SpilyayTymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
June 10, 1994 PAGE 9
Control ofaphids can be done
Controlling Aphids
There seems to be an aphid for every type
of house and garden plant. More than 4,000
species of these tiny insects have been
described by scientists, and there are probably
plenty more yet undiscovered.
Aphids are tiny, soft bodied, plant sucking
insects. They can be just about any color.
Most are "naked", without a hard exoskclcton,
but some species have a soft, cottony
substance over their bodies. Some have wings
and some do not Aphids are about one-tenth
to one inch long and have long, needle-like
mouth parts which are adapted to pierce and
suck out plant juices. Most aphids secrete
honeydew, a sweet, sticky substance which is
a food source for ants, bees and flics. Some
kinds of aphids may spread plant viruses
from one host to another. Dripping honeydew
also encouraged sooty mold growth on many
plants.
There are a number of strategics to keep
aphid damage at a minimum without resorting
to toxic chemicals. Because there are so many
kinds ofaphids with varying life cycles, aphid
control strategics recommended by Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
and Washington Toxic Coalition include:
OSU to present money
by Norma Simpson
During last years' evaluation of the
Summer Youth Program, the youngsters asked
for more help in managing their money. When
Annie Kalama of the Employment Training
Department learned about the money
management programs that we had completed
with adults, she asked me to plan two programs
COCAAN offers help
By Norma L. Simpson
Twenty Central Oregon program planners
met in Prineville in April to learn about the
latest COCAAN connections aimed at low
income families. Sandie Schultz, director of
the program is interested in working with
families in Warm Springs. The program will
emphasize "No Cost Conservation Practices"
and "Low Cost Measures."
We'll be holding some group meetings in
all parts of the reservation as well as
individual home visit to see ways to reduce
the costs of heating, cooking and cooling
our homes.
If you would like some assistance, please
call OSU Extension, 553-3238, and we will
make a list of the people who want to reduce
their electric and gas bills.
Stockman's Roundup:
Bob Pawelek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
Stockman's Roundup: Deworming Cattle
Pays
Bringing the cows in to the corral to
separate and work calves is a great time to
deworm the entire herd. A good stockman
will give the cows a booster vaccination
anyway, so while the cow is in the chute, why
not treat her for worms too?
The reason we deworm is simple. Intestinal
worms are parasites; and a lactating cow has
enough to do without pesky worm competing
with her for nutrition.
There is another reason a good stockman
treats his herd for worms-weight gains and
profit For stocker calves, deworming can
enhance gains as much as a third of a pound
per day. For herd bulls, it helps keep them
4-H
It does a body
good!
A3 M
1. Using smart landscape design. Do
not have aphid-attracting plants where
aphids or their honeydew will do harm. For
example, birches are notorious aphid
attractors. Don't plant birches near
driveways or decks, or your vehicles and
decks will be sticky with honeydew.
2. Keeping plants healthy. Plants with
adequate supplies of nutrients, water and
light can fend off aphids more easily than
sickly or stressed plants. Avoid over
fertilizing. Succulent new growth attracts
aphids. The use of slow release or organic
fertilizers help avoid an overdose of
nutrients to the plants.
3. Physically removing aphids from the
plants they feed on. A periodic strong
spray of water with the garden hose can
work wonders with aphids on rose shoots
and buds, bean plants, young broccoli and
cabbage shoots and other tender garden
foliage. Cut off particularly infested plant
parts. Also, aphid traps, sold in garden
stores, trap the liny critters in a non-toxic
sticky substance. Quarantine aphid
infected house plants.
4. Introducing or encouraging natural
management to youth
that would fit the needs of Warm Springs
youth. The first program will be Tuesday,
July 5 from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and the second
program will be held Monday, July ' 1 from
8 a.m. to 12 noon at the green house on the
corner of Warm Springs and Paiute Streets.
Part of the program will include having
two or four of the young people work with
me in preparation of the teaching materials.
Usually the Extension workers go with the
materials prepared for the groups to use. this
time, the tasks of getting ready for a workshop
will be part of their training, photocopying
handouts, making new instructions for the
bean games, making sets of games, and
making educational packets for the Money
Mangement workshops for Summer Youth.
