I m v w
April 28, 19957
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
The Clover
by Crystal & Arlcne
A tribal elder once shared the following
story:
Every person, each with diverse back
ground, abilities, talents, and personalities, is
placed in this world as part of the human race
to nourish.strcngthcn and help other grow.
Look at the forest. See how tiny pine trees
eventually gave way to majestic pines, and
how the alfalfa lives in harmony with grass.
That is way you are different from me. Our
differences are meant to be placed together
like a jigsaw puzzle so the world can see a
perfect picture of harmony and peace.
From: Don Addy
Ft. Belknap Extension Services (article
taken from Families a publication of summer
of 1992)
Arlene Boilcau has received this letter from
the Warm Springs 4-H Search and Rescue
Cadet Program
Re: Conclusion of the Warm Springs 4-H
Search and Rescue Cadet Program
This is to announce the ending of the Warm
Spring 4-H Search and rescue Cadet Program.
Our last official meeting Monday evening 3-20-95.
There are several reason for the con
clusion of the 4-H club, but mainly it is lack of
funds, the youths of this program are the
greatest. Even to the point of being recog
nized as one of the best in the nation, as the
653rd Point Of Light. Being the only Search
and Rescue program in the United States to be
put in the Congressional Record, which is
written history. These youths have accom
plished many obstacles and challenges, tne
last 712 years with these kids, have been the
Changing in our
by Norma L. Simpson
During the recent Inservice Training at
Oregon State University, extension home eco
nomics agents learned about changes in our
bodies as we grow older. Connie Georgiou,
OSU nutrition professor outlined much of the
research that we have needed for years to help
older people eat properly and add food supple
ments when they are needed. This is the first
of two articles for Spilyay about these changes.
Keys to good nutrition in the older years
Be Physically Active even if you are
home in a chair. We have seen the benefits
when the Honor Seniors Day and the Root
Feast are held. While some people can no
longer dance around the Longhouse, their feet
and hands are moving to the beat of the drums.
Be Socially Active, eat with other people,
listen to music and sing the songs on Talking
Drum, chat with grandchildren and teach them
the languages that are important in your life,
tell stories of your life that family members
can write down in your "Book of Memories."
Then have them retell the stories or read back
the stories to be sure the details are correct.
Eat A Variety of Foods like whole grains,
fresh vegetables and fruits, lean meats, poul
try and fish and low-fat dairy products. Taste
a small amount of new foods both to see if you
like them and to see if they agree with your
body.
Stockman's Round up: Charolais and its crosses-
1,1
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
Charolais is a French breed, originally
from the province of Charolles in Central
France. The breed is noted for its large size,
growth thrust and bred-in red meat.
When Charolais arrived in the United
States, crossbred steers were being marketed
from grass when they were four to five years
old. Soon after the end of World War I, a
young Mexican industrialist, Jean Pugibet,
arranged a shipment of two bulls and 10
heifers to his ranch in Mexico.
In 1934, Maximo Michaelis of Kyle, Texas
saw these Charolais cattle on the Pugibet
ranch. The Mexican Secretary of Agriculture,
General Perez Trevino, gave Michaelis two
Charolais bulls. These were the first Charol
ais to enter the United States.
Charolais are horned, light tan at birth. The
color changes within a few weeks to a cream
white.
Charbrav
From Charolais X Brahman crosses, usu
ally 34 Charolais and i4 Brahman, the
vre.Y r
Speaks
best in life.
Keith Baker
Recognition
Recognition nite is a special event for the
leaders, members & volunteers. The event
is when all the 4-hcrs are recognized for the
special skills that they have been learning
and getting out of 4-H. If you have not
turned in your registration form, please bring
them in, Crystal will then enter the informa
tion in the 1 -2-3-4-h program. The program
lets our staff know how many years you are
to be recognized.
