Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
July 8, 1994 PAGE 7
Control the elm leaf beetle before they kill shade trees
Do you have elm trees in your yard? Late
spring and early summer is time to be on the
look out for the elm leaf beetle. Introduced
into the eastern UnitedStates early in the 1 9th
century, the elm leaf beetle now occurs
everywhere elm trees are grown. All elm
species are attacked, as are Japanese zelkova.
It is the elm leaf beetle larvae, feeding on
the leaves that do the damage, explains Jack
DeAangelis, entomology specialist with the
Oregon State University (OSU) Extension
Service.
As the yellowish-green larvae feed, they
remove leaf tissue between the veins. Badly
damaged leaves are skeletonized, larvae
eating all the tender green tissue and leaving
only the harder lignificd support structures of
the leaf. Infested leaves turn brown and drop
prematurely. Defoliated limbs may put out a
second flush of growth, but these too may be
eaten.
If a tree loses most of its leaves year after
year it will eventually die, said DcAngelis.
As a general rule-of-thumb, a deciduous
tree can sustain defoliation for about three
years in a row, if no other stress factors are
affecting it. Beyond this point the tree will
begin to die.
The adult beetle is about one-quarter inch
long, greenish-yellow with lateral black strips
down the back. Adults emerge twice each
year (two generations), once in early summer
or late spring and again in late summer to
Celebrate "Around the
by Norma L. Simpson
Keep in mind, that Warm Springs children
and their parents have a treat in store during
July 20-21. Carol Allison of the Community
Be sure you understand commitment
What would you do if a friend or relative
asked you to cosign a loan? Before you give
your answer, make sure you understand what
cosigning involves. Under a recent Federal
Trade Commission rule, creditors are required
to five you a notice to help explain your
obligations. To cosigner's notice says:
You are being asked to guarantee this
debt. Think carefully before you do. If the
borrower doesn't pay the debt, youwill have
to. Be sure you can afford to pay if you have
to, and that you want to accept this
responsibility.
You may have to pay up to the full amount
of the debt if the borrower does not pay. You
may also have to pay late fees or collection
costs, which increase this amount.
The creditor can collect this debt from you
without first trying to collect from the
borrower. The creditor can use the same
collection methods against you that can be
used against the borrower, such as suing you,
garnishing your wages, etc. If this debt is
ever in default, that fact may become a aprt of
your credit record.
This notice is no the contract that makes
you liable for the debt
Some studies of certains types of lenders
hwo that for cosigned loans that go into
default, as many as three out of four cosigners
Stockman's Roundup: Hantavirus and
Bob Pawelek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
Hantavirus (Muerto Canyon virus) and
Deer Mice
In the western United tttes there is a
continuing high level of interest concerning
the usually lethal disease now known as
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The
disease is caused by one of the hantaviruses
presently called Muerto Canyon virus. This
brief outline will answer most of your
questions. It will also inform you of how
Nevada ranching families, ranch employees,
and rural residents can reduce their exposure
to Muerto Canyon virus.
I. What is known about the virus and the
disease.
A. There is at least 5 distinct viruses in the
Hantavirus group. The severity of the disease
caused by each virus in the group varies. B.
Hantaviruses have been around for centuries.
US military personnel were diagnosed with
a disease caused by Hantavirus during the
Korean war. C. Rodents are the main
reservoir of infection. 1) In the western U.S.
the virus principally carried by a common
rodent, the deer mouse. 2) Other rodent spec ies
may carry the virus to a ksser extent. D. The
early fall. Exact timing depends on local
conditions.
Adult beetles lay bright yellow eggs in
clumps on the underside of host leaves. Grub
like larvae are greenish-yellow with black
lateral strips, much like the adults.
Elm leaf beetle adults spend the winter
months in protected places. They may enter
structures in the fall much like boxeldcr bugs
do. In the spring, adults fly to elm trees and
lay eggs for the first generation. These eggs
hatch and the larvae feed as described above.
