Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
November 22,1995
Arlcne Boilcau Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks
4-1 1 & Youth Livestock Staff Chair, Madras
owwnwtTmun.innr
eOBUSION
service
Norma Simpson Sue Ryan
(503) 553-3238
I lome Economics
4-H Assistant
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs .1
In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU. United Stales
3' f -4.'iri
Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating, The Exenslon Service offers Its programs
and materials equally to all people,
7
iXV&rXtV . ' i .. Mr iStel
Clover Speaks
by Sue Ryan Warm Springs 4-1 1
Prog ram Aide
(adapted from O.S.U. publication 4-H
0275L)
Before I get to Letter 5 in our continuing
"Letter to Leaders" series in Clovcrspcaks, I
want to thank all of the community members
who stopped by the 4-H Center for popcorn
on Halloween night. Arlcne and I popped,
bagged, and handed out 15 and a half pounds
of popcorn !!! And, a special thanks here to
Bobby and Ma'Kcsh of Dee's Ice Cream and
More in Madras for the use of their industrial
size popcorn machine. Now, on to our tips
NW Indian ecosystem detailed by OSU
for Leaders. Keep in mind that even if you
arc not a 4-H Leader, you can use these tips
when working with youth in other settings.
And to put in a recruitment pitch, you can
always come in and talk to us about becom
ing a 4-H Leader. On to Letter 5, which
deals with 4-H activities. ClubactivitiesEach
club functions differently, some along more
"traditional" 4-H guidelines and others along
"less traditional" guidelines. One 4-H goal is
to help members become caring citizens of
their communities. Therefore, every club is
encouraged to work on a community ser
vice project of its choosing. Many clubs
share something related to their project area
with older people in retirement or nursing
homes. Some clubs work on environmental
projects like cleaning up trash, planting flow
ers and shrubs, maintaining nature paths, or
hosting and teaching special events for young
children. As club members grow and mature,
they may decide on a long-term project to be
developed or repeated over several years.
County activities During the 4-H year, each
county has many activities in which you and
your members are encouraged to participate.
These include: project workshops, contests,
judging and identification contests, pre
sentations, exchange programs, county
fair, summer camp and more. One ex
ample in more detail is presentations. These
are short, informative talks or demonstra
tions given by individual 4-H members or
teams of two 4-H members on any topic they
choose. They can be given first to a member's
own club, then at public gatherings, and also
at the county 4-H level. Presentations should
be 3 to 5 minutes long for younger members
and 10 to 20 minutes long for older members.
Keep in mind that there arc different types of
presentations. A demonstration will usu
ally show how to actually do something, and
end up with a finished project to show your
audience. An illustrated talk uses visuals
slides, pictures, charts or models to help
explain what is being said. A speech is just
telling. It requires careful planning and de
livery with hand gestures and voice inflec
tions. State 4-H activities At the state level,
there are varied activities for the 4-H'cr.
These include Summer week- a one week
session held in June at Oregon State Univer
sity for 4-H members in grades 8 through 1 2.
State Fair. 4-H members' exhibits that
qualify at the county level may be sent to
State Fair at Salem in August forjudging and
display. Special workshops "Know Your
State Government" is one of these programs.
This is scheduled every other year when the
legislature is in session. The next "KYSG"
will be held in 1 998. Another program of this
type is the "Tri-County Idea Fair"- which is
set for Warm Springs this January 20th. The
Idea Fair is a one day session of workshops
to open up individuals creative learning pro
cesses. In the next edition of Spilyay Tymoo,
watch Cloverspeaks for Letter 6 "4-H
Records and Advancement programs".
by Oregon's Agricultural Progress Fall
1995 & Norma L.Simpson
Have You Tried Acorn I lour?
For a university science class it was un
usual. For example, one day the guest lec
turer, a retired railroad engineer, began with
a chant.
"That was from my mother's tribe. It was
meant to unstop your ears,"cxplained George
Fence, a tall man with wire-rimmed glasses
who offered a kindly smile to the 35 stu
dents. The course was "Ecosystem Science of
Pacific Northwest Indians," which OSU's
college of Agricultural Sciences offered last
spring and plans to again this spring.
According to Mike Burke, an associate
director of the Agricultural Experiment Sta
tion and an Associate dean of the college, the
purpose is "to bring students a view of a
different cultural perspective of how natural
resources are managed and used.
"The European method sort of underpins
our way of doing things," said Burke. "This
course contrasts that with an indigenous
system, or systems that arc a mixture of
European and Native American."
A parade of guest speakers, most land
managers and other leaders from Northwest
tribes, shared their perspectives. Fence lives
near Talent in southern Oregon and is in
volved in an attempt to construct a function
ing Indian village on 77 acres of public and
private land.