The Clover Speaks
4-H Record Book
All 4-H members planning to participate
in the 1994 Jefferson County Fair must have
their 4-H leader turn in their 4-H Record
Book. Your record book needs to contain:
permanent record, project or animal science
record, feed & growth record advancement
records when appropriate and your 4-H notes.
You may turn your books into the OSU
Extension Office located at 1110 Wasco
Street. Thank you.
4-H Camps 1994
A description of 4-H camp is getting
young people together for three to five days
of 4-H resident camping while providing a
unique experience for youth and adults.
Camping programs may assist in the growth
of individuals and in the development of
philosophies, attitudes,skills and values.
The use of recreation, the outdoor
environment, being away from home and the
support and enthusiasm of staff, all contribute
to a child's growth experience. Much of 4-H
camping success lies in the fact that although
it's objectives are EDUCATIONAL, they
are achieved through a recreation and leisure
program.
Youth bring enthusiasm for learning and
a desire for fun and adventure to the camping
experience. Skilled leaders provide guidance
and counsel during these formative years.
Add skilled leaders, enthusiastic campers,
great meals and the wonderful outdoors and
you have provided a great opportunity in
learning to get along with others, respect for
our natural resources, self valueandasummer
with terrific memories.
Sometimes people get confused about the
camps we offer in Warm Springs, so we
wanted to let everyone know about both
camps to help end any confusion.
Camp 4-H A-Soar-Us
This year's 4-H Tri-County Camp is full,
Deworming cattle pays-
healthy so they can do their jobs. For cows,
it frees up the digestive system and helps
them wean heavier calves. They can breed
back faster than non-treated animals.
These are all good reasons why we should
spend the extra cash for a good anthelmentic
dewormer.
Management of pastures is another aspect
of deworming. Depending on weather and
Dewormers for Cattle:
Generic Name Brand Names Route Comments
hiabendazole TBZ B, D,F, P Parasite resistance is a
problem
evamisole Tramisol B.D.I.S
Ripercol
Levasol
Totalon
vermectin Ivomec I,Pour-on Very effective against
roundworm larval and
encysted stages and
external parasites.
norantel Rumatel
Nematael B.F
"enbendazole Panacur Effcctivcagainsttapeworm.
Safe-Guard DJP,Salt Some effect on
encysted roundworm
larvae.
ilbendazole Valbazen D Effective against
roundworm, liver
fluke and tapeworms.
'Route administration: B-bolIet, D -drench, F-feed, I -injectable, P-paste, S-skin, Salt
;alt block.
naturally
aphid predators. Avoid the use of broad
spectrum pesticides which kill aphid
predators such as ladybugs and green
iacewings. Do not purchase adult ladybird
beetles because they will disperse when
released. A better predator to purchase is the
green lacewing, available for sale as eggs or
larvae. Good plants to grow to attract and
foster natural predators include: yarrow, wild
buckwheat, white sweet clover, sweet fennel,
sweet alyssum, spearmint, Queen Ann's lace,
hairy vetch, flowering buckwheat, crimson
clover, cowpcas, common Knotwccd and
caraway.
If the above strategics just don't seem to
do the trick, you might want to try the least
toxic method of chemical control of aph ids
Commercial insccticidal soaps. These soaps,
available at most lawn and garden stores,
eliminate only the insects that come in contact
with the soap.
Using insccticidal soap on aphids allows
predator insects, with harder bodies to survive
and naturally control aphids. Commercial
formulations of these soaps have been
extensively tested on plants so they are safer
than homemade solutions.
Dry mQuth js mQre
by Norma L. Simpson
If you are one of the pill poppers, you
might have noticed that some of those pills
really make you thirsty. There are over 4C0
medications that list dry mouth, as a side
effect.
The main medications are for blood
pressure, depression, painkillers,
tranquilizers, diuretics and even over-the-counter
antihistamines can cause a decrease
in saliva.
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can
also cause changes in saliva composition and
output, resulting in dry mouth.
