WWW
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
August 3, 1995 7
Arlene Boileau
Bob Pawelek
Livestock
Clint Jacks v
Staff Chair, Madras
OrfcBOM mil UMflPIWTV
CTENSJON
4-H & Youth
Norma Simpson
Home Economics
Sue Ryan
4-H Assistant
(503) 553-3238
The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs .
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Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Itjs programs -'A
and materials equally to all people. ,
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September
Garden hints from your OSU Extension Agent
Many involved to make Enrichment Camp a success
Plant lawns in western Oregon. .
Plant or transplant rhododendrons, iris.
Plant garden cover crops as garden is harvested. Spread manure or compost
over implanted garden areas.
Pick and store winter squash, mulch carrot rows for winter harvesting.
Spray holly for leaf and twig blight, blueberries for stem canker.
Reduce water on trees, shrubs, vines east of Cascades to harden them off for
winter.
Plant daffodils, tulips, crocus for spring bloom. Work calcium and phosphorus
into the soil below the bulbs.
Bring houseplants indoors, after cleaning and repotting.
Pick green tomatoes and ripen indoors if frost threatens.
Use stakes to support tall flowers and to keep them from blowing over in
high winds.
Apply beneficial parasitic nematodes to rhododendron and azalea plantings
where root weevil problems have been observed.
Bait for slugs.
Treat lawn weeds now, remove thatch from old lawns.
If grasshoppers invade garden, spray with Sevin or malathion.
Willamette Valley: corn may need protection from earworm. Spray new silks
with appropriate pesticides.
Dig, clean, and store tuberous begonias if frost threatens.
Harvest potatoes when the tops die down. Store them in a dark location.
Prepare compost pile for recycling vegetation from garden and deciduous trees.
Do not compost diseased or insect infested plant material.
Western Oregon: Plant winter cover of annual rye or winter peas.
Copper spray for peach and cherry trees.
Spray for leaf cane and spot in trailing berries.
Spray for juniper twig blight after pruning away dead and infected twigs.
Spray for Berckmann's blight in arborvitae.
Coastal and western valleys: spray potatoes and tomatoes for early and
late blight
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
A
by Arlene Boileau and
Norma L. Simpson
The woods was full of kids at Trout Lake
August 7-13. We had 55 kids registered for
the great wilderness experience. As we write
this column, we are packing the truck, check
ing the health certificates for everyone at
camp, and loading the vehicles with food and
finding our swimming suit. With this heat,
the swimming should be great.
Our new Extension 4-H Aide has been to
camp with us many times as a volunteer.
You'll recognize her voice as well as her
face. Sue Ryan has been filling two posts
since July 10 doing her daily radio work and
learning all the new things in her new job
with OSUWarm Springs Extension Service.
In preparation for the 4-H Wilderness Camp
at Trout Lake, she's registered the children
and verified each Health Certificate for the
campers, the volunteers and the staff so the
nurses, Tammy Wells and Mary Smith and
EMTs can be prepared for any emergency.
We appreciate the great assistance of lots
of people, beginning with Mickey Boileau
who keeps the camping spirit alive while the
months of preparation go on and on. Then he
and his chummy side-kick,Chum, lift tons of
things to set up the camp. Bob Pawelek for
running and running and running for many
things needed in camp.
Urbana Manion, Daisy Ike are volunteers
to give special attention to the kids and open
their eyes to the value of sharing cultural and
wilderness experiences yj'ith each other.
Roland Kalama Jr. is art director and
Rosemary Charley is a craft teacher with
great materials for basket making and other
tilings. Carol Allison comes Saturday to teach
the children how to be clowns as they paint
their faces with a personality that touches
your soul. Esther Kalama-Culpus teaches
beadworking and is a kitchen helper while
Jolene Marker is a kitchen helper and Girls
Counselor. Tanya Wilson from Oregon City
is a girl counselor for the second year and her
best friend Stacy Thomas from Antelope
comes to help with and enjoy the kids.
Craig Tailfeathers is the boys sweat house
leader. Joseph Boise is the water safety di
rector. Delbert Frank and Kevin Blueback
are boys counselors. Leana Blueback does
the girls sweat house. Ken and Heidi will
take kids to explore nature and the wonders
of the wilderness.
We have three great cooks, Hilda Culpus,
Effie Culpus and Zoeanne Jackson O'Ncil.
Plans and buying thousands of dollars of
food for the 9 days at camp - 5 days for the
older campers, and 2 day outings for the
Latch Key Children, and two days to set up
the camp. We huff and puff together as the
groceries go up and down the stairs. We'll all
be hungry from all the work, play and fun
together.
Kate Jackson is in charge of the Tradi
tional Salmon Sunday Dinner on the final
day of camp when parents and special guests
join the campers. Ask your kids about the
great time they had in the wilderness.
