Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Sprinas, Oregon
November 23, 1993 PAGE 7
Know size and type of woodstove best suited for you
Before buying a wood stove for
your home, make sure you know the
lize and type of stove best suited to
your home healing requirements.
"Don't buy a stove based simply
on an advertiser's claim about how
big an area it will heat," cautions
RichTopiclcc.Orcgon State Univcr.
sity Extension energy agent
The size of wood stove you need
depends on your home's size and
interior layout, on how well it is
weathcrized, and on how cold the
winters are, explains Topic Ice. A
properly sized wood stove is capable
of supplying needed heat for the
typical and coldest winter tempera
tures of your locale.
The right size wood stove pro
vides the best performance and saves
you money," says Topiclcc.
All stoves sold and installed in
Oregon must be certified. Certified
wood stoves are designed to meet
federal Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) air emissions stan
dards and have operating efficient
Clover speaks
4-H is off to a wonderful start this
year with many returning project
leaders and some new and bright
faces. 4-H Recognition Nite was held
Saturday, November 20, 1993, at the
4-H Center. All members and volun
teers were treated to a delicious
spaghetti din nerpre pared by the OSU
4-H Extension staff. Thank you
Arlene, Crystal & Carol.
In Warm Springs we have a unique
4-H program. In Oregon there are 36
counties and each county has one
extension office, except Jefferson
CountyWarm Springs. We are for
tunate we have an Oregon State University-Extension
office right here in
Warm Springs as well as in Madras.
Having an OSU office right here on
the reservation is convenient to Warm
Springs community members. They
can stop at the Education Center and
speak with an agent or pick up pub-
lications without having ta drive to
Madras or wait for the mail.
Another unique aspect of the
Warm Springs program is the splen
did culturally based clubsprojects
featuring dip net making, drumming,
beadworking and Indian dancing.
What a great deal for Warm Springs
youth and their parents. A program
that encourages our young people to
know their culture and take pride in
their reservation.
Sometimes one may not catch an
agent in the office because the work
performed at OSU may take an agent
out on a cattle round up or to the State
Fair for the Native American Style
revue. It is best to make an appoint
ment, this will assure you being able
to make contact with the agent. Please
call 553-3238.
4-H Leader resource materials
We are pleased and excited to
announce a 4-H staff and leader re
source library.
Any 4-H Leader or community
member may check out a book for up
to two weeks and a video for up to
three nights. Stop by the office and
check out the great books and videos
we have.
Enrollment forms
4-H members and leaders please
remember to bring your 4-H enroll
ment form to the OSU Extension
Stockman's Roundup: Ten ways
By Bob Pawelek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
Watching calves come through
the auction ring helps the rancher
learn why buyers pay more for some
calves than they do for others. The
action that you take months or weeks
before, and maybe even the morning
of the sale, may help assure a higher
bid and can boost the total dollar
value of your cattle.
1. Produce for your strongest
market. The spring market is usually
a good price picture for the year.
Demand is usually strong for calves
to finish up winter grazing or to use
early summer grass. To hit the spring
market, hold late-spring or summer
calves over on winter pasture.
2. Market frequently. It's like
hedging. You may not want to bet the
profitability of your entire calf crop
cies of about 63 to 80 percent. That's
well above the 40 to 50 percent effi
cicncicsof the 1970s and early 1980s.
A list of certified stoves is available
from stove dealers or from the Or
egon Department of Environmental
Quality (1-800-4524011).
If you live in an area classified as
"non-attainment," which is an area
Non-caulytic wood ilovci are the
type of itov moit people ire familiar
with. They consif t of firebox, air con
troll, and baffles to contain and
recirculate combuttible laici for effi
cient combustion. Their deiign features
allow them to achieve low emissions and
high efficiencies if properly operated.
office located at 1 1 10 Wasco Street.
Thank you
4-H Guide for Leaders
Often it becomes a challenge for
4-H leaders to plan exciting, involv
ing meetings. Variety in activities
will help make 4-H meetings educa
tional and enrich the 4-H experience
for club members. Active club pro
grams help create interest and provide
inspiration and stimulation for
members to learn through new ex
periences. There are many ways to
incorporate active, fun learning into
the 4-H club experience.