When the larvae reach full size they migrate
to the lower parts of the tree, or to the ground
below the tree, to pupate.
Transformation to the adult takes on to
two weeks. The emerging adults fly back tot
he trees to lay the second generation eggs.
Most of the time elm leaf beetles are held
in check by natural wasp parasites that live
in the area. These tiny wasps sting eggs, or
pupae, lay their own eggs inside the elm leaf
beetle where they develop into fully formed,
adult wasps. Overall, wasp parasites are the
most effective of the natural control, agents.
Despite the best efforts of the wasps, elm
leaf beetles occasionally get out of hand and
threaten a cherished tree, said DeAngelis.
"In these cases you may need chemical
control that involves spraying the leaves
with and insecticide to kill feeding larvae,"he
said. "There are not systemic insecticides for
this pest. The biggest obstacle to successful
World" week this month
Center has made big plans for learning about
many of the countries of the world. It will be
filled with arts and crafts in the morning and
then a number of us will share the toys of
experiences living with different cultures.
On Wednesday, July 20, at 2:30 p.m. in
Carol's room, the children will perform a
skit based on children's stories from around
the world. Then I give them A SHOW &
TELL of things from different countries,
baskets and cooking equipment, toys and
oars, spears and bows.
Then on Thursday, July 21 at 2 p.m. the
Community Center staff will model
traditional clothing from many countries.
We will also have a display for drums and
other musical instruments from four or five
countries.
Come and join the children to appreciate
the life and tools of peoples from Around the
World.
are asked to repay the loan. That statistic
should not surprise you. When you are asked
to cosign, you are being asked to take a risk
that a profesional lender will not take. The
lender would not require a cosigner if the
borrower met the lende4 's criteria for making
' a loan. " " " " " "
In most states, if you do cosign and your
friend or relative misses a payment, the lender
can collect from you immediately without
pursuing the borrower first. And the amount
you owe may be increased-by late charges or
by attorneys' fees-if the lender decides to
sue to collect. If the lender wind the case, he
or she may be able to take your wages and
property.
Despite the risks, there may be times
whne you decide to cosign. Perhaps your
son or daughter needs a first loan, or a close
friend needs help. Here are a few things to
consider before you cosign.
Be sure you can afford to pay the loan. If
you are asked to pay and cannot, you could
be sued or your credit rating could be
damaged.
Before you cosign a loan, consider that
even if you are not asked to repay the debt,
your liability for this loan may kep you from
getting other credit you may want.
Before youpledge property, such as your
source of the virus is the carcasses, feces,
and urine of deer mice. E. Transmission is
thought to be airborne by inhalation of virus
particles and through direct contact with
infected material. Human infection with
related hantaviruses, as a result of a rodent
bite, has been reported in other parts of the
world. F. Human to human transmission is
not thought to occur. G. Cats and dogs are
not known to be reservoir hosts of the virus.
However, they may bring infected rodents
into contact with human. H. The incubation
period varies but is thought to be 2 to 4
weeks. I. Symptoms begin with flu-like signs
and progress rapidly to acute respiratory
distress. J. Once symptoms develop there is
a good chance the patient will die from the
disease. K. There is no vaccine to prevent the
disease. L. Cases of the disease have been
associated with the following situations. 1)
Cleaning barns and outbuildings. 2)
Disturbing rodent infected areas while hiking
or camping. 3) Inhabiting a building with
indoor rodent populations. 4) Planting or
harvesting field crops. 5) Occupying
previously vacant cabins or other dwellings.
II. Characteristics of the deer mouse.
A. Primarily a seed eater. Also eat fruit,
insects and green vegetation. B. Deer mice
are active mostly at night C. Nest consists of
Deer mice have white btUj extending to tip
of tail, legs and feet hairy.
control is reaching the leaves in tall trees
with whatever you decide to spray. It usually
makes sense to hire a tree care company to
treat tall trees."
