January 8, 1993 PAGE 7
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Orecon
Beginning sewing class to begin in January,
t If vnu have a Mwins machine at
home, but don't know how to run it,
come join us for the beginners classes
starting in January.
You must register in advance for
the courses by January 15, 1993.
. We will limit the classes to 10
participants per session. If there axe
more people who want to take the
course, we will schedule the course
again to lake care of others who are
interested.
Also if you received one of the
fancy computerized machines for
Christmas or a sergcr and want to
learn to use it, we will schedule a
special class for that group.
we will have three sets oi classes,
Scours in calves identifiable and preventable
. . . f...L.: .il-j: -m.- if rotv nnrf irul.'irlv thftSfi with dia
Bv Bob Pawelek
More financial losses to cow-calf
producers are caused by calf scours
than any other health problem in their
herds. Calves arc much too valuable
not to understand how to prevent this
problem.
Scours is not a single disease. It's
a symptom associated with several
diseases and is characterized by di
arrhea. A newborn healthy calf will usu
ally be on it's legs and nursing within
a few hours. If the mama cow has
been lying in a fouled pasture, a
muddy lot, or in some scours from an
earlier calf in the same pen, the baby
calf may suck down massive doses
of germs before it finds the colostrum.
This will kill a calf.
Regardless of how it happens, the
diarrhea prevents absorption of flu
ids from the intestines. Also, body
fluids pass from the scouring calf s
body into the intestines. It's a no win
situation at this point, since the
scouring calf loses fluids and rapidly
dehydrates. Electrolytes arc lost, and
acid builds up.
Causes of calf scours:
Known causes of scours can be
grouped into two categories,
noninfectious and infectious.
Noninfectious causes, as illus
trated by the poor environment for a
newborn calf in a contaminated lot,
may also be nutritional or stress
related. Inadequate nutrition of the
pregnant dam or cold stress on a wet
and chilled newborn may also be
classified as noninfectious.
A calf is born without scours-
Specialists share information
1 The person who coined the phrase
"quiet as a mouse obviously never
shared winter living quarters with
one. A mouse's noisy night-time
activities of gnawing, scratching, and
running inside wall spaces are defi
nitely disquieting, say two Oregon
State University Extension special
ists. Each year at this time, mice enter
heated buildings seeking shelter from
the winter and a guaranteed food
supply. These tiny rodents damage
structures with their gnawing and
spoil stored foods with their excre
ment, explains Mary Ann Sward,
Extension housing specialist, and
Daniel Edge, Extension wildlife
specialist.
Agile and quick, mice can find
many routes into a house. They can
climb almost any rough vertical
surface, such as trees and brick walls.
They can scamper across pipes and
power lines, and they can squeeze
into holes as wee as one-quarter inch
wide.
Stockman's Roundup
r?r ram r
By Bob Pawelek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
Ranch Programs to assist pro
ducers Sharpening management skills
will be the focus of some new edu
cational programs to be conducted
by OSU Extension in the coming
weeks, both here at Warm Springs
and throughout Central Oregon.
Early registration for the follow
ing programs is encouraged, as a
number of them have limits on au
dience size:
Financial Analysis and Planning :
This workshop is a six-week live
satellite and video presentation from
the Agriculture Resources Depart
ment at OSU. Farm Management
Extension Specialists from OSU and
Eastern Oregon State College will
lead participants through concepts in
farm and ranch management You
will develop balance sheets, income
statements and cash flows by using
each four hours long. The morning
croup will meet Irom y to ll t.m.
Tuesday and Thursday January 19
and 21.
The evening group will meet from
5 to 7 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday,
January 19 and 21.
The Saturday Class from 9 a.m. to
1 p.m., January 23.
Bring your machine to the 4-H
Room in the basement of the new
Education Center, formerly the Old
Boys Dorm. If you have the instruc
tion books, please bring them as well.
We arc try ing to locate a collection of
the instruction books, especially for
older machines so we can help others
who don't have books.
fighting antibodies. The calf will ac
quire these antibodies only by nurs
ing colostrum early, witnin tnc tirsi
12 hoursof life. All that work youdid
vaccinating those cows is wasted un
less the cai nurses colostrum, pref
erably before it is four hours old. As
the calf grows older, it loses its ability
to absorb colostra antibodies by the
hour.
Infcctiouscauscs may be bacterial,
viral, or protozoan. A whole list of
infectious agents are in this category.
E. Coli is probably the most impor
tant cause of bacterial scours in
calves, while calves as young as one
or two days old may scour from co
rona or rotavirus infection.