Some 4-H clubs have business
meetings on a monthly basis and
project meetings in between.
Some 4-H clubs have business
meetings as a part of project meet
ings on an "as needed basis.
Some 4-H clubs plan educa
tional field trips and activities (such
as tours, guest speakers, family so
cials, judging activities, etc.) separate
from business or project meetings.
How your 4-H club is organized
and the activities you participate in
are determined by the club leaders,
members, and parents. You may want
to appoint a program planning com
mittee to help develop your club cal
endar for the year.
This committee should be ap
pointed early in the club year. The 4
H Club Planning Worksheet (4-H
024 1L) is a helpful tool. It is avail
able from your county office of the
.'.Oregon State University Extension
Service.....,.. .. ...
Examples of 4-H club
programs
When planning 4-H club pro
grams, be sure to incorporate some
variety in learning experiences. New
and different experiences arouse in
terest and attention in youth of all
ages. Following are some examples
of 4-H club programs that you and
your program planning committee
may want to consider.
Parent's night. Ask the parents
of your club officers (or others) to be
in charge of one program. It may be
serious or on the humorous side.
Club exchange. The entire club
from one area visits another club.
The visiting club usually presents
the program. It may be helpful for a
new club to visit an experience club
to become more familiar with the
club meeting process.
Officer experience night.
Younger 4-H members "hold an of
fice" at one meeting and are
"coached" by club officers and jun
iorteen leaders. This provides an
opportunity for members to "try out"
an office that they may want to run
for later.
Future 4-H'er night. Invite
prospective 4-H members and their
parents to the meeting, have pro
spective 4-K members involved as
on a single day's prices.
3. Manage cattle to fit the market.
The average producer should stay
away from the extremes. If a pro
ducer deviates from the industry
norm, he should do so with a mar
keting plan and a purpose. For ex
ample, if you want to produce calves
for a bull feeding market, be sure
your animals fit the program. Sit
down with someone who is knowl
edgeable about that market and find
out what it takes to produce for it.
4. Check out auction markets.
Markets have people who can help
you get a better price. If you need to
sell cattle that are out of the ordinary,
let the auction company know in
advance, so they have time to prepare
for you.
Different markets have different
personalities. Some markets may sell
larger numbers of some cattle than of
others for example, maybe more
stock cows or baby calves or cross
breeds. 5. Stay informed of market trends.
Don't just show up at the sale barn
with a trailer load of cattle and your
fingers crossed. Read or listen to
market reports on a regular basis
daily, or at least weekly. Call the
market operator occasionally and ask
him what trends he foresees. A good
market manager likes for his cus
tomers to call him. That's what he's
there for his customers.
A cow-calf man shouldn't just
more susceptible to lingering air pol
lutants and has difficulty achieving
EPA air quality standards, find out if
there are any restrictions or regula
tions that may influence your stove
buying decision.
The Energy Note "Sizing and
Buying Wood Stove" takes you
stcp-by-step through determining
Catalytic stoves contain ceramic,
honeycomb-shaped combustor typically
placed in a baffle plate out of direct
contact with flames. The combustor is
coated with a chemical catalyst (plati
num or palladium) that promotes ignition
of gases at lower temperatures (350
600 F).
"helpers" for officers, demonstrators,
etc.
Community program. Involve
local elected officials or presidents
of community organizations to intro
duce them to 4-H via talks, skits,
presentations, judging. etc. Ask them
to talk about their organization, too.
Club family picnic or campout
Hold the meetings during a family
picnic or campout night with pro
gram emphasis on nature and conser
vation. Office nomination, campaign,
election, installation. Promote citi
zenship by having members "declare"
intentions for various offices, then
"campaign" like a political conven
tion, hold election by ballot, secure a
voting booth from county officials,
and have officers "sworn in" with an
impressive ceremony.
Social events surrounding holi
days. Example: Thanksgiving, Hal
loween, Christmas, or Valentine's
Day, with the entire program cen
tered around that holiday's theme.
Be sure to invite and involve the
whole family.
Citizenship night Have a"Know
your State Government" delegate
give a speech or a flag ceremony.
