Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
January 21, 1994 PAGE 7
Publisher offers collection of books about traditional food
As I mentioned in the last Spilyay,
I'll be sharing information from the
collection of books that I have in the
office about traditional cooking, "The
American Indian Cooking, Herb
Lore" book published by the Chero
kee Publication included an interest
ing Legend of the "Sun Fluid"
"Tso-chi." When I checked with
people in the Culture and Heritage
Department, we could not find any
similar legends here at Warm Springs.
But it ties in closely to the food
supply that many use today on the
reservation.
Corn syrup is one ingredient used
to keep candy and frosting from be
ing grainy. Corn sugar is also one of
thecommodity items that can be used
to sweeten cereal, tea, cakes, pies,
cookies and of course candy.
While many people believe that
corn syrup is a modern invention, it
is interesting so see that "Sun Fluid"
has been used for centuries by Native
America cultures wherever corn was
grown. It was not a tradition, how
ever, in this area. Honey was plenti
ful to add to the which was collected
by tribes along the river banks. Ver
bena Greene told me that the milder
form of mint is used for tea and the
stronger mint is used for medicines.
We'll look into traditional use of
mint in a later article.
For now let us read the "Legend of
the Sun Fluid"
A Gift from Heaven
Legend of the
"Sun-Fluid'' 'Tso-Ci"
An old Indian woman of ancient
times was said to have cut a rent in
the sky through which poured the
most delicious and satisfying liquid.
The sun then explained to the woman
how to prepare and use the liquid. It
thus became know as Tso-Ci, mean
ing "sun-fluid."
The basis for the liquid was corn,
and its use in many forms was found
among a great number of the Ameri
can Indian tribes. Its variations were
known by such names as "Sofki" by
the Creeks, "Atole" by the Mexicans,
"Sagamite" by the French, Tanbubo"
or Tafula" by the Choctaw, and was
known to be used in varying forms
also by the Seminole and the
Chickasaw.
Using corn, sometimes parched
and ground or soaked in lye, as a
base, many ingredients were added
to give flavor to the beverage or broth.
Fresh pork was used as seasoning
and often beans,
hickory nuts, marrow,
wood ashes, or other
ingredients were
added.
Out of the legend
ary rent in the sky the
sun fluid seemed to
flow into Indian food
culture in many forms
and many places.
Although the corn
drink and water were
the most common
beverages of the an
cient Indian many
other drinks were from
berries and various
teas from roots, bark,
twigs, and leaves. Soups and broths
were often left to simmer over the fire
providing ready enrichment and sat
isfaction for the family.
The expression "rent" in the
first line of the story refers to "mak
ing an opening" in the sky line you
see in the drawing adapted from the
original by V. Stroud.
tfi-yt :..v.vtf:.-V'
A' 5r Jl
i". & :.:.? ; & -xi v.i--.
If J
mm Emm
ORCGONSTATC UMVCRSTV
EXTENSION
service
Information provided bv:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
OSU Extension Staff:
Arlene Bolleau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
Carol Stevens 4-H
Crystal Wlnlshut 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtuslk Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based infor
mation from Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in
Agriculture, Home Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Devel
opment, Energy and Extension Sea Grant programs. Oregon State
University, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County
and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exten
sion Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Videotapes offered by OSU Extension, observe check out policies
VIDEO CHECK OUT
POLICIES:
1. Need A $1.00 deposit to check
out video. When the video is returned
you will get the deposit back.
2. The video's can only be checked
for no more than two weeks.
3. Please rewind the video's before
returning.
4. Any lost or damaged video
tapes, you will have to pay for the
video.
5. Video tapes can be checked out
at the OSU Extension Office in Warm
Springs.