Nutritional Scours:
Under range conditions, a calf
adopts a pattern of nursing that fills
its needs. Nutritional scours can be
caused by anything that disrupts this
normal habit. A storm, strong wind
or the mother going off hunting for
new grass disrupts the normal nurs
ing pattern. When the calf docs get
up to nurse, it is overly hungry, so he
pigs out (sorry, terrible pun) and
overloads on milk. This is usually a
white scours caused by undigested
milk. This type of scours is not nearly
as serious as the infectious variety,
prevention of Scours:
Never withhold feed from a cow
with the intent of cutting down milk
production to stop a scours outbreak
in calves. In cold weather, a cow's
energy goes more for heat and less
for milk. The calves may stop pass
ing so much liquid feces, but it docs
nothing to stop the disease, only the
flow of fluid. Withholding milk from
The homeowner's first defense
against this common pest is pre
venting entry into the house. That
means first sealing or screening all
holes and openings around the
foundation.
Steel wool stuffed firmly into a
small opening makes a good tempo
rary barrier. For a more durable seal
of entry points, position three inches
of concrete, 24-gauge galvanized
sheet metal or one-quarter inch mesh
hardware cloth to close off the
opening.
Pet food and birdseed attract ro
dents. So, store them in sealed con
tainers and clean up any spills im
mediately. Don't leave pet food out
in bowls after the pets have eaten.
Be careful not to provide mice
with shelter near your house. Clean
out any accumulation of junk. Clear
away excessive plant growth and
debris next to the house's foundaion.
Avoid stacking firewood near the
house. In the garage or basement,
stack storage containers a few inches
case histories.
The series will be held every
Thursday for six weeks starting
January 28 from 1:00 - 3:30 p.m. at
the Jefferson County Conference
Room, 85 SE D Street, Madras. The
cost is $20 for the series.
Living on a few acres: Many
people on the reservation may be
interested in this program devoted to
upgrading skills for managers of
small acreage.
Topics and dates for living on a
few acres are: Small scale Beef
Production, February 1 1 ; Alternative
Crops, February 25; Pest Manage
ment - rodents, weeds, March 11;
Irrigation & Soil Management,
March 25; Taxes, April 8; Small Scale
Sheep Production, April 15; Forage
and Pasture, May 8.
Cost is $25 for all sessions, which
includes a resource notebook. Cost
for individual sessions still to be de
termined. Register with payment by Febru
ary 5 to Deschutes County Extension
Offices, P.O. Box 756, Redmond,
Oregon 97756.
Calving School
Hurry! The class is filling quickly.
Because of the importance ot hands
on experience, 10 individuals is the
limit See article this page for further
information.
Cattlemen Seminar
Breeding and selecting cattle for
today's market is becoming increas
ingly important. Dr. Bob Long, a
nationally renowned beef production
specialist from Texas Tech Univer
sity, will focus on the value added
market that is beginning to change
the beef cattle industry. Emphasis
will be placed on how cow-calf
Also brinff one vard of fabric to
practice on as you leam while you
leam to make each part of the ma
chine work properly. Bring bobbins,
scissors, thread and a bucket full of
patience.
When you register, let me know
the parts of the sewing machine that
are missing, such as bobbins, bobbin
cases or knobs and screws. We will
try to have some parts you can buy to
replace them. Bring the name of the
machine and the model of the ma
chine. One of our goals of teaching the
use of the sewing machine is to help
you make your own wing dress, leg
gings or vests and ribbon shirts. We
calves, particularly those with diar
rhea, takes away their only energy
source to keep warm. Diarrhea is
actually nature's way of flushing out
unwanted toxins.
Next Time: Management, Vacci
nations & Treatments for Scours.
Some information presented in
this article was adopted from "Pre
vention of Baby Call Discases",CES
Cattle Producer's library, CL 648.
RockiiY 4-H Sign-up Meeting
Wednesday, January 6, 1993, at 6:00 p.m.
First floor conference room In Education Center
1110 Wasco Street
All interested are invited to attend
For information contact Bob Pawelek, OSU Extension
Agent Livestock, 553-3238
Holiday gift plants may be dangerous to
small children and pets
Durina the holiday season, a lot of
plants are given as gifts to friends
and relatives. Most of these decora
tive plants are harmless, but some
can be dangerous to young children
or pets, who might eat part of the
plant, says Ross Penhallegon, horti
culture agent with the Oregon State
University (OSU) Extension Service.
"The important thing to do is to be
aware of where the plant is placed,
the name of the plant, and if it can be
about mice
awnv from the walls. This will fa
cilitate inspections for signs of mice.
Dark droppings the size of rice
grains in cabinets and drawers are a
sign of mice infestation. Hoarded
food piles and nests of shredded pa
per or cloth are further evidence that
mice are present.
If you have mice in the house, set
traps in areas where they are most
active along walls and ledges. Set
spring traps with the trigger end
against the wall. Two traps set side
by side improve the success rate.
Good baits include peanut butter,
bacon, and milk chocolate.
Check the traps daily to dispose of
the catch and renew the bait.
Poison-based baits are not recom
mended for homes because they
present a danger to children and pets.
Also, with this method, dead mice
often end up behind walls, under
floors, and in other places where
disposal is impossible.
producers can breed and select for
this market. Live cattle will be used
to demonstrate selection criteria.
The event will be hosted by OSU
Jefferson County Extension and by
NorStar Cattle Company as an edu
cational event prior to their bull sale.