Invite a county government official
to talk about hisher job.
4-11 awards trip winners. Invite
delegates to National 4-H Congress,
the Washington, D.C. trips, or judg
ing trips to give a "pep talk" to your
club.
, i Project tour and club activity.
Hold your club's meeting in con
nection with a project tour, picnic, or
swimming party.
Family "favorite game" night.
Have members and their families
bring a favorite game to the club
meeting. It's best to have games that
can be played at least once in a 30
minute time span. Playing together
may help members learn to work
together.
Presentation night. Have mem
bers who are preparing for county
presentation competition present
their demonstrations or speeches.
Invite an "outside" judge to give
feedback. You might also have a
presentation on "How to Give a
Demonstration" given by an experi
enced member.
4-H Graduation. Plan an im
pressive ceremony or a "This is Your
4-H Life" theme for a graduating 4
H member, followed by refreshments.
This would also be a good time to
invite the whole family.
Member initiation. Plan a fun,
positive ceremony carried out by
juniorteen leaders to welcome new
members. Be sure it is positive and
that each child is made to feel an
important part of the group.
Local club achievement night.
Have each 4-H member exhibit the
to get a little more
watch for calf prices. Also check
prices for yearlings and fat cattle.
They determine what calves will
bring.
6. Take advantage of weather
markets. When heavy snow in East
ern Oregon or perhaps a lengthy pe
riod of rainfall in the valley slices the
number of cattle brought to markets
there, prices here in Central Oregon
may go up.
An order buyer may have only a
week to put together a load or pen of
cattle. If the weather has been bad
and cattle marketings have been
down, he's going to bid higher to fill
his orders.
However, a weather market can
also work against you. For example,
weather conditions that block trans
portation to the destination point for
stockers or feeders can depress the
price at the local market.
7. Sell calves when they peak.
That's when they've made all the
growth they can from milk, and they
need a change in feeding to continue
to gain. You may want to wean and
sell a calf right after he peaks, or else
feed him for 60 to 90 days, but at
least 40 days. You'll probably lose
money if you try to hold a calf for a
week or two after he's weaned. He'll
lose his bloom and attractiveness to
buyers. So you're forced to feed him
until he gets that bloom back.
8. Avoid stress. Wean calves and
move them directly to the sale. Do
how big a stove you need for your
home. It also helps you choose among
three types of wood stoves: non
catalytic, catalytic, and pellet And it
tells how other space heating options
compare to wood stoves. Request
Energy Note B2I5 from the Warm
Springs Extension office.
Pellet stoves burn wood pellets
manufactured from wood waste. Pellets
are loaded into a hopper where a motor
ized auger, controlled by a dial or ther
mostat, moves the pellets into small
burner in the firebox.
results of hisher projects and dis
cuss and encourage enrollment in
that project. This activity could be
held in the fall when members are
making project choices.
All-club judging night. Each
member in the club brings a judging
class representing hisher project; for
example, clothing a class of seams
or scissors; woodworking ham
mers, fasteners, etc.; beef halters,
brushes, etc. Use official judging
cards and have members, leaders,
parents, and guests judge each class.
Talk about the classes and placings.
This is also a good way to introduce
new projects to 4-H members.
Suggested speakers for club
members:
law enforcement official
animal breed association repre
sentative Red Cross representative
blood bank staff member
county health nurse
county 4-H Leaders Council offi
cer Department of Fish and Game
personnel
forestry staff member
volunteer or paid firefighter
County Commissioner
junior leader club representative
State or County Fair board mem
ber retired citizen
probation officer
service club and fraternal order
member
; exchange student
local business owner
county agent of the OSU Exten
sion Service
In the 4-H program we are work
ing with a wide range of youth from
many different backgrounds, and
with different skills and abilities.
From research and everyday obser
vations we can readily determine that
a flexible and varied program is nec
essary to meet the various needs of
youth.
As a 4-H leader you need to deter
mine, with your club, what you are
trying to accomplish (goal setting)
and what experiences you are pro
viding to meet those goals. You may
need to help your program planning
committee understand those goals as
they identify programs for their yearly
4-H club calendar.