One of the least toxic, and most effective,
new insecticides for elm leaf beetle is a
bacteria called "Bacillus thurigiensis,"
variety San Diego, sometimes called "BT
San Diego" for short, he said. The product
name for this BT is "M-ONE."
"Unfortunately, M-ONE is not available
in small, homeowner-sized packaging," said
De Angclis. "You probably can locate a tree
service company that will treat the trees with
VT for you. Be sure to use the "variety San
Diego" of VT because there are other BTs
intended for other uses."
Other chemical control options are the
insecticides Orthcne (Chinese or Siberian
elm only), Dursban, Imidan, Mavrik, Talstar
and Tempo. Check with your local county
office of the OSU Extension Service for
detailed information.
"Whatever you decide to do remember
that there are two generations of elm leaf
beetle each year, so in all likelihood you'll
need to treat twice," advised DcAngclis.
"And treat them only when larvae are actually
found significantly defoliating your elm
trees."
Fathers becoming more active in
American fathers are taking a more active
role in child rearing today than they did
several decades ago, according to Sue
Doescher, Oregon State University (OSU)
Extension child development specialist.
There has Been a sharp increase in the
numbers of fathers who are present during
labor and delivery. In 1960, about half of the
fathers in families with one or two children
never got up at night to attend to the baby,
whereas today, almost 90 percent of a
comparable sample report participate in this
way.
While the fathers of today are more
involved in child rearing than their fathers
were, participation in routine caregiving, like
feeding or changing diapers, is less marked,
notes Doescher. Fathers spend time playing
with children. Time use studies indicate that
while less than a tenth of mother's child care
is play, half of fathers' child care time is in
play.
Most couples are not dissatisfied with this
seemingly unequal distribution of child care
before cosigning a
automobile or furniture, to secure the loan,
make sure you understand the consequences.
If the borrower defaults, you could lose these
possessions.
You may want to ask the lender to calculate
the specific amount of money you might
owe. The lender does hot have to do this,
but some will if asked. You also may be able
to negotiate the specific terms of your
obligation. For example, you might want to
have your liability limited to paying the
principal balance on the loan, but not late
charges, court costs, or attorney's fees. In
this case, ask the lender to include a statement
in the contract like this: "The cosigner will be
responsible only for the principal balance on
this loan at the time of default."
You may want to ask the lender to agree in
Harvest early potatoes when blossoms show
There's nothing more heavenly than a plateful of young, succulent, freshly dug early potatoes. If
you planted potatoes in March or April, you are in luck-it's almost time to dig for the baby tubers.
Watch for blossoms to appear on your potato plants, then dig out small potatoes from a plant or
two at a time, as your appetite demands, recommends RayMcNeilan, Oregon State University (OSU)
Extension home gardening agent. A few (two or three) tubers from each hill will not appreciably
decrease your eventual harvest.
As vines mature further, they will die back, and mature potatoes can then be dug .To five potatoes
a tough skin that stores well, allow the soil to dry out completely before harvest. If rain keeps the
ground wet, cut the vines off when they begin to die down.
A second crop of potatoes can be planted in June and harvested in the fall in the warmer areas
of the state including western Oregon and the warmer areas of southern Oregon.
Deer Mice
twigs, grass roots, and fibrous material found
in underground cavities, hollow logs,
unoccupied buildings, hay stacks, wood piles,
abandoned or infrequently used vehicles,
and electrical switch boxes.
III. How to reduce exposure to Hantavirus.
A. Avoid rodent burrows, do not disrupt
soil around these areas. B. Exclude rodents
from your home. Seal all openings' 14" or
larger. C. Air out closed buildings that may
have rodents for at least 30 minutes before
entering. D. Avoid sweeping or vacuuming
rodent fecal material. Wet the fecal material
with a fresh bleach or Lysol solution (3
tablespoons to a gallon of water). Wipe up
the damp material and dispose of it in a
plastic bag. Burn or bury the bag. Always
wear rubber gloves and a NIOSH approved
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEP A)
respirator. E. Clean counter tops, floors,
cupboards, etc., contaminated by rodents with
a fresh bleach or Lysol solution. F. Steam '
clean contaminated carpets with a Lysol
solution rather than sweeping or vacuuming.
