r-
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
December 7, 1995 7
Arlene Boileau
4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Clint Jacks
EXTENSION
Staff Chair, Madras
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
service
Norma Simpson
Home Economics
(503) 553-3238
The Oregon Stale University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the
people of Warm Springs in agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension
sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm .,,,
Springs cooperating. The Exension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people. '" ';
A
The Clover Speaks-
by Sue Ryan
Warm Springs 4-H Program Aide
(adapted from O.S.U. publication 4
H 0276L)
This time in "Cloverspcaks", we'll take
a look at 4-H Recordkeeping in Letter 6
of the "Letters to New Leaders" scries.
Because a major goal of 4-H is to help
youth develop skills for successful living,
the keeping of accurate, organized records
is important. Record keeping should be in
corporated as a regular part of club meet
ings, making it a natural part of the 4-H
member's project. Keeping records helps
the 4-H'er evaluate progress and gives a
basis on which to make future decisions. It
also helps the 4-H leader plan for club pro
grams and activities. Like a scrapbook or
diary, 4-H records are fun to look back on
to see what's been learned and how we've
changed.
A large calendar is a handy tool for
record keeping. Members can use a calen
dar with large squares to write down ev
erything they do in 4-H on the day it hap-
pens. This would include meetings, con
tests, other activities, and 4-H project ac
tivities. That would include buying feed,
supplies, the number of hours spent work
ing on the project, and income or savings
from the project. This information can then
be transferred from the calendar to the 4
H record forms at a later date.
Record forms are available at your
county office of the Oregon State Univer
sity Extension Service. If you did not re
ceive them when you submitted your club
enrollment forms, ask your County Exten
sion agent for them. A set of 4-H records
should include: 4-H records folder, in
which the member keeps all 4-H records
Project record. Oregon 4-H Permanent
Record. My 4-H Notes, on which the
member keeps a diary of 4-H experiences
throughout the year. Advancement pro
gram records. 4-H Record Keeping- A
Teaching Tool for the Leader (4-H 021 1L)
is a pamphlet for leaders to use in under
standing and teaching record keeping to
club members. Many counties review and
evaluate the 4-H members' record book
each year. Most counties have a 4-H record
book contest andor give recognition
awards for outstanding 4-H accomplish
ments on the basis of records. Be sure to
ask your county Extension agent for a copy
of the record evaluation guidelines. In some
counties records are required for partici
pation in some activities.
4-H Advancement programs Oregon
4-H has developed advancement programs
for project areas in horse, beef, sheep,
swine, poultry, dogs, clothing, archery, gun
safety and more. The advancement pro
gram is a guide to help members plan their
learning within a project area. It is arranged
in steps of progressively higher skill lev
els. The 4-H member can work through the
steps at his or her own pace. More details
are available in the publication 4-H Ad
vancement Program Leader Guide (4-H
029L)
Honors based on 4-H records There
are many honors available to older 4-H
members who have shown outstanding
growth in their project as well as in lead
ership responsibilities and citizenship ac
tivities, as demonstrated through their
records. These include: County medals.
Special awards available to intermediates
and seniors in each county for outstanding
achievement in a wide variety of project
and activity areas.
College scholarships. These are avail
able at both the state and national level to
4-H members who are seniors in high
school.
Oregon 4-H Ambassadors. A special
honor is awarded to those 10th, 11th, and
12th grade 4-H members in Oregon who
are finalists in each project or activity area.
The award is based on an evaluation of their
cumulative 4-H experience as shown in
their records.
National 4-H Congress. One Oregon 4
H Ambassador in each project or activity
area is named the state winner. Most state
winners receive an all-expenses-paid trip
to National 4-H Congress in Chicago in the
fall.
National 4-H winners at Congress.