VIDEOTAPE LIBRARY FOR
OSU EXTENSION
Pesticide Safety 1-Laws and
regulations-labels & Labeling
Pesticide Safety 2-Pests, pesti
cides & pest control
Pesticide Safety 3-Using pesti
cides safely
Pesticide Safety 4-Application
Equipment
Landscape management
Budding and Grafting fruit trees
Backyard Greenhouses
Home Lawn Thatch Control
Pruning Fruit Trees
Raised Bed Gardening
Cattle Corrals
Cow Condition Scoring-Improving
reproduction performance
Water quality agent training
Columbia-Willamette Waterway
Program
Don't teach your trash to swim
When they don't agree (helping
groups decide)
Knapweed-Seeds of destruction
A herd reproductive program &
better heifer performance
Landscaping for solen success
Marine refuse disposal project
Steep review 1 -Social & Eco
nomic Impacts of Erosion Control
Steep review 2-Erosion & Till
age Steep review 3-Machinery
Steep review 4-Pest Manage
ment Water Heating Heat Pumps
Active Solar Water Heating
Blue Sky below my feet (forces),
(spacefood), (spacesuits)
Passive Solar Water Heating
Energy Tip-The blower door
Insulated ceilings, floors & walls
Energy Tip-The blower door
Saving energy 16 cheap & easy
ways
Sunspace thermal mass
Home weatherization-comfort &
savings
Introduction to Solar Water Heat
ing Stopping Home Air Leaks
Energy Saving Window treat
ments Introduction to built for comfort
series
Sunspace Glazing Designs
Sunspace Shading & Venting
Flat Plate Solar Collectors
I Love You When Your Good (se
curity & acceptance)
The Secret of Little Ned
Tightrope (parenting extremes)
New Kid on the Block (social skills)
The scratching Pole (moving de
velopmental tasks)
Hairy Scary (childhood fears)
There comes a Time (societal
support
Stacking the Deck (teaching com
petence) I'll Dance at Your Wedding
(handicaps)
Act Two (step parenting)
Tangled Webs (problem behav
ior) Double Exposure (values)
From A to Zack (preparing chil
dren for school)
On the Brink (child abuse)
If you Knew April (know thy child)
Pre-op (illness & hospitalization)
War & Peace (sibling relation
ships) On Our Own (responsibility)
How to Say No Without Losing
Your Friends
Osteoporosis (are you at risk for
your bone disease)
Sexuality in the Later Years
How to Develop Self Confidence
When your not the Fastest, Prettiest
or Funniest
Yes You Can Say No
Dropping Out
Straight Talk
Best Wishes Edith & Henry
True Blue Play & Fantasy
Christinitas (creativity's)
Primose Lane
And We Were Sad Remember
Death
Love Me & Leave Me (attachment
& independence)
Who is Sylvia (learning through
TV)
Queen for a Day (identity)
No Comparison (individuality)
The First Signs of April (early
stimulation)
Two to Get Ready (prenatal
preparation)
Spare the Rod (discipline)
You Can Do ft (the great cover-
Programming Positive Perfor
mance (teens & adults working together)
The Second Story
Winter Comforts
The Doll maker
Nibbles, the Beaver will soon be seen in
Warm Springs.
We'll tell you more about Nibbles and his friends of the
forest in the coming months in "Celebrate Breakfast.
Managing Credit (Mollie Marsh)
Making Ends Meet (the family
spending plan)
Cracking Your Spending
Metering Your Money
Due Upon Receipt
Beyond Tax Debate
Jams & Jellies
Drying Fruits & Vegetables
Making Pickles & Sauerkraut
Freezing Fruits & Vegetables
Canning Vegetables
Canning Meats & Fish
Fats & Cholesterol
Healthy Aging
Health Care Decisions
What's Cooking (food habits)
Your body, Your Diet and Choles
terol No Better Gift
4-H Review
National 4-H Council
Sweetgrass 4-H
4-H Canada Achievement Day
September 86
W.S. Indian Heritage Society
National 4-H Council
The Story of Our Shoes Tell Us
State Fair-Culture Show
4-H Club Projects
Citizenship-Washington Focus
Caroline Tohet June 88
Caroline Tohet 4-H beadwork
OSU Presidential Conference 87
" " Seaside Conference 88
Starting a Club
OSU Presidential Retreat (Agency
Longhouse)
Sewing for Profit
Clothing for Handicapped & Dis
abled Clothes for Kids
Sewing Today
Mid Columbia Beef Conference
Endangered Species & Pesticides
Fire Ecology
What About Tomorrow
Negotiate a Farm Lease
The Miracle at Bridge Creek
Managing Rangeland Watershed
for Use
Riparian Grazing
Grazing as a Tool for Range Im
provement A Door to the Future
Your Horses Health
Extension Indian Reservation
Program
Stockman's Seminar I, II, III, and
IV
Aids Alert for Youth
Teenage Birth Control
Coping with Eating Disorders
A baby grows
Cassettes: Four phases of per
sonal career development, Winning
with people
Filmstrips: Family relationships,
Learning to co-operate, Developing
self-esteem, Problem, Child Abuse
& Neglect
Parents expect-children want, Self
fulfillment-Becoming the person you
want to be
Mayo clinic health letter news
By Norma L. Simpson
One young lady here on the reser
vation is suffering from psoriasis.
She's like as many as 4-5 million
Americans who cope with the frus
trations of psoriasis. Periodically
scales of dead skin cells accumulate
in layers as thick crusty patches. The
good news is that a form of Vitamin
D is providing relief to people in
many countries. Vitamin D3 oint
ment is already available in Europe,
Scandinavia and Canada. The bad
news is that it is not yet available in
the USA. Researchers here hope to
have approval from the Food and
Drug Administration with a year or
two.