Answers offered to unusual questions-
Questions and Answers
from August and November Mayo Clinic
Newsletters
Q: Why do some professional football
players wearsmall patches across theirnoses?
A: The butterfly-shaped adhesive strips
were developed to relieve nasal congestion
due to a cold or hay fever. Many people
found they also helped reduce snoring. Now
some professional and recreational athletes
are wearing the strips to increase air intake
during exertion.
Each 2-inch strip contains flexible stay
and adhesive backing. The bandage stretches
across your nose, just below the bridge, and
adheres snugly to each side. Applying the
strip causes the stay to straighten, pulling
nasal passages open slightly.
Although the strips aren't proven to in
crease airflow, there's no harm in trying
them. A box of 10 single use strips costs
about $5.
Q: What's the difference between a night
time pain reliever and a regular analgesic?
A: Nighttime formulations (typically la
beled "PM") contain diphenhydramine (di-fen-HI-druh-meme),
an antihistamine that
causes drowsiness. For this reason, night
time pain relievers may help you relax faster
as well as relieve pain.
For a good night's sleep you don't neces
sarily need a pain reliever. But if you choose
a regular analgesic, check the ingredients.
Some products contain caffeine and can dis
rupt your sleep.
Q: My hands and feet sweat excessively.
What can I do to stop it? .V
A: For sweaty feet, you can try over-the-counter
products ranging from antiperspi-
rant sprays to aluminum-based lotions. It
also helps to keep your feet as dry as pos
sible. Choose shoes made of natural materials.
Change your socks or hose once or twice a
day, drying your feet thoroughly each time.
For both palms and soles, your doctor can
prescribe an aluminum chloride solution.
After application, you wrap your hands and
feet in plastic kitchen wrap overnight to
improve absorption.
Your doctor might also suggest a battery
operated device that sends a current through
your skin and temporarily closes your sweat
glands. Treatment continues for several days
and the effect may last up to six weeks. The
devices are made for palms, soles and under
arms. - r ' ' ' "
Are sleepovers possible, practical?-
The Dilemma with a Diabetic Child
by Norma L. Simpson and The Monitor
Fall 1995
Most of us have great memories in what in
my days were called "Slumber Parties"
We hardly slept, as we giggled, joked,
sang, teased each other and ran through the
house during the winter and our yard during
the summer. Next to camp, it was the greatest
event for kids about 6-15 years of age. Maybe
we thought it was cruel when a parent wouldn ' t
let a friend go to the party. Perhaps we can see
why in this article from the recent issue of
Monitor by the Lifespan branch of Johnson
& Johnson Company.
TO SLEEPOVER OR NOT?
"What do slumber parties and fire fighting
have in common? For parents of children with
diabetes, like Dan Green, there is a connec
tion. When it comes to sleepovers "It's like
being a fire fighter," said Dan. father of Alex,
father of Alex, who has Type I diabetes.
"You have to run a few drills first to know
what you're up against before you get to the
fire." Alex, 6 12, has been spending the
night with friends for about a year, and Dan ' s
put out his share of fires in that time!
Are Sleepovers for you?
You can do a lot to help make sleepovers
a normal part of your child's life, while
assuring that their health care needs are prop
erly met. These questions will help you real
istically evaluate whether a sleepover is right
for you and your child.
How much of his health care is your
child responsible for directly?
How good is your child's ability to
recognize when his blood sugar is low?
Does your child have frequent nightime
hypoglycemia?
Is your child open with others about his
diabetes?
Do the host parents understand elemen
tary diabetes care (the effects of food and
exercise, symptoms of hypo- and
hyperglycemic episodes)?
Are they willing to take responsibility
for participating in your child's health care?
Do they respect the seriousness of a
diabetic emergency?
"Fire Prevention"
"So much of diabetes care is establishing
a routine and sticking to it, and a sleepover is
not routine," reminds Dan. "Knowing what's
going to happen is important." These sug
gestions for "Fire Prevention," or advance
preparation, can be useful for parents of
young children with diabetes.
Do you know what foods will be served?
What activities are planned? Bedtime hour?
Do you have a game plan? Are testing
and eating times set? Menus?
Have you worked a treat into the day's
diet for the traditional sleepover "pig-out"?
Will your child be close enough to home
that you can get there quickly should the
need arise? Will you be readily accessible?
Do the host parents have the requisite
emergency phone numbers, (yours, your
child's physicians, and the local hospitals)?
ADULTS TOO
I have never hosted a child with diabetes,
but I have served an adult who continued to
bug me for "when will we eat??????" Finally
he said he is an insulin-dependent diabetic.