Chatcolub:Stepping stones to leadership
Chatcolab is what? a leadership
laboratory;a week of individual develop
ment opportunities;an exchange of ideas
and techniques Chatcolab is who? People
working with people; anyone who is 15
years or older; persons interested in self
development and recrcationChatcolab is
why? To promote leadership through recre
ation; supportive atmosphere for personal
& professional growth; CEU's are avail
ablcChatcolab is where? Camp Gifford; on
the shores of Deer Lake; 40 miles north of
Spokane Washington; Chatcolab is how
much? $180.00 regular (incudes meals and
lodging); $160 (seniors 60 full time stu
dents); $35 patron members (notebook &
chat chat newsletter); Early bird ($20 dis
count if registered by May 15); Scholar
ships (limited number available for first
year participants).
In-depth Workshopsgames leadcrship
for the fun of it; environmental crafts; musi
cal activities andor off instruments; high
ropes course; campfire programming;
Mini-workshops: quilting; adventure;
recreation; stress management; decorative
boxes; star gazing; dance; legal liabilities;
event planning; power up your program
with music; low ropes course; and much,
much more.
If you are interested in the workshop you
may contact Crystal at the OSu Extension
office at 553-32383239. Crystal will be
more than glad to answer any question for
you. We do have the applications for the
chatcolab work shops.
Rainbow Dancers:
The rainbow dancers are starting up their
meetings, calls have been received asking
for the rainbow dancers. The first meeting is
March 30, 1 995 at 7 pm. We will be discuss
inu our calendars, countv fairs, state fair.
fund raising, and what is expected. If you
bodies as we grow older: first of two series
, mr .ii- fhoz-aWioc hut tint hnlnnrcH nn the nutrients. rect the miKrle n
IIco Voootahlf. Oil in MnnVratinn
rather than animal fat like bacon grease, lard
or lots of cheese. These animal fats contain
cholesterol which is hard for the heart.
Some people need multiple vitamin
and mineral supplements or calcium and
or Vitamin D supplements. The supplements
, needed depend on the functions of age and
activity.
Current recommendations for energy
you eat and how you use it
Chose foods that are rich in nutrients that
your body needs. That need not rich in fats,
but rich in the nutrients like the vitamins and
minerals that will keep your body healthy.
The professor observed one nursing home
with a 1 00 year old woman that wouldn ' t eat
lunch or dinner. But she loved the rice
crispies for breakfast. The cooks were told
to serve the elder what ever she wanted to
eat, which meant rice crispies for all three
meals, if that pleased her. What she needed
were NUTRIENTS. And rice crispies gave
her more nutrients that the other foods she
refused to eat. We all commented, that when
you are 100 years old, should be able to eat
anything your heart desires.
What is ideal is having the balance be
tween the calories in the foods and the
nutrients.
A steady diet of chocolates is heavy on
Charbray is a breed of its own with its
association. The Charbrav has the growth
thrust of the Charolais and the heat-insect
tolerance of the Brahman. A slight hint of
the Brahman dewlap remains.
Charford
From Charolais X Hereford crosses, usu
ally 34 Charolais and 14 Hereford, the
Charford is not yet accredited to an associa
tion of its own. Color combinations are
varied, ranging from solid red to tiger-striped
to light tan and white. The Charford is bred
for the packer, as the carcass hangs in the
weight range that the packer is looking for.
Chianina
From Central Italy in the province of
Tuscany, the Chianina is of very ancient
origin, going back to the days of the Roman
Empire. Chianina is the largest breed of
cattle in the world. Mature bulls stand about
six feet tall (18 hands) at the withers and
weigh up to 4,000 pounds. Mature cows
weigh up to 2,400 pounds.
The breed is also noted for trimness of
middle; fineness of head, horn and bone.
There is an absence of excessive dewlap and
brisket. They're horned, with a narrow head,
porcelain white hair, black switch and dark
skin. The growth rate and leanness of the
breed give Chianina bulls an important role
as a terminal cross in a crossbreeding pro
gram. Corriente
Corrientes are raised primarily for rodeo
sports, i.e., team roping and bulldogging in
the U.S. and for Charreadas in Mexico.