She shared her problems with me,
which prompted me to share the
January 1 994 issue of the Mayo Clinic
Health Letter with her. If anyone you
know would like to read the article,
call the OSU Extension Office, 553
3238 and ask for Norma. I'm still
working only half-time, but I will get
to your request as soon as possible.
Flat Footed
Q. My son is flat-footed. Does
this make him prone to injury?
A. Not necessarily. In a July
1993 study, researchers categorized
the foot shape of 246 Army
Infantry trainees. Then they
followed them through a rigorous
12-week training program.
Trainees with the flattest feet
had the lowest rate of injury to
their lower backs, legs or feet
Those with the highest arches had
six times the injury rate as those
with flatfeet.
Have flatfeet may not make
walking or jogging hazardous. But
you still may experience pain or
irritation due to added pressure on
the nerves and blood vessels in
your feet. If so, an arch support
that readjusts your foot to a better
weight-bearing position can help.
Join 4-H today
Commodity recipe book published
Stockman's Roundup: Color breeds of horses
Yesterday I went to the Warm
Springs commodity center to talk
with John Brown. He surprised me
by saying that there are fewer people
getting commodity foods than when
I visited them last year. That is good
news, it means more people are em
ployed. He also told me that he had
recently received a Quick and Easy
Commodity Recipe book that was
published in 1990. The very attrac
tive spiral book has many wonderful
recipes that use mostly commodity
foods. Those that are in bold print are
commodities and those that are regu
lar print you will need to buy , things
like cinnamon, cloves, vanilla, on
ions and chili powder.
An exciting part of the cook book
is the nutritional information for at
the bottom of each recipe. It tells you
the calories, carbohydrates, protein,
fat and sodium in the ingredients.
Bob Pawelek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
During out last visit, we looked at
colors, patterns and markings in
horses. Today's column will exam
ine some horses bred specifically for
color. Bear in mind, color does not a
breed make. Yet within certain
breeds, some colors are preferred or
even required.
Following is a list, partially
adapted from "Horses and Horse
manship" by M.E. Ensminger, of
some horses bred for their color.
American Creme Horse
Pale cream horses originated right
here in Oregon, and were given breed
status by the American Albino Asso
ciation, Inc. in 1970. American
Creme horses are used as pleasure
horses, for exhibition purposes, as
parade and flag bearers, and as saddle
horses.
American White Horse
The American White Horse has
snow-white hair, having originated
on the White Horse Ranch, Naper,
Nebraska in 1906.
Appaloosa
Appaloosa horses originated in
northeastern Oregon, southeastern
Washington and the bordering area
of Idaho. Early ancestors of the Ap
paloosa were introduced into Mexico
by the early Spanish explorers. The
Nez Perce eventually came into pos
session of some spotted strays and
bred them for their color, as well as
for war, racing and hunting buffalo.
For many years, the Appy was exclu
sively Nez Perce, but the War of
1 877 resulted in ther being scattered
throughout the West.
The name Appaloosa seems to be
derived from the French word
"Palouse," meaning grassy prairie.
Appaloosas can always be distin
guished from other spotted horses by
examining the hoofs, as they are
striped vertically black and white.
Buckskin
Buckskin horses originated
largely from horses of Spanish ex
traction, the same as the Appaloosa.
Buckskins are used primarily as cow
horses, and are very popular in Texas.
Llplzzan
Lipizzan horses trace back to
1504, when Andalusian stallions
were crossed on Spanish-Barb mares.
In 1580, 6 stallions and 27 mares
were shipped to the village of Lipizza,
in what is now Bosnia, from which
the breed got its name.
Lipizzan horses are noted for their
suitability in dressage. Although foals
are born dark, they turn white at 4 to
6 years of age. About one in 600
remains black or brown throughout
life. When this happens, it is consid
ered good luck.
Morocco Spotted Horse
Morocco Spotted Horses origi
nated in the United States, having the
same ancestry as the Appaloosa. The
secondary color, white, must com
prise not less than 10 percent, not
including white on the legs or face.
Paint Horse
The American Paint Horse Asso
ciation is devoted strictly to the stock
type horse, representing a combina
tion of breeding, conformation and
color. In 1965, this association com
bined with the American Paint
Quarter Horse Association, th us may
be registered as both APHA and
AQHA.
Coat colors are white plus any
other color, but the coloring must be
a recognizable paint No discrimina
tion is made against glass, blue, or
light colored eyes. Animals may be
disqualified for registration unless
they have natural white markings
above the knee or hock, except on the
face; if they have Appaloosa color
ing or breeding; if they are adult
horses under 14 hands high; or if they
are five-gaited horses.
