7
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
January 20, 1995 7
Strategies offered for managing caregiving stress
by Stephen F. Duncan, Montana State
University
Whether you are providing care out of
love or out of sense of obligation, caregiving
is stressful. Here are some ideas for coping
with the stress.
Set Realistic Goals and Expectations
Set specific, short-term goals and involve
others in helping you reach these goals. If
you only have broad, long-range goals, you
ore more likely to experience frustration.
Some achievable, short-term goals might
include: Keeping my relative's spirits up by
arranging for friends and family to visit.
Developing my relative's physical strength
by arranging for people to take him or her on
daily walks.
Be realistic in your expectations.
Caregivers frequently struggle to balance
thcirexpectations with what they can actually
achieve. Sometimes we expect too much of
ourselves, and we get into a state of constant
worry or anxiety because we think we are not
doing enough.
Establish Your Limits
You have the right to set limits on what
you will do. It's all right to say no. Doing so,
however, can be difficult especially if you
must make painful choices. There are times,
of course, when it's necessary to beyond ,
limits. In general, however, providing care at '
the expense of your mental and physical
health or relationship with other family
member do not benefit anyone.
Communicating your limits to your family
and to you ill relative is extremely important.
Ask For and Accept Help
Resistance to accepting help is a common
cause of stress and depression among
caregivers. Reaching for Assistance before
you are beyond your limits is an important
characteristics of a strong individual. It also
helps ensure quality care for your family
member.
Be specific and positive in your requests.
Say, for example, "Could you visit with
Mother for an hour so ! can go to the store?"
or "When you go to the store could you pick
up a few things we need?"
Take Care of Yourself
Express your emotions in a healthy way.
Use "I" statements. Say, for example, "0
was upset when you didn't make the doctor's
appointment for Mom that you said you
would" or I felt angry when you didn't show
up to stay with Aunt Sallie so I could go to the
grocery store." Avoid "You" statements or
assignment of blame such as "You don't care
about Mom at all" or "You make so angry."
Try joining a support group. Maintain your
health. Proper diet, sleep, regular exercise
and attention to your health problems are
essential. Do activities you enjoy. Laugh.
Take time for yourself.
CAREGIVER SOS
Get professional Help When:
You find yourself using alcohol or
drugs to forget your problems, relieve stress,
fall asleep at night, or get yourself going in
the morning.
You become chronically depressed.
You don't understand you family
member's behavior or don't know how to
deal with specific care tasks.
You find yourself feeling resentment or
losing emotional control, or neglecting,
humiliating or becoming physically with a
family member.
Your family cannot resolve problems or
reach agreement on care decisions.
You feel a conflict between caregiving
and other responsibilities.
ORfGONSTATf UNfVERSfTY
EXTENSION
service
Information provided by:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
OSU Extension Staff;
Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
Crystal Winishut 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtusik Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home
Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension
Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of
Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all
people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Consistency necessary in divorce dmH npuc ofh art!u!f;oti nntori
by Norma L. Simpson you need to adhere to a schedule of living n UaVVOy UU ICI OULIVILlUC I lUlCU
When parents separate in divorce, it can
be a traumatic time for children. Oregon
State University Extension specialists Sue
Doescher and Jan Hare have prepared an
educational circular that may help increase
the benefits to children and parents alike and
ways to reduce strains following the divorce.
You may get a copy of EC 1443 by calling the
OSUWarm Springs office at 553-3238.
Here are some of the highlights of the
circular that may help you if your family is in
the process of reorganizing family life. Three
key factors appear essential to children's
positive adjustment followine divorce.
1. The parents function effectively. They
keep their day-to-day work and home lives
going. They provide love, nurturance,
consistent discipline, and a predictable
routine.
2. The parents do not engage in a great
deal of conflict. Even the simplest
disagreement between parents can upset the
children.
3. Children are able to maintain a positive
relationship with both parents unless one
parent has problems that endanger the well
being of the child.
Doescher, the OSU Extension Child
Development Specialist and Hare, OSU
Extension Family and Adult Development
Specialist include seven suggestions for two
home parenting. One suggestion is to provide
your children with a safe routine and a close
relationship with you. Children don't want to
feel they are visitors in two households and
don't really belong in either.
Children need consistency so they do not
doubt your trust and love. That means that
arrangements, with the children being
involved in making the schedule.