Taking the children to the wilderness is
vitally important for the passing the culture
to the children. Some have little experience
in the woods, on the trails and up the moun
tains. 4-H Wilderness Camp is possible only
by the dedication of the volunteer and paid
staff. The Tribal Departments have been very
supportive. Herb Graybacl, Cecil Brunoe Jr.
and staff of Utilities; Mike Gomez and staff
of Fire Management; Ed Manion and staff of
Public Utilities; Jody Calica, Terry Luther,
Clay Penhollow and other staff of Natural
Resources; Marcia Soliz and Eunice Esquiro
of Work Experience; Dallas Winishut of
Culture and Heritage; Sal Sahme, Judy
Charley and Marcy Clements and other Hu
man Services staff; Miles King of the Fi
nance Department; Deepak Sehgal of Water
and Soils; Lester Poitra and other staff of
Fish and Wildlife; Anita Jackson and staff of
Public Safety; Steve Whitaker and Kevin
Climber of Kah-Nee-Ta Lodge; and John
Beals and Clint Jacks of the Jefferson County
Extension office. Thanks to the National
Guard for teaching use of a compass and
Rick and Doug for boosting their spirits to
the top of Ollalie Butte.
Salli Blacketer, the Warm Springs Exten
sion Secretary who had to put up with the
frantic months that lead up to camp. C.R.
helped us through the crisis time between old
and new staff and introduced Sue to many
tasks for camp while Jenny has been blading
around, doing thousands of errands, copies
galore, and helping prepare the Tracking
materials. It's Team Work at its best!
We want to thank all the people who
helped to make this a great 4-H Wilderness
Camp the ideas, the skills, the patience
with the thousands of details to pull off the
camp, the TLC of the children and adults and
finally our Creator for the beautiful wilderness.
Choose vocabulary carefully when speaking to and about handicapped persons
Can salsa safely
by Norma L. Simpson
Salsas taste terrific. But if you plan to
make quantities of salsa with chiles, please
preserve them in the freezer or by pressure
canning. We no longer recommend using the
water bath method for canning tomatoes or
tomato products unless enough vinegar (5
acid or bottled lemon juice) is added to the
salsa. Carolyn Raab. the food and nutrition
specialist of Oregon State University, sent us
an email notice of the alert.
The reason for the alert is that the July
1995 issue of the Rjnalite contained recipes
for salsa, preserved in the water bath.
Open-kettle canning is considered to be
UNSAFE and is no longer recommended.
Our experience in Oregon and other parts of
the USA tells us that all the other ingredients
in the salsa change the mixture to a lower-acid
product, even unsafe to eat.
; People in Northwest have learned the hard
Way by being poisoned by a botulism bacte
ria which grew in salsa. Tomatoes and to
mato products with other vegetables must be
pressure canned to 240F. to kill the bacteria.
Botulism bacteria does not grow in frozen
products, so you have an alternative to freeze
Salsa.
; At our elevation in Warm Springs, Salsas
with acid should be simmered for 10 minutes
before packing and sealed before water bath
ing for 20 minutes. Salsas without acid should
be pressure canned for 20 minutes in pint
bottles at 12 pounds of pressure, with a
weighted pressure canner, use 15 pounds of
pressure.
Better be sate man sorryl
by Lucy Linker, executive director of
The Arc of
Umatilla County and
Norma L. Simpson, OSUWarm Springs
Extension Service
During the Chatcolab Recreation and
Leadership training attended by Tina and
Valarie Aguilar and Norma Simpson, sev
eral presentations were given about working
with the disabled. Lucy Linker included sev
eral pages in the Chatcolab Notebook which
I think might help us all to interact with
eople with disabilities. Part 1 printed in the
ast Spilyay had to do with writing about
disabilities. And part 2 in this Spilyay deals
with appropriate terminology for specific
disabilities.
For many of us it means accepting the
right of this group to determine the choices
for writing and speaking about them, even if
it means that we have to learn new ways of
behaving. You will notice that the emphasis
is on the individual not the condition.
APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGY
FOR SPECIFIC DISABILITIES
Listed below are preferred words that
reflect a positive attitude in portraying dis
abilities. BLIND. Describes a condition in which a
person has loss of vision for ordinary life
purposes. Generally, anyone with less than
10 of normal; vision would be regarded as
legally blind.
Visually Impaired is the generic term pre
ferred by some individuals to refer to all
degrees of vision loss. Use boy who is blind,
girl which is visually impaired, man who has
low vision.
Cleft lip. Describes a specific congenital
disability involving lip and gum. The term
hair lip is anatomically incorrect and stigma
tizing. Use person who has a cleft lip or has
a cleft palate.