Palomino
Palomino horses were first intro
duced from Spain in 1519, having
long been bred for color and used
exclusively as the distinctive mounts
of nobility and military officials.
When California was still a Mexican
possession, the golden horse was
being bred there for racing. The
Palomino Horse Breeders of Ameri
can was organized in 1941.
Interestingly, when palomino
mares are bred to a palomino stal
lion, the foals are, on the average, 1
2 palomino, 14 sorrel, and 14 al
bino. Crossing sorrel offspring with
albinos produces only palomino
foals.
Pinto Horse
The word pinto refers to a spotted
horse, having first arrived in America
with the Spanish conquistadors. The
Comanche especially prized the Pinto
Horse.
The ideal Pinto has a 50-50 color
pattern distribution. However, the
patterns and markings are extremely
varied. Horses with less than 50-50
percentage of markings will be ac
cepted into the registry. But a Pinto
must have noticeable markings on
the body, not including the face and
legs.
Toblano and Overo
These are not breeds, but color
patterns. Tobianos have color on the
head, chest, flanks, and some in the
tail. The legs are nearly always white,
and the white markings extend over
the back. The edges of the markings
are usually fairly smooth and
rounded.
The overo pattern is more rare
than the tobiano. often having jagged
or lacy-edged w hite markings, mostly
on the midsection of the body and
neck. The white rarely crosses the
backJine; legs are usually a color
rather than white. There is more
variation of pattern with overos than
with tobianos.
Pony of the Americas (POA)
This is a great breed for kids who
have outgrown their Shetlands, as
mature animals grow to about 12
hands. They have appaloosa color
ing, but may also be registered with
pinto, albino or roan coloring.
Rangerbred
In type, Rangerbreds (Colorado
Rangers) are similar to Appaloosas.
The registry, Colorado Ranger Horse
Association, was founded in 1937.
This animal was bred for range con
ditions. These horses have been
around since the late 1870s and used
by the U.S. Army at the turn of the
century.
If a few of these breeds are unfa
miliar to you, it may be because there
are some so obscure that not many of
them around. For instance, there are
fewer than 700 Morocco Spotted
Horses in North America. While re
searching this column, I attempted to
contact the American Albino Asso
ciation at Crabtree, Oregon, but no
one there even remembers that out
fit. Sometimes people interpret writ
ten information about a breed as an
official recognition of the breed. No
one person or office has authority to
approve that a strain of some type of
horse is really a breed. Only the Tar
iff Act of 1930 provides a legal basis
for recognizing a breed, since ad
mission of purebred breeding stock
into the United States is duty-free.
Who knows if NAFTA will render
new opportunities for new breeds
maybe even more cokrfuL
People, tribes and organizations
from all over the country sent in
recipes and ideas for the book. These
were tested to see if they really tasted
as good as they sound. The Maryland
Chapter of the North American In
dian Women's Association assisted
in the design of the book.
John also told me that many people
don't take the rolled oats. I wondered
if it meant that people are not eating
breakfast. Part of the decline in its
use could be that children are eating
breakfast at the ECE. But what hap
pens to the children on the weekends
or during holidays. Perhaps the chil
dren are hungry when breakfast is
not prepared at home. Or perhaps
kids and parents alike might really
like oatmeal cereal when it is cooked
with a handful of raisin cooked in
oatmeal. It's one of my favorites.
Since raisins are one of the fruits
available in the commodity list, you
might give it a try.
Or perhaps you have a sister like
mine who picks the raisins out of
everything even though she loves the
flavor of raisins. The quick and Easy
Commodity Recipe answered the
problem.
John Brown also gave me "Billie
Jo's Holliday Lane Recipes. We'll
be try ing out some of these recipes at
the Commodity Center in the near
future. When the date has been set,
we'll let you know in Spilyay and on
KWSO.
Raisin butter
Makes 1 12 cups (24 serv
ings, 1 Tablespoon each)
1 12 cups Raisins
34 cup Orange Juice
12 teaspoon cinnamon
dash ground cloves
1. Combine all ingredients in
a saucepan.
2. Bring to a boil. Lower heat
and simmer, uncovered, for 10
minutes.
3. Whip in a blender or mash
with a fork until smooth.
Store in refrigerator.
Serve on bread, muffins, bis
cuits, and rolls.
Nutrition Information for 1
Tablespoon:
Calorlss32, Carbohy-
dratsszS grams, Protslnsltss
than 1 gram, FatrO, Sodlumsl
milligram.