Remember: plan, participate,
review, and evaluate
1. Plan
Thorough planning is the key to
successful 4-H programs. Ask your
self: Is thisprogram necessary? Does
it have a purpose? What do we hope
to gain? A special program or speaker
is a method of teaching an oppor
tunity to learn. A program that re
sults from the desire to see, do, and
learn is most effective. A special
program should help accomplish the
for your calves
not let them stand out in the hot sun
while you drench their mothers and
then load them out. The overall at
tractiveness of a calf is severely re
duced if he has been rained on, is
covered with mud, and has been
drained of energy. Any calf that's
tired when he comes to the sale barn
will even be tireder by the time he
leaves. Buyers mentally take that into
account when they're bidding.
Nervous, high-strung animals
like most strains of Brahmans have a
tendency to buckle or go down when
they've been stressed or run in muddy
pens.
There is no way to salvage a buck
ling calf. A buyer won't even be able
to get him on the truck. Again, the
solution is to have dry pens or solid
pastures in which you can hold cattle
until you are ready to load them.
10. Move 'em out slow and easy.
Ease calves onto your truck or trailer
with as little hassle as possible. Don't
try to crowd too many calves onto a
single truck or trailer. Make sure
they have solid footing.
There's no way to guarantee that
your cattle will always top the mar
ket The truth is that you can do more
to keep from getting discounted than
you can to get a higher price. But,
you can increase their dollar value by
having a market strategy and by us
ing good common sense in taking
your calves to the sale bam.
CMMKMtAI IMftMWTV
EXTENSION
service
OSU Extension Staff;
Arlene Bolleau. . 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelck .............................................. Livestock
Norma Simpson ................................. Home Economics
Crystal Wlnlshut . 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtuslk . Agriculture
Clint Jacks. ...................................... Staff Chair, Madras
The above Individuals are devoted to extending research-based Infor
mation from Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in
Agriculture, Home Economics, 4 H Youth, Forestry, Community Devel
opment, Energy and Extension Sea Grant programs. Oregon State
University, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County
and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exten
sion Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
goals of your club.
Who plans a special club pro-
i;ram? Remember that interest and
earning result from involvement
Therefore, the club members should
be involved in planning and making
arrangements. For a large club pro
gram or activity you may want to
have several subcommittees to plan
and arrange for special set-up needs,
food, publicity, etc.
At the meeting prior to a special
program or guest speaker, announce
and explain the upcoming program.
Members and parents should know
what they will see, hear, and Icam.
This stimulates interest and sets the
stage for better understanding, ap-
Iiropriate questions, and greater
earning.
Be sure to publicize a special pro
gram before it occurs. A news story
alerts the community to what 4-H is
doing and stimulates interest You
may want to have a phone committee
call members to remind them of spe
cial programs.
2. Participate
Meet at the scheduled time and
place. Check to see that everyone is
present and comfortable, and has
what he or she needs.
Be sure to have someone ap
pointed to introduce a guest speaker
at the beginning of the program and
thank the speaker at the end. If addi
tional family members are attending,
take the time for 4-H members to
introduce them to the club. This is
important in making family mem
bers feel a part of the activity.
Avoid distractions. People learn
best when they are comfortable. Al
low participants to be seated when
practical. Have a loudspeaker or por
Piece of our world: DE Plant
In the last issue I ran an article on
the new newspaper recycling pro
gram for the Reservation. In the ar
ticle I mentioned that the old news
papers would be used by the Com
posite Products division of Warm
Springs Forest Products in the pro
duction of fire proof building materi
als. Many people had questions about
Composite Products so I felt that a
little information would be helpful.
Composite Products (sometimes
called the DE projects) is located at
the mill next to Highway 26 down
near the Deschutes River. It's offices
and manufacturing facilities occupy
the large Southeast building that was
formerly used for manufacturing
plywood. Unlike other divisions at
the mill, Composite Products uses no
timber or wood in it's manufacturing
processes. In fact the only two im
portant ingredients in their products
are old newspaper pulp and diatoma
ceous earth, a mineral dug from the
ground.