Congenital disability. Describes a dis
ability that has existed since birth is not
necessarily hereditary. The term birth defect
is inappropriate. ; ,
Deaf. Deafness refers to a profound de
gree of hearing loss that prevents under
standing speech through the ear. Hearing
impaired is the generic term preferred by
some individuals to refer to any degree of
hearing loss - from mild to profound. It
includes both hard of hearing and deaf. Hard
of hearing refers to a mild to moderate
hearing loss that may or may not be corrected
with amplification. Use woman who is deaf,
boy who is hard of hearing, people who are
hearing-impaired. '
Developmental disability. Any mental
andor physical disability that has an onset
before age 22 and may continued indefi
nitely. It an limit major life activities. Term
includes individuals with mental retardation,
cerebral palsy, autism,: epilepsy (and other
seizure disorders), sensory impairments, con
genital disabilities, traumatic accidents, or
conditions caused by disease (polio, muscu
lar dystrophy, etc.) !
Disability. General term used for a func
tional limitation that interferes with a person ' s
ability, for example, to; walk, hear, learn, or
lift. It may refer to a physical, mental, or
sensory condition. Use as descriptive noun
or adjective, such as persons who are men
tally and physically disabled, man with a
disability. j
Downe Syndrome. Describes a form of
mental retardation caused by improper chro
mosomal division during fetal development.
Handicap. Not a synonym for disability.
Describes a condition or barrier imposed by
society, the environment, or by one's own
self. Handicap can be used when citing laws
and situations but should not be used to
describe a disability. Say, "The stairs are a
handicap for her, " or "He is handicapped by
the inaccessible bus. "
Head Injury. Describes a condition where
there is temporary or long-term interruption
in brain functioning. Use persons with head
injury, people who have sustained brain dam
age, woman who has traumatic brain injury,
boy with a closed head injury.
Mental IllnessMental Disability. De
scribes a condition where there is a loss of
social andor vocational skills. Do not use
mentally deranged, crazy, deviant. Mental
disability describes all of the recognized
forms of mental illness, severe emotional
disorder, or mental retardation. Terms such
as neurotic, psychotic, and schizophrenic
should be reserved for technical medical
writing only. Use man with mental illness,
woman with a mental disorder.
Nondisabled. Appropriate term for per
sons without disabilities. The terms normal,
able- bodied, healthy or whole are inappro
priate. Seizure. Describes an involuntary mus
cular contraction, a brief impairment or loss
of consciousness, etc. resulting from neuro
logical condition, such as epilepsy. Rather
than epileptic, say girl with epilepsy or boy
with a seizure disorder. The term, convul
sion should only be used for seizures involv
ing contraction of the entire body.
Small Stature. Do not refer to very small
persons as dwarfs or midgets. Use man of
small stature. Dwarfism is an accepted medi
cal term, but it should not be used as gener
ally terminology.
Spastic. Describes a muscle with sudden
abnormal and involuntary spasms. Not ap
propriate for describing someone with cere
bral palsy. Muscles are spastic, not people.
Special. Describes that which is different
or uncommon about any person. Do Not Use
to describe persons with disabilities (except '
when citing laws or regulations).
Specific learning disability. Describes a
permanent condition that affects the way
individuals with average or above average
intelligence take in, retain and express infor
mation. Specific is preferred, because it em
phasizes that only certain learning processes
are affected.
Speech Disorder. Describes a condition
where a person has limited or difficult speech
patterns. Use child who has a speech disor
der. For a person with no verbal speech
capability, use woman without speech. Do
not use mute.
Spinal cord injury. Describes a condi
tion where there has been permanent damage
to the spinal cord. Quadriplegia describes
substantial or total loss of function in all four
extremities. Paraplegia refers to substantial
or total los of function in the lower part of the
body only. Say man with paraplegia, woman
who is paralyzed." (emphasis added).
PUT THE EMPHASIS ON THE
PEOPLE NOT THE DISABILITY
As we make the attempts to respect the
wishes of people with disabilities, we will no
doubt be frustrated to change our patterns of
speech and writing. If we can remember to
put the emphasis on the people, not the dis
ability, we will be able to reach the goal.
People with disabilities from many orga
nizations have worked together to make their
voices heard. Because tribal people with
disabilities have their own perspective about
the conditions that they live with every day,
it's important to ask them what they think of
the suggestions in this story. We may need
our own set of guidelines for Warm Springs
terminology.
Stockman's Roundup: Agent offers varied information
by Bob Pawelek OSU Exension
Livestock Agent
A viral disease affecting cattle, horses and
swirie is occurring in the western United
States.
Vesicular stomatitis affects livestock bv
causing blisterlike lesions to form in the
j mouth and on the dental pad, tongue, lips,
nostrils, hooves, and teats. These blisters
' swell and break, leaving raw tissue that is so
; painful that infected animals generally refuse
' to eat or drink and show signs of lameness.