This honor is awarded to the top six or eight
4-H members in the nation in each of the
project or activity areas. It is usually ac
companied by a substantial college schol
arship. In summary, 4-H records and ad
vancement programs are guides to help
members and leaders determine the
progress that has been made during the
year. These guides help members summa
rize what has been learned in 4-H and see
the number of goals that have been accom
plished. Happy Record Keeping ! Regular, con
sistent record keeping on the part of both
the 4-H leader and the member will pay off
in the future.
4-H; Designed to help youth become productive adults
Report from the Oregon 4-H
Foundation
(reprinted from the Annual Report
of the Oregon 4-H Foundation)
The 4-H mission is to help young people
become self-directing, productive and con
tributing members of society. The learn-by-
the lives of Oregon young people. In 1994
alone, over 7,000 adult volunteers donated
over 1 million hours of direct service. At
the current estimate of value of volunteer
time, $14.53 per hour, this is a $14.5 mil
lion contribution to Oregon's future-its
youth. And this figure doesn't even reflect
,' doing methods of4-H'resurf hot "only in" the money volunteers spend out of their
learning practical skills, but also in the de
velopment of sound judgment, a sense of
responsibility, individual initiative, leader
ship and citizenship experience. By becom
ing involved in a wide variety of real-life
activities ranging from agriculture to ex
pressive arts, boys and girls develop inquir
ing minds, strengthen decision-making
competency, improve communication
skills, and learn to work together with both
peers and adults.
For over 80 years, the 4-H program has
provided knowledge to help youth develop
the skills needed to improve their lives.
Many young people continue to be in
volved in traditional 4-H projects, such as
foods, creative arts, and animal projects.
However, conditions of life and society in
which we live have changed dramatically
over the years. 4-H, too, has changed to
meet the needs of youth. Volunteers are
essential to the delivery of Oregon 4-H pro
grams. They generously give of their time,
energy and talents to make a difference in
own pockets for supplies and transporta
tion. Volunteers receive training through
out the year on such topics as child devel
opment, subject matter related to projects,
and how to make club meetings and events
fun and educational.
Program highlights A few of the new
programs developed during the past year:
YOUTH LEADERSHIP AND CITIZENSHIP 4-H has
been actively training youth in leadership
skills on state, county and regional levels.
In addition, an annual youth conference
called Summer Days at OSU provides an
opportunity for youth from across the state
to learn leadership skills and practice those
skills through community service projects.
wetland wonders Wetland Wonders is
the title of a new water quality education
program sponsored by Oregon 4-H and
made available to 4th and 5th grade class
rooms. Students are introduced to the wa
ter cycle, watersheds, ground water, soils,
wetland plants and animal; find out how
water is used in their homes; and spend a
day investigating the 4-H Center's Sawmill
Pond wetland area. The major educational
objective of Wetland Wonders is to teach
youth about the value and function of the
wetlands so that they will better understand
their own responsibility in protecting
Oregon's valuable water resources.
animal quality assurance These pro
gram materials- are designed to help stu
dents and 4-H members learn in a stimu
lating hand-on and exploratory manner.
The program helps youth promote animal
well-being and product quality by learning
about food production, animal handling and
exhibition, housing and feeding.
school-age child care. Where are chil
dren in the before and after school hours?
What problems or concerns do parents have
with these arrangements? Oregon 4-H is
sponsoring the School-Age Child Care
Assessment Project to determine the needs
for before and after school child care in
communities throughout the state.
learning to work together. Thou
sands of 2nd through 4th graders in Oregon
have learned teamwork skills and how to
manage conflict through the introduction
of the Talking with TJ program sponsored
by Oregon 4-H. The program is designed
to enhance the social skills of children. The
program is used in classrooms throughout
the state as part of the 4-H school enrich
ment program. It is also used in school-age
child care settings and with 4-H groups.
December
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
Spread wood ashes evenly on garden plot. Don't use more than 1.5 pounds per
100 square feet a year. Do not use if the soil pH is over 7.0 or if potassium levels
are excessive.
Turn the compost pile.
Mid-December in Western Oregon: first spray of peach trees with lime sulfur or
approved fungicides to protect against peach leaf curl.