Although there is no single way to treat
dry mouth, the National Institutes for Dental
Research recommends the following steps to
sorry if you are too late for this year!
Remember, camp fills on a first come, first
serve basis. Next year be the first to register!
There are three Extension offices that are
involved with the planning and running of
the 4-H Tri-County Camp held in June. The
Warm Springs Extension office works with
Jefferson, Crook and Deschutes Counties
Extension offices developing a new theme
every year! This year's theme is dinosaurs.
Directing this year's camp is Arlene Boileau.
Camp 4-H A-Soar-Us will be located at
Crystal Springs in the Ochoco Mountains
east of Prineville June 19-23. This is an
annual camp usually taking place the third
week in June. If camp was full this year, keep
in mind for next year and be sure to contact
your local Extension office. Ask for 4-H Tri-
Using commodity
by Norma L. Simpson
Aroma of tamale pie and lima bean soup
filled the air on April 29 at the Commodity
Food Center. June 9th, we will have a repeat
performance at the Senior Center just before
the Thursday luncheon.
Recipients and many others who came to
the building in April nibbled and munched
the delicious foods made from the beans.
Bean dip and chips, a cup of soup and a
sample of tamale pie topped off with Fiesta
Cake. One young lad watched with great
interest and I'll bet that he's figured out a
way to make Tamale Pie by himself.
The secret of using the vegetarian beans is
to drain off the sauce that it comes in. You
wash the beans with cold water to remove all
the sauce. Then you can give the beans any
flavor you want.
Stove-Top Tamale Pie
Makes 5 servings, 1 13 cups each.
1 can vegetarian beans
climate, pastures grazed in spring and then
again in the fall will have less risk of heavy
infestation of parasites than pastures grazed
throughout the summer. Where possible,
allow cattle to graze the pasture for only one
period during the year. When deworming
with anthelmentics, move cattle to a clean
pasture right after treatment This is important
to avoid reinfestation.
I T Information provided by:
j& aannmn uMvwwrv OSU Extension
jJS. CTCNSION at Warm Springs
V SGRVICG mo Wasco Street
NXVP 553-3238.
OSU Extension Staff:
Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
Carol Stevens 4-H
Crystal Winishut 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtusik Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based Information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home
Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension
Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of
Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all
people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
common among
relive the sense of dryness:
1. Take frequent sips of water or drinks
without sugar. Avoid caffeine-containing
beverages like coffee, tea and soft drinks.
2. Drink frequently while eating. This
will make chewing and swallowing easier
and may increase the taste of food.
3. Keep a glass of water by your bed for
dryness during the night or upon waking. It's
better to use a dark colored glass or plastic
cup so that you can see it without your
eyeglasses. Some containers come with a
coaster or cap to keep dust out of the water.
4. Chew sugarless gum. Chewing may
produce more saliva, but gum chewing can
also make the stomach think that food is on
the way down the gullet If you have problems
County registration information. For all you
campers who will be joining us this year, we
are glad to have you and look forwards to one
of the best camps ever!
Camp 4-H Wilderness
This year's 4-H Wilderness Camp theme
will be "Honoring our Reservation". Campers
will learn all about their reservations History
and Cultural Traditions.
4-H Wilderness Camp is held at Trout
Lake which is located 20 miles northwest of
Warm Springs. This camp offers a Day Camp
on the 8th & 9th of August with the overnight
campers arriving on August 10th and
returning home August 14th. On the last day
of camp we hold a family dinner. After dinner,
parents take their happy camperhome. Arlene
Boileau directs this camp which is held
foods simple, delicious
1 can whole kernel corn
14 cup green pepper, chopped
14 cup onion, chopped
1 12 teaspoon oil
1 can tomatoes with juice
1 tablespoon chili powder
13 cup cornmeal
34 cup water
12 cup cheese, grated
(If the skillet or frying pan are very large,
you will need to double the commeal, water
and cheese to the following to cover the top.
That is 23 cup cornmeal, 1 12 cup water
and 1 cup grated cheese.)
1 . Drain vegetarian beans and corn. Rinse
with water.