G. Trap deer mice with a snap trap baited
with chunky style peanut butter. Wear rubber
gloves and a HEPA model mask when
handling dead mice. H. Wet down the rodent
with a disinfectant solution before removing
it from the trap. Dispose of the rodent by the
inverted plastic bag method. Disinfect trap
after use by submerging in a fresh bleach or
Lysol solution. I. Wash the gloves with a
disinfectant solution while still wearing them.
Discard the gloves and wash hands and arms
with a disinfectant soap. J. Keep food in
mouse-proof containers and maintain good
sanitary practices. K. Ranchers may need to
institute a rodent control program around
bams, grain bins, and shops.
Summary: Hantavirus (Muerto Canyon
virus) has been identified in Nevada. The
virus is carried by rodent, primarily the deer
mouse. The disease is usually fatal. Ranchers
should understand how to reduce the Muerto
Canyon virus exposure risk factors. If rural
residents develop flu symptoms, especially
if they have had significant exposure to similar
OWAMVTAK UMVtMVTV
EXTENSION
service
OSU Extension Staff:
4-H & Youth
Arlene Boileau
Bob Pawelek
Norma Simpson
Carol Stevens
Crystal Winlshut
Tim Wojtuslk
Clint Jacks
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home
Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension
Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of
Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all
people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
responsibilities. Mothers often have a
psychological investment in their roles as
caregivers, and feel threatened when fathers
invade their domain. And fathers may
distance themselves from the less appealing
child care tasks by concluding they are "just
not as good at changing diapers as their
spouses."
Recent research evidence points to the
distinctive roles mothers and fathers play in
child rearing. In most families, mothers hold
the major responsibility for child rearing and
adopt a didactic role with their children.
They set boundaries, limiting children's
access to household objects and space.
Mothers manage their children's activities,
make appointments, and supervise play with
friends. Even when mothers are employed
outside the home, they still spend more time
helping their children with schoolwork or
arts and crafts projects than fathers.
What are fathers doing? Today, fathers
are more likely to act as a friend and partner
in the child's play, often engaging in
loan
writing, to notify you if the borrower misses
a payment. In this way, you will have time to
deal with the problem or make back payments
without having to repay the whole amount
immediately.
Make sure you get copies of all important
papers, such as the loan contract, the Truth-in-Lending
Disclosure Statement, and any
warranties if you are cosigning for a purchase.
You may need these if there is a dispute
between the borrower and the seller. Because
the lender is not required to give you these
papers, you may have to get copies from the
borrower.
Check your state law. Some states have
laws giving you additional rights as a
cosigner.
risk factors, they should contact a doctor
immediately. Inform the physician that they
mflv have encountered risk factors sueeestive
j oc?
of exposure to Muerto Canyon virus.all
your county extension office or county
health nurse for a detailed discussion of
risk reduction.
NIOAH Approved HEPA Respirators
The most stringent air purifying particulate
respirator approval designation available
from the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH). Product
manufacture's package labels should
designate the respirator as a High Efficiency
particulate Air or HEPA respirator and list a
NIOSH approval number. The Center for
Disease Control (CDC has designated a
HEPA particulate respirator as the minimum
acceptable level of protection suitable for
use against the Hantavirus (Muerto Canyon
Virus). HEPA respirators are available in: 1)
k Single and multiple use disposable mask
" models from a limited number of
manufactures, 2) half mask or full face
cartridge models with replaceable HEPA
filter cartridges, and 3) Powered Air Purifying
Respirators (PAPR), also with replaceable
HEPA filter cartridges. HEPA respirators
can be purchased from occupational safety
and health equipment and supply vendors.