While the 10 minutes between his insulin
injection and the meal, I learned a lot about
the importance of timing, and menu and
personal concern for the host's responsibil
ity to the guest. Don't leave out the child, nor
the adult from your table.. ...just be prepared
for the situations that might arise.
Safe turkey
handling
required for
healthy dinner
November is the time to start thinking of
ways to have the holiday meals. A turkey is
frequently on top of the agenda for many
occasions. If you are planning to use ready
prepared turkey dinners, give us a call at 553
3238. OSUWarm Springs Extension Ser
vice has a one-page brochure with sugges
tions for dinners Hot From The Oven, Cooked
And Refrigerated, and Cooked Frozen Tur
keys With Individually Wrapped Side Dishes.
Each of these ways of using ready pre
pared turkey dinners should be handled dif
ferently with the exception if it is Hot, keep
it HOT,. If it is to be served cold, keep it cold.
If it is Frozen, thaw it according to direc
tions to keep it safe to eat.
If it's a Frozen turkey that you buy, it
should have a USDA inspection seal? This
seal on the label tells you the turkey was
prepared in a USDA inspected plant. Read
follow directions on the package for thaw
ing, reheating and storing.
If the package had no handling instruc
tions on the label, follow these steps:
Thaw the wrapped cooked frozen tur
key on a tray in the refrigerator. ALLOW
ABOUT
A DAY FOR EVERY 5 POUNDS OF
MEAT. Small packages of stuffing, gravy,
potatoes, etc. will thaw in less time. Side
dishes can go from freezer to the over, if you
like.
Once the cooked turkey thaws, plan to
eat it within 3-4 days. You may eat turkey
cold or reheat to 165 "F.
Stuffing and gravy should be eaten in 1
to 2 days.
If vou plan to reheat the turkey, cut the
meat off the bone. .Slice breast meat. Legs
and wings may be left whole for reheating.
Refrigerate leftovers in covered shal
low containers so it cools rapidly and keeps
bacteria from growing.
He wove a picture of a way of life that
dates back "at least 10,000 years," noting
that some of Oregon's earliest inhabitants
used acorns instead of "exotic plants like
wheat and barley" to make flour. There is
evidence they did variety selection research
with acorn trees, said Fence.
"A lot of you know about kiwis, papayas
and pineapples. How many of you know
about acorns, a native food in Oregon?" he
asked students.
"I think this might be the first course of its
kind, designed by native people," said Judith
Vcrgun, director of OSU's Native Ameri
cans in Marine Sciences program. She ex
plained that 63 members of tribes in Oregon
and two members of Alaskan tribes devel
oped the course's curriculum in a consensus
process that took a year.
Vergun taught the course with Bodie
Shaw, a graduate student in OSU's Col
lege of Forestry who's a member of the
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs.
"One reason I wanted to be teaching assistant
for this" said Shaw, was that I wanted to learn
the perspectives of other tribes." He said
many Indian students enrolled in the course
noted in weekly essays that they were sur
prised to learn "this or that about their heri
tage." Non-Indian students also admitted to hav
ing impressions about the history of Indians
in the Northwest shattered, added Vergun.
"A lot of what we're talking about is
communication," she said. "Learning to ap
preciate each other's cultures and learning to
work together as opposed to separately."
Burke noted that this winter as last winter,
professor Judith Li in OSU's Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife will offer a course
called "Multicultural Understanding of Natu
ral Resource Management." That examines
the perspectives of several cultures, includ
ing European, Asian and Native American.
BABY KIWIS
We have a new kind of "baby" growing in
Oregon. The name of the variety is Arguta,
nicknamed Baby Kiwi by a grower from
Sheridan. The advantage is that you do not
have to peel the fruit, because it has a smooth
skin to accompany the usual bright green
flesh inside with the distinctive black seed
pattern and the flavor is great, says the grower
Mark Hurst. Until his crop is bearing fruit on
the 6 acres in 1997, he gets his supply of
Arguta fruits from five other growers in
Willamette Valley. Mid- to late September is
the harvest time.
The Arguta plants will yield about 50 to
1 00 pounds of fruit per plant after three years
of growth according to Bernadine Strik, OSU
Extension horticulturist at the North
Willamette Research and Extension Center
20 miles south of Portland near Aurora.
All kiwi fruit originated in Asia. The
fuzzy-skinned, egg sized fruit that we usu
ally see in the market is call "Hay ward." Italy
is the leadingproducerof Hayward kiwifruit.
New Zealand and California are the second
and third largest producers.
Oregon's climate and soils are better suited
for growing the smaller Arguta kiwifruit,
according to Strik. Some varieties of the
smaller fruit have been grown in British
Columbia, but Hurst claims kiwifruit grown
in Oregon taste better.