Not to be confused with Mexican fight
ing bulls, or even Texas Longhorns, the
Corriente is a small, agile, athletic animal
with heavy horns. The cattle are narrow
with high withers and a short, peaked rump.
Corriente can fatten and finish and steers
grown too big to rope have a mature frame
and can put on bulk in about ninety days.
Devon
Devon is an English breed, having origi
nated in the counties of Devon and Somerset.
are interested in getting your family involved
come on in to the office and fill out registra
tion forms. We do ask that the parents be
involved also.
Burnout-What is it and what can you do to
avoid it?
1 ) Set realistic goals.dcfinc your goals as
precisely as possible, staying attuned to what
is possible as well as to the mission and job
requirements of your organization; 2) Focus
on your successes, not on your failures. No
one can help everyone. Allocate time and
energy to make major efforts where they'll to
do the most good; 3) focus more upon the
process than the result. There is a great deal
more to helping people than seeing the cures
at the end of the tunnel. For example, recog
nize the significance of developing a good
rapport with clients and the pleasure of doing
an important job well; 4) Keep a time per
spective. Don't expect results right away.
Much of the good you do may happen in your
client's lives long after they have left you.
For example, think of the teachers whose
influence you did not appreciate until much
later in your life.
Wilderness camp
Wilderness camp committee is well on
their way with meetings. If you are interested
in volunteering to help at camp, contact
Arlene Boilcau at 503-553-3238. The camp
is going to be great this year. We would love
the have volunteers.
Help wanted for
4-H camp
Positions needed for Warm Springs 4-H
Wilderness Enrichment Camp at Trout Lake :
Full time cook, Full time cooks helper I,
Full time cooks helper II, Full time Rec.
Director, Full time Water Safety Director
(Life Guard), Full Time Art Director,
Storytelling (part time), Sweat house (knowl
edgeable), Drumming (Teacher) Beginning
& advance, Cultural Teachers, Bead work
Teachers .Beginning & Advance.
If you would be interested in filling any of
these position please call 553-3238 and ask
for Arlene Boileau, or come into the OSU
Extension Office in the Warm Springs Edu
cation Building on 1110 Wasco Street and
we will have further information on these
positions see you soon
the calories but not balanced on the nutrients.
Chose two types of exercise: Practice aero
bic exercises which stimulate your heart,
lungs and circulation. These things you can
do from a chair or a bed as well as on the floor
Until my mother died at age 87, she could
still touch her toes and do all the stretching
exercises that kept her much more limber
than I am. For years when I visited her, we
watched the 10 pm newscast on TV while we
stretched, rolled and kicked up our heals.
Practice strenth-huildingexercises which
turn the protein we eat into muscles for our
body. If we don't build and repair the muscles,
we loose muscle and the protein goes to fat
that piles up on our lumpy places. If we care
for an elder person, we need to help them get
some kinds of exercise that build muscles so
they well be able to pick up and hold the
grandchildren and participate in the other
wonderful activities that happen to them in
family and community life. The Disabilities
Act has made it possible to do many more
things with less effort. Ramps and wide doors
and porta-toilets for wheel-chair bound
people. But there is lots more we can do that
relate to nutrition, that require that we under
stand the changes in the body as it relates to
the foods we eat.
Energy needs decrease with age
Resting Energy Use: When we sleep or
They are sometimes referred to as "Ruby
Red," as a rich dark red is preferred by the
breed association.
Dexter
Small size with short legs, the Dexter is an
Irish breed. Mature bulls do not generally
exceed 1 ,000 pounds. The Dexter is difficult
to discern from Angus except for their small
ish frame.
Fleckvieh
Evolved from Simmental cattle which
originally came from Switzerland, Fleckvieh
were bred in Southern Germany around 1 895.
In Germany, the red and white spotted ani
mal is considered a dual-purpose breed with
emphasis on beef.