Individuals using air purifying respirators
should always perform a "fit check" with
each use of the respirator. A "fit check"
assures the user that the mask is properly in
place on the wearer's face and will provide
the desired level of protection. A "fit check"
is accomplished by applying either positive
pressure )gently exhaling) or negative
Publications available
The OSUWirm Springs Extension Service
still has copies of the Blue Kile -covered Spring
1994 ctttlog available. And this week the first
copy of the Yellow Sun-covered Summer Catalog
arrived from the Consumer Information Center in
Pueblo, Colorado.
Many times you will find copies of booklets
referred to on this page, because the information
is useful and often free. Occasionally I w ill order
Information provided by;
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
Livestock
Home Economics
4-H
4-H Assistant
Agriculture
Staff Chair, Madras
child rearing
physicsal and rough-and-tumble activities.
Doescher points out that this latter type of
play is equally important to children's
development as it helps them learn how to
regulate their emotions in social interaction
with others.
Try cutting back on
caffeine intake
Caffeine as a cause for symptoms of low
blood sugar has always been controversial
and inconclusive. The MayoGinic newsletter
has followed up the topic of Caffeine Research
a number of times. While it docs answer
some of the questions about caffeine, it also
gives us some things that we can do to be
more responsible for the way we use caffeine.
People commonly blame low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia) between meals for a cluster
of complaints light-headedness, cold sweats,
shakincss, headache and irritability.
But true hypoglycemia, in which blood
sugar levels approach 40 milligrams per
deciliter (mgdl), typically occurs only in
people with diabetes or pancreatic disease.
Why, then, do some healthy people have
similar, yet less severe, symptoms after
eating-despite blood sugar levels that remain
within the normal range (60 to 1 10 mgdl)?
A study in the October 15, 1993 Annals of
Internal Medicine suggests caffeine may be
involved. Eight people consumed caffeine in
an amount equal to two to three cups of drip
brewed coffee (400 milligrams). They then
described "feeling hypoglycemic" at low,
but still normal, blood sugar levels about an
hour later.
Caffeine may increase your brain's need
for sugar (glucose). Caffeine also decreases
the sugar available to your brain by reducing
blood flow. Your brain, in tum, interprets the
"demand" as an abnormal drop in blood
sugar level and triggers symptoms.
More research is needed. But if you feel
"hypoglycemic" after drinking lots of coffee
or cola, try cutting back.
Remember to sign up for
August 10-14, 1994
4-H Wilderness
Enrichment Camp
before July 15
pressure (attempting to inhale) into the mask
after blocking either the exhalation valve (if
one exists) or the filter surface and checking
for leaks by feeling the air movement on the
skin's surface beneath the mask's sealing
surfaces. The use of negative pressure should
cause the mask to seal to the wearer's face
and remain so until pressure is released.
Should the mask release from the wearer's
face before, the fit is not satisfactory.
Adjustments should be made to the tension
straps, or a different sized mask should be
tried to obtain a proper fit Masks not capable
of being "fit checked" should be "fit tested"
before each use. A "fit test" involves a much
more detailed procedure. Currently only one
manufacturer is known to produce a
disposable HEPA respirator that can be "fit
checked" by it's users. It requires the one
time purchase of an accessory cup that
effectively covers the filter surface when
performing a negative pressure "fit check".
Caution: The use of negative pressure air
purifying respiratory protective equipment
can aggravate certain medical conditions
(high blood pressure, asthma, some heart
conditions, etc.) due to the increased breathing
workload required from their use. Consult
your physician before using such equipment
for more than short periods of time or for
performing strenuous work.
If you have any questions about respirator
selection or use contact your nearest state or
federal Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) office, your State
Industrial Insurance System (S IIS) Loss
Control representative or a qualified
Industrial Hygicnist or Safety Professional.
at Extension office
these when I hear people express interest in
publications about new and used cars, or about
businesses.
If you are interested in starting a new business.
The Small Business Handbook: Laws, Regulations
and Technical Assistance Service could provide
tots of information to you. And this is a free 90
page publication. The contents coven every
requirement applicable to most employer.