The disease has not yet been reported in
Oregon. However, over 100 positive cases
hve been identified in New Mexico, Arizona,
Colorado and Texas. With stock movements,
it is reasonable to assume that it may spread.
How vesicular stomatitis spreads is not
fully known; insect vectors, mechanical
trans-mission, and movement of animals are
probably responsible. Once introduced to the
herd, the disease apparently moves from ani
mal to animal by contact or expose to saliva
or fluid from ruptured lesions.
There is no specific treatment or cure for
this viral disease. Owners can protect their
animals by avoiding congregation of ani
mals in the vicinity where vesicular stomatitis
has occurred.
If you suspect any signs of a vesicular
condition-slobbering, lameness, loss of
weight, drop in milk production, and blisters,
immediately contact your veterinarian.
For more information, I have brochures
and factsheets in my office.
W.S. 4-H Livestock Crew Fair Results
Warm Springs has reason to be proud.
Jessica Fuentes, David Fuentes, Lydell
Suppah and Sidney Minnick all showed pigs
at the Jefferson County Fair recently. (Sidney
and David showed in FFA.) Under the lead
ership of Laura Fuentes, the kids did great
they learned much from the experience of
taking care of their pigs. Before, during and
after the show, their demeanor was an ex
ample for the rest of Jefferson County's
youth to follow.
Factors affecting cattle prices
The major goal of the beef
industry-efficient production of a highly pal
atable product with a profitable return-implies
that two main facors affect profitable beef
production: (1) efficiency, or cost, of pro
duction and (2) the price received for the
product.
Although there are limits to improving
efficiency of production, the current beef
industry has the opportunity to make tremen
dous strides in cost-effective productivity,
especially the cow-calf ranchers. Even at the
best levels of production efficiency (when
numbers and weights are at the least cost), if
market price is not high enough to cover
costs, a profit will not be realized.
Producers need to understand the advan
tages and disadvantages of different markets
as well as the factors affecting the supply and
demand for beef. These factors determine
the price structure for beef, allowing produc
ers to identify ways of predicting and possi
bly changing beef prices1, . "
Cattle prices are the most widely dis
cussed topic in the beef industry. Supply,
demand, quality of product, psychology and
other complex factors affect prices. Because
of this complexity, many misunderstandings
are generated among buyers and sellers, some
of which have resulted ;in serious accusa-'
tions, lawsuits, price freezes and even con
sumer boycotts. , .
Cattle prices result from a free market
system in which supply and demand factors
determine the price of cattle. Producers find
themselves as "price-takers" rather than
"price-makers," yet they purchase most of
their goods and services in a reverse pricing
structure. Even within the beef industry, the
pricing sturcture changes from the producer
who says, "What will you pay me?" to the
retailer who establishes a price for beef.
Foreign beef threatens American
beef cattle producers
For the first time in 10 years, total pounds of beef per person consumed
increased in 1994 and could also increase again in 1995 to a figure that
will be nearing 69 pounds per person per year.
This should be good news but really it's not because our supply of cattle
from the north out of Canada and up from the south from Mexico continues
to increase also. It goes back to the same old adage: We're trying to get
rid of our own beef as well as Canadian and Mexican beef.
The number of feeder cattle alone imported from Mexico through the
end of April this year is 669,000 head which, of course means we're
enroute to a record number of Mexican feeder cattle coming in. In 1993,
this figure was 1 .3 million and we're going to shatter that, I'm sure. The
cattle producers in the southern United States mostly, but also all over the
country, have taken it in the shorts because of this. They are having
trouble even getting their cattle into feedlots around that part of the
country.
Then you look at the Canadian situation. Slaughter cattle imported from
Canada from January to April 1995 are 33 higher than at this time last
year. On the other hand, our exports to Canada have increased only 9.
That's a big difference!
If you look at the fact that the cow herds in Canada are reaching record
levels, we aren't going to see as many feeder cattle imported to Canada.
We are going to have more and more straight Canadian slaughter cattle
coming to us in 1995 and the new slaughter facilities that are being built in
Canada are not functional yet. So guess where all those cattle are going to
be coming again - SOUTH!
I guess what really burns me is the National Cattlemen's Association
(NCA) and Congress are still strong supporters of NAFTA even after they
have have seen the pressure it has put on our markets. We have certainly
built our cow numbers in the U.S. in the fast few years, but when you
throw all of the extra cattle on our supply situation from Canada and
Mexico, it's killing us. The NCA keeps promoting the idea that the long
term benefits of NAFTA will be positive. Well, how many producers in the
United States have to go out of business before they wake up and admit
they were wrong?
I don't know if NAFTA will be beneficial in the long run or not, but I do
know that there are a lot of producers in the United States that will not
survive to make it to the long term if something is not done awfully quick.
Guest Editorial by Bob Pawelek