2. Cook green pepper and onion in oil in
a large skillet until soft.
3. Mash tomatoes with a fork. Add
tomatoes and their juice, vegetarian beans,
corn and chili powder to the skillet.
4. Cover and cook over low heat until
flavors arc blended, about 10 minutes.
While the bean mixture is heating:
1. Place cornmeal and water in a small
Remember to drink
by Norma L. Simpson
It was very hot when I got in the car after
lunch. I went to reach for a cool drink when
I remembered how important it is to drink
plenty of water during the hot summer
months.
Actually it is important to drink six to ten
glasses of water every day. Normally our
daily intake of water balances the 2 to 3
quarts of water we lose each day through
Know safe meat
handling
Some common sense rem inders about how
we should be caring for the beef we cook:
1 . Keep all meat refrigerated until ready to
use.
2. Raw meat and poultry should be thawed
in the refrigerator, or, if using a microwave,
on the lowest setting immediately before
cooking.
3. Keep meat separate from other foods
and working surfaces.
4. Utensils and hands should be washed
after touching raw meat
5. Cook ground beef and poultry
thoroughly; juices should run clear.
6. Refrigerated leftovers immediately.
7. Keep kitchen area clean and disinfected.
(You know the little indestructible black
box that is used on planes, why can't they
make the whole plane out of the same stuff?)
0der aduts
with ulcers, you could be adding another
problem that you can do without.
5. Eat sugarless mints or hard sugarless
candies,but let them dissolve in your mouth.
Cinnanpn and mint are often the most
effective.
6. Avoid tobacco and alcohol.
7. Avoid spicy, salty and highly acidic
foods that may irritate your mouth.
. Well, after all those things to avoid, life
might not be so rosy. Remember when older
people do experience dry mouth, it is because
they suffer from diseases that cause the
conditions or take medications and treatments
that produce dry mouth as a side effect
annually during the second week of August.
Stop by and pick up a 4-H Wilderness
Camp registration form and be sure to return
it quickly because this camp fills on a first
come, first serve basis too.
4-H Leaders Needed
The 4-H program is always on the look
out for community members willing to lead
a ProjectClub. This summer would be a
great time to start a project of any kind. 4-H
is a good way to bring families together or
community members who would like to spend
time working with youth. Stop by the Oregon
State University Extension office located at
1110 Wasco St. and check out the 4-H project
materials.
saucepan.
2. Cook over medium heat Stir while
cornmeal gets thick.
3. Mix cheese with the cornmeal.
4. Spread cornmeal and cheese mixture
over bean mixture to form a crust.
5. Sprinkle more chili powder over crust,
if desired.
6. Cook over low heat without a lid until
crust is set, about 5 to 7 minutes.
Nutrition information for each 1 13-cup
serving: Calories 220; Carbohydrates 37
grams; Protein 9 grams; Fat 6 grams; Sodium
762 milligrams.
If you cook the tamale pie at too high a
temperature in step six, the sauce bubbles up
and splatters the kitchen. If you cook it at the
low temperature, the sauce will bubble along
the edge and make a decorative feast.
At the Senior Center we will also
experiment with several Pumpkin recipes
provided by the Multnomah County
Extension home economists who work with
the commodity food recipients.
plenty of water
elimination, perspiration and evaporation
from the lungs.
Most of the time, thirst is an adequate
guide for the need for water, but not always.
There are times when you may not feel thirsty
but need to drink more water. For example:
when you perspire heavily, when you are
sick and have a fever, when you sit in the sun;
when you are taking diuretics and when you
consume alcoholic beverages.
Think ahead when you are planning a trip
in your rig. Carry a 32-ounce plastic squeeze
bottle of water with you when you leave
home. Refill once to achieve the goal of 8
ounce glasses of water. To make the water
more appealing, add a squirt of lemon or
another favorite juice.
The Nutrition Notions information for
Senior Citizens has more information about
the water as a nutrient If you would like a
copy, call the office and ask for Norma
Simpson.
You know the little
indestructible black box
that is used on planes;
why cant they make the
whole plane out of the
same stuff?!
i