The progeny testing and selection pro
gram of the Fleckvieh in Bavaria is, without
doubt, one of the best in the world. To be
licensed as a dam of a herd sire, a cow must
be in the top 5 of the breed on milk produc
tion; classified by a committee for size and
conformation, and must meet rigid standards
for calving intervals, calving ease, milking
ease, disposition, and pedigree.
Next time: Hereford, Limousin, and an
Australian pedigree.
NAFTA Sparks
Increased U.S. Beef
Exports
by Bob Pawelek
Cattle producers reaped some benefits in
1994 under the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) including huge in
creased in U.S. beef exports to Mexico and
the formation of a working trade group con
sisting of beef producers from each country.
The value of U.S. beef exports to Mexico
increased 54 percent during the first six
months of 1994 as compared to the same
period in 1993. Total volume of U.S. beef
exports to Mexico increased 35 percent dur
ing the same period.
Additionally, cattle producers from each
OREGON STATE UNfVFRSTTV
EXTENSION
service
OSU Extension Staff;
Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
Crystal Winishut 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtusik Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home
Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension
Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of
Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all
people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Canning booklets available
by Carolyn Raab, OSU food & nutrition
specialist & Norma L. Simpson
Asparagus always announces the begin
ning of spring. If you're planning to preserve
any asparagus, do it safely. Home-canned
asparagus can be deadly if it isn't processed
the right way.
Like other low acid foods, asparagus must
be processed in higher than the boiling point
of water. These high temperatures are needed
to destroy the spores of bacteria that cause
botulism, a sometimes fatal illness from food
poisoning.
Process pints of either hot or raw packed
asparagus for 30 minutes at 240 degrees (15
pounds pressure with a weighted gauge; 12
pounds on a dial gauge). Quarts require 40
minutes of processing. The pounds pressure
and timing are from 2000 to 4000 feet eleva
tions Warm Springs Indian Reservation. The
pressure adjustments will be different at other
elevations so contact the county Extension
Service offices where you are canning the
asparagus.
If you don't have a pressure canncr, con
rest, the muscle or lean tissue of our body
uses less energy than when we were younger.
If we eat the same amount of food we ate
when we were younger, we tend to get
heavier. The energy we have, goes to keep
ing the fat tissue supplied. If we are heavier,
we have more fat cells, using more of our
energy when we rest.
Physical Activity Use: Think of all the
things that you use to, do. Amazing the en
ergy we had then, but don't have now. What
we must think about is how to match the
activities we like to do today, to the amount
of food it takes to do the activity at the level
we want.
I use to love to fish, but I have not had my
line in the water since I came to Warm
Springs. During the Sports Festival at the
Jefferson County Fair grounds, I got my first
line in the water, to learn to fly cast. Let's
hope this year that I can get a fly or a spinner
and hook on the line and in the water rather
than the tassel of red yarn.
Factors that influence on how older people
eat
OSU Nutrition professor, Connie
Georgiou, highlighted seven influences that
affect how older people eat today:
Economics Status: Nearly all older people
have a reduced economic status, either be
cause they have stopped working, or they
of the three NAFTA countries have formed a
voluntary alliance to review beef industry
disputes among Canadian, Mexican and U.S.
cattlemen before seeking government reso
lutions. The NAFTA Beef Working Group,
as it is referred, consists of members of the
National Cattlemen's Association, the Cana
dian Cattlemen's Association and the Mexi
can Confederation National de Ganadereia.
To foster better understandings on issues
which could hold back trade, the Beef Work
ing Group has met several times since
NAFTA's implementation. Labeling, meat
inspection requirements and animal health
regulations are now being considered.
Car monitors alcohol level
by Norma L. Simpson
For years I have wondered why vehicles
do not come with some device to prevent
drunk drivers from driving cars both for
their safety and for the safety of people who
now come in contact with drunk drivers. I
remember years ago reading about cars be
ing tested with breathilizers what prevented
the car from starting if alcohol on the driver's
breath was too high. Nothing seemed to ma
terialize from that invention.