Unlike some of the other species tested,
the Arguta type grows best in full sunlight,
which is an advantage when growing large
numbers of plants in a field, according to .
Strik.
Strik has tested several varieties of the
grape-sized Arguta kiwifruit and says that ,
the Ananasnaya variety has the greatest ;
commercial potential. Whatever variety ;
growers choose, I hope we will call them
"Baby Kiwis" because I had a hard time
typing that name.
Cattleman's Roundup Profits hard to come by
Successful presentations possible
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Increasing cattle supplies and high
feedgrain prices have forced calf prices to
their lowest levels since the mid 1980's.
Those prices will cause considerable red ink
for cow-calf operations in 1995. Many pro
ducers are evaluating their marketing op
tions for the 1995 calf crop. But, finding a
profit will be difficult. In fact, it w ill require
a sharp pencil to minimize losses.
The USDA mid-year inventory placed the
national cattle and calf inventory at 1 14.3
million head - up 2.2 percent (2.5 million
head) from year-earlier levels and 5 percent
above 1993's July 1 total. That was the larg
est midyear estimate since 1985.
Cow-calf operations have continued to
expand the nation 's beef cowherd. As of July
1 , the num ver of beef cows was 37.2 million
head - 3.3 percent more than last year's
midyear in ventory and the largest since 1984.
USDA's July 1 estimate for the 1995 calf
crop was up 2 percent, in line with the trend
of increasing beef cow numbers. It was the
largest midyear calf crop projection since
1984. The larger calf crop has raised the
calculated feeder cattle supply (number of
calves and yearlings outside feedlots, not
including replacement heifers) to the largest
numbersince 1986. Compared to 1994,feeder
cattle supplies are up about 3 percent.
Cost of gain for feedlots has skyrocketed
due to high feedgrain prices. So, cattle feed
ers must bid lower for feeder cattle to offset
high cost of gain. Further, cattle feeders hire
cautious buyers because of lower trending
slaughter cattle prices.
Feeder prices should continue to decline
clear through 1997. Two factors may help
cow-calf producers manage in this period of
low prices: 1 ) rather good supplies of forage
in most regions oi the U.S., and 2) histori
cally high calf prices in recent years have
provided cash reserves. Still, successful pro
ducers will adjust production and marketing
plans. Those that retain ownership on their
1995 calves will need to closely budget costs
and monitor market signals.
( adapted from O.S.U. publication 4-H
0226L)
The complete success f a presentation
depends on many factors. Knowledge of the
subject, planning, outlining, equipment, vi
suals, and practice are all important. Equip
ment and its use. Well-chosen equipment
helps make a good impression and adds to
the over-all effectiveness. In general, uni
form, plain and practical equipment should
be used. Arrange the equipment in the most
convenient manner. The center of the table
should be left free for the actual "doing"
part. Equipment not in use can be kept on a
supply table in the background. Trays can be
used to bring the small supplies and equip
ment to the demonstration area. They also
Stop the presses!!! No,
your lost sweatshirt at this
year's 4-H camp is not
wandering the woods cold
and lonely - it is safe and
warm in the 4-H Kitchen.
Just stop by the O.S.U.
Extension office to locate
your lost items from the
1995 4-H Wilderness
Enrichment camp at Trout
Lake.
provide a natural way to group materials and
keep the table neat. Visuals. Posters, charts,
models, pictures, cutouts, etc. are important
in an illustrated talk. For 4-H projects, a
member should make their own charts. They
do not have to be an artist to print neat,
readable words. Understanding a few basic
principles of lettering, plus practice, will do
the job. Stencils are available and can be
used effectively. Materials for making charts
and illustrations can be inexpensive. Corru
gated boxes, large paper bags, or wrapping
paper can be used. Poster board is relatively
cheap and is very satisfactory. Crayons or
magic markers can be used for lettering.
Lettering or illustrations should be large
enough for the audience to see. A good guide
to follow is to put some lettering on achart
stand back as far as your audience will be
and see if you can easily read it. Tips to
make your presentation more effective.
The 4-H'cr should practice their presenta
tion before giving it in front of any group.
Poise and confidence arc gained each time it
is practiced. The member, leaders, and par
ents can see if his ideas are in order and
supported with enough action, illustrations,
examples, etc. Practice helps to: Sychronize
action and explanation. Do things in logi
cal sequence. Stay w ithin the time limit.
Determine whether or not the presenter has
sufficient information on the subject. Be
come skillful in the use of equipment, post
ers, illustrations, etc. Be certain special
equipment functions properly. The 4-H"rr
should be encouraged to practice enough to
feel secure but not to the point of losing
enthusiasm.
H
A T
P H T
P A O
Y N
K O
A S N
N G E
D I
V A
H I N
END
A G
L A
T L
H L
Y