If possible, both parents should be
responsible forraising the children. Weekend
parenting is lopsided parenting.
Help children stay connected to both
parents despite their living arrangements.
Shared projects are a way to maintain the
relationship when there is a long period of
separation.
A truck driver father could make the effort
to write a card from each state he drives, and
puts special postage stamps that be part of the
message. The scenery of the state on the card
could be another snared experience. The
children could have a map at home that traces
his journeys.
Schools should have access to the
addresses of both parents, so newsletters and
other school information are sent to both
homes.
Give your children you undivided attention
during this time before the arrival of the other
parent. Develop a ritual that keeps everyone
as calm and unstressful as possible before the
departure.
If you think that the other parent is
behaving poorly, you may tend to retaliate to
make it hard for the other parent.
Unfortunately the child will suffer the
consequences. The ideal is for each parent to
act in the best interest of the children.
For a complete copy of Shared Custody:
Increasing Benefits and Reducing Strains,
EC1443 look for the green brochure in the
stand outside the office door on the main
floor of the Education Center, 1110 Wasco
Street.
Cold, winter weather can take toll
on landscape trees, shrubs
by Timothy Wojtusik
Cold and windy winter weather can do
some serious damage to trees and shrubs in
your yard. Plants damaged by strong winds,
cold or snow will only be further damaged if
left unattended so it is best to make repairs as
soon as possible.
Most damage will probably be minor such
as small limbs that crack or break under the
strain of winter's high winds, ice or snow.
Even when minor, the earlier plants are cared
for, the better chance they have of recovering.
When damage does occur, cut broken
twigs and limbs back to the nearest strong,
healthy wood or bud. Removing all broken,
fractured or splintered wood will eliminate
areas where rot or disease could enter the
plant, preventing future problems.
When caring for your ornamental plants
you will have to cut back healthy wood from
time to time. Cuts should be made almost
flush to the nearest side limb when pruning
back healthy wood. Do not leave small stubs.
When the broken limb is attached to the trunk
of the tree, cut the limb back to the branch
collar. That is the slightly swollen area where
a branch joins a trunk.
Tree limbs that are bent but not cracked
might be salvageable, so don't cut them off
right away. Remove the weight of snow or
expendable side limbs from the bent limb
and secure a piece of wood to prop it up. The
limb may straighten out with time.
Major tree limbs and even large tree trunks
can be split and broken in wind and ice
storms. Large cracked and broken limbs
should be sawed back to the trunk or a major
side limb. Cuts should be made as clean as
possible, leaving a smooth, flat surface. This
will help keep rot and disease from entering
the tree through the wound. Painting the
wound is not recommended and may actually
slow the tree's natural healing process.
In years with harsh winters some trees and
shrubs may become damaged beyond repair.
Many folks are very attached to the plants
that surround them but, in some cases the
damaged plant will not be able to recover or
may become a safety hazard. Under these
circumstances removal of the plant is the
best course of action. Young, fast-growing
plants are more likely to recover from winter
storm damage than old orpreviously damaged
trees.
You can give a winter damaged tree or
shrub some help recovering by applying
nitrogen fertilizer when growth resumes in
the spring time. If you would like some
advice on damaged plants stop in to the OSU
Extension office during business hours or
give us a call (553-3238).
VAN POLICIES: IT IS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR ALL THE LEADERS
TO READ AND STUDY THE POLICIES.
Procedures when checking in and
returning 4-H van
1. Make sure that the key is in the book.
2. Make sure that you write the beginning
and ending mileage in the book.
3. Always return the van clean.
4. Always park the van in the back of the
Education Center (old boys dorm)
5. You also have to have proof of insurance.
If there is damage done to a Tribal vehicle
while in use and the damage was caused by
the person using the van, your insurance will
have to cover the damage. Or you could pay
the deductible of $250 for the Tribal insurance
to take care of the damage. This POLICY
WILL BE IN THE VAN CHECKOUT
BOOK. ALL PERSONS USING THE VAN
WILL HAVE TO READ OVER THE
POLICIES AND COMPLY WITH THE
POLICIES.
Drug and Alcohol testing program
Comments: The U.S. Department of
Transportation has enacted new requirements
for the random testing of drivers of trucks,
passenger vans, buses and other large
vehicles. This regulation takes effect on 1-1-95,
and involves the mandatory annual testing
of between 25-50 of drivers. Gallagher
Bassett Services, our wholly owned
subsidiary, is pleased to announce the
formation of a buying group with the
following benefits:
A program of high-quality, low-cost
drug and alcohol testing for employers of
commercial drivers.