Dormant sprays of lime sulfur or copper fungicide on fruit trees and roses for
general disease control.
Spray spruce trees to control spruce aphids.
Western Oregon: good time of year to plant trees, landscape shrubs.
Protect new landscape plants from wind: staking, guy wires, windbreaks, site
selection.
Make sure that landscape plants in protected sites receive water regularly during the
winter.
Yard sanitation: rake leaves, cut and remove withered stalks of perennial flowers,
mulch flowerbeds, hoe or pull winter weeds.
Check for rodent damage around base of trees and large shrubs.
Western Oregon: still time to plant spring-flowering bulbs such as tulips, daffodils,
hyacinths, crocuses. Don't delay.
Avoid mounding mulching materials around the base of trees and shrubs. They
might provide cover for rodents.
Western Oregon: apply lime to Kentucky bluegrass lawns to maintain a soil pH of 6
to 7. (Rate: 50 to 80 pounds per thousand square feet.)
During heavy rains, watch for drainage problems in the yard Tile drains and
ditching are possible solutions.
Poinsettia care: protect from cold, place in sunlight, don't let leaves touch cold
windows; fertilize with houseplant fertilizers to maintain leaf color.
Prepare potting mix for new house plants. Standard mix: one-third soil, one-third
sand, one-third peat moss.
Monitor houseplants for adequate watering, fertilizer, humidity. Water and
fertilizer requirements are generally less in winter.
Check stored flower bulbs, fresh vegetables, fruits for rot and fungus problems.
Discard any showing signs of rot
Cut and dip holly for Christmas use. ,
Make Christmas decorations from trees and shrubs in the yard.
Consider garden-related Christmas gifts for the gardeners you know.
Tie limbs of columnar evergreens to prevent snow breakage.
If the lawn is frozen, stay off of it
Whitewash lower trunks of newly planted fruit and nut trees to avoid sunscald
damage.
Register with the local office of the OSU Extension Service to become a Master
Gardener volunteer.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
Stockman's Roundup-
New leadership publication available for youth
Leadership:
Skills You Never Outgrow
by Sue Ryan Warm Springs
4-H Program Aide
(and adapted from 4-H 6502A)
The Warm Springs 4-H Office has
recieved a new publication concerning
leadership skills for youth. The curriculum
guide "Leadership Skills You Never Out
grow" is designed to help those who work
with youth in the form of a club, camp,
workshop, component of another program,
or in-school education. It is recommended
for use with youth in grades 4 through 12.
If you are interested in obtaining a copy,
please stop by the Warm Springs O.S.U.
Extension office in the Education Center. I
thought I would include an excerpt.
Seven Leadership Life Skills In study
ing any project, it is good to break the topic
down into smaller parts. The Oregon Youth
Leadership Curriculum is built around
V
7r j )
-1
Thank you!
Tribal Utilities Manager Herb Graybael was presented with an award by 4-H
Agent and Office Coordinator Arlene Boileau for his generous volunteer work
with the annual 4-H Wilderness Enrichment Camp for the past five years.
Graybael and his crew willingly and sincerely help out with camp needs each
year, including setting up bee traps and a much needed generator.
seven skills needed to be a good leader.
These abilities, once developed, can be
used in many ways the rest of your life.
Thus, we call them "leadership life skills".
The project materials, Leadership: Skills
You Never Outgrow focuses on the seven
components of leadership. Each book con
tains experiential learning activities in each
"life skill" component. Since practice and
experience are effective ways to learn or
develop a skill, it is important to complete
as many of the learning activities as pos
sible. Practical real-life projects are needed
also in order for youth to put their skill
development into action.
Leadership Life Skills Understanding
Self-understanding and developing a posi
tive attitude about who you are, what you
like and don't like and what you want to
be.
Communicating-effective way of two
way sharing of information through listen
ing, speaking, and body language.
