,
from walls and floors.
Store firewood, lumber and building
supplies away from building and at least a
foot off the ground to minimize potential
nesting sites.
Check building entrances to ensure
windows and doors close tightly.
Store all food, water and garbage in
metal or thick plastic containers with tight
fitting lids. Never leave food or water out
overnight.
Pay attention to sanitation. Wash dishes
and cooking utensils, and clean spilled food
from counters and floors immediately. Also,
dispose of any trash and clutter.
Sour Cream
by Norma L. Simpson
Sometimes research is done that doesn't
seem to be important. But for the people and
industries that use the information, it is
important and makes a difference in strange
places. This story is an example of how
Oregon State University Research can make
a difference in fast food restaurants and at
home. This small article is from the Oregon
Agricultural Progress magazine for Fall,
1995.
"Sour Cream Can Get Too Perky"
There's good news about imitation and
reduced fat or "light," sour cream often
consumer by Americans who eat in fast food
restaurants and those who count calories.
OSU Food scientists believe they've
discovered how to give it more of the rich
buttery flavor of regular sour cream.
"A small molecule called diacetyl give
more dairy food their rich buttery flavor,"
explained Floyd Body felt, an OSU Extension
Service dairy specialist.
But manufacturers often add too many
stabilizers and mask the buttery flavor while
trying to make a "perky" imitation of light
sour cream product that will keep its shape
when streaked across burritos or baked
potatoes, Bodyfelt said.
However, a Ph.D. student in Bodyfelt's
laboratory, Scot Rankin, had collected data
that show some stabilizers will keep sour
cream firm without making the delicate flavor
imparted by diacetyl.
In his research Rankin designed a gas
tight container to measure the number of
odor molecules in the vapors rising from
sour cream samples containing various
combination of stabilizers. He found that
guar gum as a stabilizer gives sour cream
products firmness without inhibiting the
buttery flavor.
Bodyfelt believes Rankin's finding will
help sour cream manufacturers more carefully
select and balance stabilizers and enhance
the presence of the aromatic diacetyl molecule
"The larger, more progressive companies
who are concerned with sensory and flavor
qualities of their product will be interested in
these results," said Bodyfelt. "And they may
opt tochange the levels or types of stabilizers
employed in manufacturing sour cream."
WHAT IS GUAR GUM ?
Guar Gum is extracted from the seed of
the guar plant, a legume resembling the
soybean plant. India and Pakistan are major
producers. The gums is a complex sugar, a
condensation of the simple sugars mannose
(found in many plants) and galactose (a sugar
in milk).
You will see guar gum in lots of labels
because it helps ingredients to thicken. Guar
gum absorbs cold water readily, forming
thick, semi-fluid mixtures. This property
make guar gum very useful in the food
industry to stabilize the consistency of ice
cream and as a texture modifier or thickening
agent in various food products.
When I consulted the Food Additives
Book produced by the Consumers Union in
1982 To mention a few, I found guar gum
added to the following products Morningstar
Breakfast Links, Worthington Sandwich
Spread, Weight Watchers Frozen fish dinners
and Veal Stuffed Peppers and Egg Plant and
lots of other Frozen dinners, Eskimo Dietitic
Bars, Chicken Rice Soup Starter, Safeway
Cheddar Cheese Party Dip, Kraft Ready to
Serve Blue Cheese Dip, Honey Buns, Sara
Lee B lack Forest and Short Cakes and Morton
Banana Cream Pies.
As 1 looked closely at the food products,
I was amazed to find that 100 food products
contain whey, the dried product made when
casein is removed from milk as cheese is
made. I remember the I960' s when dairy and
food researchers were looking for a way to
use whey in human food as well as for calf
feed. What progress!
Idea Fair held Jan. 20
The Tri-County 4-H Idea Fair
will be held this Saturday,
January 20th at the Education
Center and Warm Springs
Elementary School. Walk-in
registration by Warm Springs
residents is allowed. There are
registration & supply fees for
some of the classes. Our
schedule starts with a coffee &
registration hour at 9 a.m. in
the 1 st floor training room of
the Education Center. That is
where you can sign up for
classes also. Session One is
from 10:00 to 10:45 a.m.,
Session Two 1 1 :00-1 1 :45 a.m.,
Session Three 1:00-1:45 p.m.,
and Session Four 2:00-2:45
p.m.
ultimately eliminate brucellosis-infected
4