Quick turn-around, reliability and
confidentiality
Administrative support, reporting and
record keeping
50 lower than the national average
cost for each test
We also offer comprehensive consulting
services to help clients develop and
implement a drug-free workplace.
To help employers comply with the new
Department of transportation testing
requirements which go into effect on January
1,1995 the District is actively investigating
Breath Alcohol testing services. This service
will be in addition to the Drug testing and
Medical Review Officer services already
provided through the Industrial Medicine
Program.
To arrange for any of the services offered
through the Industrial Medicine program or
to suggest new services, please call Don
Ptacnik at 475-3882 extension 2294.
The drugalcohol free work place letters
was sent to our office because we do have a
4-H tribal van. So this would have to comply
to everybody that drives the 4-h van.
4-H CLUBS.
WELCOME TO THE NEW YEAR OF
1995. It is time to start a New year with new
clubs. We are still seeking new clubs. You
can have you 4-H club any where you want.
If you live in Simnasho, you can have a club
there. You can have any kind of club you
want. We are looking at the future for the
children and youth. So if you are interested,
please feel free and stop by to ask questions.
You can even give Arlene Boileau or Crystal
Winishut a call at 553-32383239. We will
be more than happy to answer your questions
NEW CLUB:
LIVEwire Production group - For PSA
information
Primary Target Age: 12-16 years of age
LIVEwire Productions is being offered to
youth the of 12 to 16 year old.
LIVEwire Productions is for youth who
want to learn how to develop skills to perform
in front of live audiences.
LIVEwire Productions will help youth
develop and eventually demonstrate their
talents to the best of the individuals ability.
It will offer to youth the change to express
themselves through various forms of new
and learned media; using the group to share
positive messages with others; and combining
talents, knowledge and experience into all
areas of the performing arts!
LIVEwire Productions offers youth a
chance to build self-awareness;
understanding of personal growth and
development through active participation;and
create a form of outreach to youth of the
Warm Springs community.
LIVEwire Productions will strive to help
youth develop communication skills; team
building; trust; and caring relationships with
other friends.
If you are a youth 1 2-1 6 years of age, and
are willing to take a risk to becomes actively
involved, learn how to perform, and develop
leadership skills, this 4-H group may be the
one for you.
LIVEwire Productions is new! It will focus
on performing arts, multi-media experience
and Acting!!
Sign-up for this 4-H group will be help on
January 12,1995 at 4:30 p.m. at the Vern
Jackson Home on Campus. For more
information, contact Carol Wewa or Anita
Davis at the Vern Jackson Home. (553-4922).
Beetles can do plenty of damage to wood products
by Norma L. Simpson
Have you seen "Frass" around your house?
That's a pile of fine powder or a mass of
small pellets that are the signs of powderpost
H3 1 V U
beetles. Damage by the powderpost beetles
occurs in a wide variety of wood products,
floors, molding, paneling crates, furniture,
antiques, tool handles and gun stocks.
Figure 1 Anobiid powderpost-beetle
damage
Stockman's Roundup: Thin cows need extra feed
13C
' by Bob Pawelek
Cows cost a lot of money. It's a real shame
to lose a good one to the weather. Stockmen
pay the price, one way cr another, if they
expect the cows "just to get by" or "to make
it up later," through added feed costs or lost
productions.
A dry year depleted range forage and
removed an important feed option for
ranchers. If producers want to salvage their
investment, they need to plan to optimize
alternatives.
Feeding extra feed to maintain growth for
winter is a major way to improve your
investment This is especially true if we see
a more severe winter that requires even
more feed to compensate for the cold.
For mature cows, experience shows
moderate forage depletion during a six week
period while nursing calves can result in
cows losing 65 pounds instead of gaining an
expected 92 pounds.
If the cows were in moderate condition
coming into winter, it may not be serious,
especially if they had some moderately good
feed in November and early December. But,
if winter feed is again limited, there can be
serious consequences.
Researchers are just beginning to
recognize the dramatic effect that cow
condition and nutrition during pregnancy
have later on calf illness and death rates at
birth.
The cow must have adequate nutrients
and be gaining weight during the last 30 to
60 days of pregnancy. If not, producers will
pay for it with weak, sickly or dead calves.