When the Tech Update section of the
April 1995 Popnl.ir Mechanics magazine
reported about drunk-proofing cars in a brief
article, I thought that new hope existed. But
the invention is very complex. Here's how
the device works.
Two steering wheels monitor the drivers
blood alcohol levels and react accordingly.
"Both wheels measure alcohol content
through sensors that soak up palm perspira
tion. In each case, the driver must grip the
Information provided bv:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
sider pickling the asparagus. High acidity in
pickling prevents growtn ol tne narmiui
botulism bacteria. If you are uncertain about
the safety of home-canned asparagus in your
cupboard, boil it for 10 minutes before you
eat it. Boiling that long will destroy the
botulism toxin or poison produced by the
bacteria in the jars. It takes the same length
of time in the microwave as on top of the
range. This extra margin of safety could be
a life-saver if canning procedures weren't
correct.
Canning booklets are available in the
OSU Extension Office. For Canning Veg
etables ask for PNW 1 72. For pickling Veg
etables ask for PNW 355.
These two publications were prepared
especially for the Pacific Northwest or PNW
publications. That is important when it has
to do with botulism because the soil in
Oregon, Washington and Idaho have more
botulism in the soil than in other states in the
USA. Botulism bacteria live in the soil,
which is why we pay special attention to
canning of low acid fruits and vegetables
which must be pressure canned.
had limited savings to permit them to eat they
way they did in the past. Others have in
creased medical expenses such as medica
tions or supplies and equipment for blood
test monitoring. Some older people say their
social security payment is not adequate to
buy food and medical supplies. They must go
without one to pay for the other. If they are
caring for grandchildren without compensa
tion from the parents of the children, and SS
or AFDC do not provide money for the chil
dren, the economic of status of the elder
provides food for only one not more people.
Household Composition: Generally as
children grow up and leave home, the com
position of the household decreases. Women
being use to preparing for a large number of
people, often prepare too many servings, and
the food spoils before the food is eater.
If they were not in the habit of freezing
left-overs, the food is wasted.
On the other hand, if children do not leave
when they grow up, they may continue to
treat the household kitchen as a free cafeteria
which also drains the food budget for the
older people with reduced income.
Psychological Factors: People who like to
have children and grandchildren around may
not eat adequate, regular meals when they
are alone. Diabetics find they may must get
into a strict schedule as part of the treatment
which means that thev will not be as flexible
as other people would like them to be. If the
older people stick to their schedule to feel
good, then they may avoid others for com
panionship. Food Preferences: Most people prefer to
eat the food that they grew up on. It hurts
some older and younger people to have to
give up their favorite foods. For example Fry
Bread with lots of sweet huckleberry jam or
syrup. They tend to withdraw from the table
when everyone else gets to eat their favor
ites. Or worse yet for the older person is to eat
bites of "forbidden" foods that they have
stored way. A nutritionist told me they are
"Sneaky" eaters. My weakness is "Choco
late." I can smell chocolate if it's in the house
and I will sneak into it until it is all gone.
Though I tell myself that Carob has the same
flavor, I don't believe it.
To be continued in the next issue.
steering wheel for 10 seconds, and gloves
aren't allowed. The sensor checks for un
usual levels of acidity that signal the pres
ence of toxins. They then double check spe
cifically for alcohol for alcohol.
"If the driver is beyond the legal limit, the
systems respond. One version shuts down
the engine and triggers an alarm. The other
also sets off an alarm and if the subject
attempts to drive, blinks headlights and
sounds the horn every few seconds. The
second systems also monitors blood choles
terol and sugar levels."
The device was developed by Biological
Interaction Transports Systems (BITS).
While the article has an Atlanta, Georgia
byline, the facility is not listed in Atlanta
phone directory.
Until devices like these are installed, we
have to rely on the "Designated Driver" to
prevent accidents to safe the people we lflve
from death and injuries by drunk drivers.