Getting Along with Others-developing
an understanding of how you relate to other
people you meet and how you accept and
appreciate the difference between others
and yourself.
Learning to Learn-understanding the
attitudes, techniques and methods that help
learning take place and how you can be a
positive force in increasing your own and
others' learning.
Making Decisions-learning a process
and approaches to setting goals, solving
problems and taking individual or group
action.
Managing-choosing and using re
sources available to complete tasks and
reach goals. Management involves identi
fying resources(time, things, people or
money) and using those resources effec
tively. Working with Groups-learning how
groups of people work together and how
to help groups accomplish their goals.
by Bob Pavelek
OSU Livestock Agent
If you have livestock, you already have
a grazing system of some kind. It might be
one pasture you use all the time. That's a
system, all right. But to be efficient in man
agement of livestock, you should remem
ber that any grazing management problem
usually has many possible solutions and
very few things you can do are "right" or
"wrong." Most of all, no one grazing sys
tem is best.
To be successful, you will need to cre
atively combine a few principles into a
grazing plan designed specifically for your
operation's unique circumstances:
Timing. Avoid repeated grazing during
critical stages of plant growth. This is when
plants are starting new leafy tissue. This
includes new growth in the spring or fall
and mid-season regrowth after grazing.
Frequency. If given an opportunity to
regrow and replenish its energy stores, a
plant can be grazed several times during
one growing season. But that plant needs
time to regrow. Avoid grazing too often
during a single growing season.
Severity. Avoid removing too much of
a plant's leaf area. If too little leaf area re
mains after grazing, the plant will be un
able to regrow and replenish its energy re
serves. Season. Crested wheat grass can cope
with grazing an area at the same time of
year, year after year. But varying the sea
son of grazing from year to year is recom
mended for most kinds of plants.
Type of Cattle. Graze the type of cattle
best matched with the kind of forage avail
able and its nutritional quality. For ex
ample, dormant forage will not meet the
high nutrient requirements for growing
yearlings. You should also match the type
of cattle to your topography. Cows with
calves, for example, usually will not use
steep topography as fully as dry cows or
yearlings. Texas Longhorns work best for
vertical pastures.
Cattle raised on flat, open grasslands
usually do not adapt well when relocated
to steep or timbered grazing lands. An
animal's previous grazing experience
should also be considered when purchas
ing new animals. This is because cattle un
familiar with the kind of plants in a pas
ture usually will not perform as well as
cattle that previously have grazed similar
forages.
Number of Cattle. Too many animals
will cause cattle performance to decline,
but the soil and vegetation will have dete
riorated before animal performance begins
to suffer.
Cattle Distribution. Prevent large num
bers of cattle from congregating, especially
on sensitive areas such as along streams.
If cattle are causing soil or plant damage,
it is often a problem of poor animal distri
bution rather than too many animals.
Grazing Selectivity. Cattle make
choices and select those plant species and
plant parts they find the least objectionable.
Grazing systems can affect the extent to
which cattle are allowed to graze selec
tively. The best individual animal perfor
mance will result when cattle are allowed
to be the most selective in choosing their
forage. Individual animal performance will
drop below maximum whenever cattle are
forced to graze less selectively. Non-selective
grazing is appropriate when the objec
tive is to prevent plants from becoming too
coarse or "woolly."
Cattle generally perform better under
less intensive grazing systems, whereas
forage plants are usually healthy under
slightly more intensive grazing systems.
Because the conditions and objectives
of your operation are unique, the economic
outcome of a new grazing system can't be
precisely known until after it is imple
mented. Therefore, be cautious when con
sidering economic projections of changes
to your grazing plan.
Good grazing systems develop condi
tions for soil and vegetation improvement.
Several years may pass, however, before
any improvement is very noticeable.
Flexibility is critical. Manage your pas
tures and animals according to the varying
plant animal, and economic conditions that
exist, not according to specific calendar
dates or pasture rotation schedules.
You're the key to success. If it's your
grazing plan, then it's up to you to make it
work.
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