Although a cow can adjust to maintenance
rationing after conception and can endure
some weight loss during mid-gestation, any
weight loss or lack of gain in late pregnancy
often results in calf scours, calf deaths and
breeding reduction for the following year.
The timing of feeding and what to feed is
critical in economical feeding of cows and
for calf survival. I would suggest using most
supplemental feeding during the last 60 days
of a cow'? pregnancy, or delaying calving
until adequate feed is available for this
period.
A minimum of 8 crude protein is needed
to provide at least 1.6 to 2 pounds of crude
protein per day. Only growing heifers need
more than that. That means we don't have to
waste feed by feeding excess protein. If you
are feeding each cow an average of 13 bale
of a 60-70 pound bale of alfalfa, plus about 1
2 bale of grain hay, and enough grass to keep
them full, then you are right on the margin. A
good rule of thumb is this: if the hay is all
cleaned up when you go to feed the next day,
you're not feeding enough.
Of course, you then must keep an eye on
the thermometer. At below 30 degrees
Fahrenheit, a cow begins to need extra energy.
At 10 degrees, she'll need another 5 pounds
of hay or a 10 increase in energy to
compensate for the cold. At 10 below zero,
she needs 10 pounds extra, or a 20 increase
in energy.
Cows can't eat enough of some forages to
satisfy energy needs. They must be
supplemented with better quality forages or
grains to meet those needs. One pound of
grain or other concentrates may be substituted
for about two pounds of hay as one way of
stretching limited hay and forage supplies.
Five pounds of grain is the practical limit for
replacing hay in the daily ration for wintering
a 1100 pound cow. However, feeding six
pounds of grain will save 12 pounds of hay
per head per day. This is a substantial saving
over a full feed of hay at prevailing prices.
The three kinds of beetles attack different
kinds of wood - the Lyctidae, the Anobiidae
and the Bostrichidae.
LYCTIDAE attack only large-pored
xdwoods such as oak, ash,
ckory, myrtle and mahogany,
imboo is also subject to attack
the Lyctids as seen in the
awings below.
Adults lyctids are flattened
inder, dark brown nearly black
Emergence hole etles about 110 to 15 inch
ng. The larvae is yellowish
lite body color and the head is
i to brown. The complete life
cle requires 9 to 12 months
ider favorable conditions it
ay be reduced to 6 or 7 months.
conditions, the life cycle may
be prolonged to 2 to 4 years or longer. It's the
larvae that do the damage as they try to eat
their way out of the crevices and cracks of the
wood. Just below the surface of the wood the
larvae change to adults which chew their way
out through tiny holes about 110 inch in
diameter. That's when you will spot the
"frass" or fine wood dust.
ANOBIDAE powderpost beetles attack
sapwood but rarely heartwood. This beetle
reduces wood to "gritty pellets instead of a
fine powder. Anobiidae adults have
Wood dust
Adult lyctidand larva
cylindrical bodies that are generally
reddish-brown to nearly black, with their
heads bent down so you don't see the eyes.
The larvae are nearly whit except for a
darkened head capsule like the drawings
below:
The life cycle of the anobiids may require
2 to 3 years for completion, depending on the
prevailing temperature and condition of the
Top: Adult Anobiid and larva
Bottom Adult Bostrichidae and larva
wood. This beetle is most abundant along the
coast where it commonly attacks unpainted
Douglas-fir timber.
BOSTRICHIDAE are most abundant in
the tropics but some species do attack wood
in the Pacific Northwest. The feed on the
sapwood of hardwoods and others attack
conifers. Their reddish-brown to black color
is similar to other powderpost beetles, but
the bostrichidae beetle's head projects
downward and the eyes are not visible from
above.
The bostrichaidae beetles do not leave
dust or pellets, but rather are tightly packed
in the galleries and egg tunnels. They
generally are not a problem in the Pacific
Northwest except in hardwoods shipped from
more susceptible parts of the country or from
overseas.
If you see piles of dust around some of
your furniture or buildings, you probably
should get acopy "Prevention and Controlling
Powderpost Beetles in and around the home"
the free brochure at OSUWarm Springs
Extension office in the Education Center. It
contains instruction for Prevention and
Control of infestations of these three beetles.
This Pacific Northwest publication 326 was
revised late in 1994.
i