Diatomaceous earth (sometimes
called diatom ite by geologists) is a
soft, while material like chalk that
crumbles into powder. Diatoms are
microscopic, single celled creatures
that occur in many environments on
the earth but are probably best known
as part of the mass of drifting organ
isms in oceans and lakes known as
plankton. These tiny creatures have
hard shells composed of silica, which
is the same as quartz. When these
creatures die their shells remain in
tact and eventually sink to the bot
tom of the water. Over thousands of
years the layer of diatom shells can
become very deep. These deposits of
diatom shells can be found in many
places in Oregon and in other parts of
the world where it is mined for many
uses. The diatomaceous earth used at
Whole wheat dough has less gluten
By Norma L. Simpson
If you like to make whole wheat
bread, you could wonder why your
loaves are so flat when other people
manage to have lovely loaves with
rounded tops.
The answer is the concept of
"whole wheat" Most bakers prefer
to mix 50 whole wheat flour and
50 white flour. Whole wheat has
less gluten, the protein in flour.
Kneading the dough to develop the
protein so it will trap gas produced
by the yeast As a result the bread
made with both white and whole
wheat tend to raise better and to keep
the gas inside the loaf until it is baked.
There are two options to get more
Information provided bv:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
table PA system available if needed.
Encourage everyone to participate
in activities. Handle conduct prob
lems courteously, firmly, and
promptly. At the end of the program,
give participants a chance to ask
questions.
3. Review and evaluate
At the next club meeting, review
what was learned at the program.
Encourage club members to tell what
they liked about the program and
what they learned that was new. I Iclp
them understand the program and
how it relates to them. This will help
to reinforce the learning process.
Have your program planning
committee send thank -vou letters to
the speaker, host, and others who
helped out Writing thank-you let
ters can help club members develop
the habit of expressing appreciation.
Sometimes letters should be written
by each member. Other limes, letters
can be written by a committee chair
and signed by all members. As club
leader, you, too, may want to write to
a special speaker expressing your
appreciation.
A follow-up news story about the
program may be very appropriate.
Include this story (or the highlights)
in the secretary's book or club scrap
book, as it will be helpful in planning
future club programs. Also include
those things you would like tochange
or do differently next time.
Good 4-H club programs don't
just happen automatically. They take
discussion, involvement, and plan
ning. Work with your members and
their parents to develop a variety of
interesting, fun, and educational
programs for your 4-H club. Learn
ing can be fun!
the mill is mined just south of the
Reservation in Terrebonne.
The question still remains: "How
can you make something fireproof
out of this powdery stuff and old
newspapers?" I wondered this my
self, so I gave Frank Smith a call
down at the mill to ask him. Mr.
Smith told me that the fireproof
building materials that they produce
are made of newspaper fiber, diato
maceous earth, and not much else.
The old newspapers are pulverized,
mixed with water and diatomaceous
then formed into the desired shapes
before they harden and dry . Its a little
more complicated than that but that
is basically it. Mr. Smith said that the
insulating qualities of the diatoma
ceous earth make these finished
products extremely fire resistant He
went on to tell me that a type of panel
door manufactured by Composite
Products was tested in a fire where
temperatures exceeded 24,000 de
grees Fahrenheit! The door not only
survived but it even kept its color.
Mr. Smith is very enthusiastic about
the work going on at Composite
Products and he encourages any in
terested Tribal member to ask ques
tions about what they are doing and
arrange for a tour of the project
This is what will happen to old
newspapers that are collected in the
Warm Springs recycling program.
Its a chance for all of us to make a
positive step toward conserving our
natural resources and to support the
work of Composite Products. The
money made by the mill means in
come for the Confederated Tribes
and the Tribal members.
If you have any questions on this
or other topics that interest you please
call me at the Extension Office (553
3238) or stop in during office hours.
gluten. One is to buy it and the other
is for those people with plenty of
time. You can make gluten by wash
ing whole wheat flour to remove the
starch. You start with 9 cups of whole
wheat flour to eventually have 2 12
cups of gluten, which would have to
be dried ground into the bread to get
a more glutinous type bread. I have
the directions for anyone who wants
to give it a try.
To improve all bread making dur
ing cold winter months bring all of
the ingredients into the room the night
before you want to make bread. Bring
cold flour to room temperature for
better wintertime bread.