The Cattlemen Seminar will be held
Friday, February 26 starting at 4:30
p.m. for a get together, 5:30 p.m.
dinner and at 6:30 p.m. Dr. Long's
presentation.
Location is Central Oregon Live
stock Auction Yard, Madras. Reser
vations for dinner must be made be
fore Monday, February 22 by calling
475-3808.
Standardized Performance
Analysis
The National Cattlemen's Asso
ciation has been working toward
standardization of records in cow
calf production and financial per
formance. Based on work with a
number of individuals and universi
ties, the Standardized Performance
Analysis or SPA Program has been
created.
The purpose of SPA is to help
producers monitor performance
herd performance and financial per
formance. SPA helps to look at how
the cow-calf enterprise can generate
profitable change and to monitor
progress over time.
A workshop to introduce SPA will
be held on March 4 from 10 a.m. to
2:00 p.m. For those producers inter
ested in gaining information on their
herd, worksheets will be handed out
and a second session will be set to
run the SPA software program for
individual herds. Register by March
1 to the Jefferson County Extension
Office, 475-3808.
sign up now
hope many people will be in tradi
tional dress when the Museum opens
March 14. It is an accomplishment
that Warm Springs residents can be
proud of. The Powwow will attract
tribal members from many other
tribes as well as other dignitaries.
We'll want to look our best and strut
the proudest.
Plan ahead to
by Norma L. Simpson
If your home is worth $15,000,
S20.000 or $80,000. don't you think
it is worth a few dollars to protect it?
Buy a fire extinguisher.
One recent Warm Springi fire
caused a house to burn do wn because
an extinguisher was not available.
Instead the occupants threw water
onto a grease fire. That is a NO-NO!
A grease fire should be smothered
with foam from an extinguisher or in
another way.
One common kitchen fire is in a
pan of hot grease for cooking fry
bread or making popcorn. If the
grease bursts into flame, cover the
pan with a lid. Oxygen in the pan will
reached by small children or ani
mals, advises Penhallegon.
Potentially harmful holiday plants
include: amaryllis, the entire plant;
bracken fern, leaves; Christmas rose,
foliage, roots and sap; Christmas
pepper, the small peppers;
dieffenbackia, stem and leaves; En
glish ivy , leaves and fruit; euonymus,
fruit, foliage and bark; ficus (fig),
milky sap causes skin reaction; holly,
leaves and berries; horsechestnut,
nuts, leaves and flowers; hyacinth,
bulb; mistletoe, foliage and fruit;
Narcissus-daffodil, bulbs; philodcn
dron, leaves and stem; poinscttia, be
cautious; potato, sprouts; rhododen
drons, leaves; tulips, bulbs.
For holiday peace of mind, post
the number of the local poison con
trol center in a conspicuous spot near
the telephone. 1-800-452-7165.
Volunteers needed to teach
beginning sewing classes
If you are knowledgeable about
sewing machines and would like to
help to teach the sewing classes for
Happy Neiu
Veor!!
from
OSU EHtensian
4
After eating an entire bull, a mountain lion felt so good he started
roaring. He kept it up until a hunter came along and shot him. The
moral of that story is when you're full of bull, keep your mouth shut.
Prepare now for February 13 calving school
Warm Springs OSU Extension
office will present a calving school
for Warm Springs producers on Sat
urday, February 13, 1993 at the
Norstar Cattle Company near
Willowdale.
Dr. Don Hansen, Extension Vet
erinarian and Dr Bill Zollinger, Ex
tension Beef Specialist for OSU, will
be here to present the program.
This school will be a hands on
learning experience designed to teach
the novice and expert. The class will
be limited to ten students so all par
ticipants can be involved. Registra
tions will be taken on a first received,
frist enrolled basis.There will be a
registration fee of $20 to cover ex
penses. Topics include: Emphasis: Hands
on experience.
Morning discussions include:
Third-trimester management and
nutrition; Sire selection based on data
from records (EPD); Health programs
pre-breeding to third trimester. The
Birthing function - identifying mem
branes and fluids; calving equipment
and it's proper use; Handling abnor
mal presentations (Dystocia, pulling
and proper assistance).
Noon: bring a sack lunch.
Afternoon discussions will be:
Post-calving management; Special
handling of first calving heifers;
IIP
prevent serious house fires
soon be gone smothering the fire. A
wooden breadboard can smother the
fire in a big frying pan.
Do not carry the pan outside. The
pan will be so hot you will drop the
pan spreading the hot grease and fire
to the rest of the house.
Also remember that flaming
grease can also ignite a fire in the
vent above the stove. Clean the vent
oftcn.likconcea week, if you prepare
fry bread often. Soak the aluminum
screen filters in hot water with a little
household ammonia (a capful) for 30
minutes to loosen the grease, then
scrub with an old toothbrush to dis
solve grease in the hard to reach
spots around the edges.
Remember fire needs three things
to survive. They are: Oxygen, Fuel,
Meat.
If you cover the fires, it will be
starved of oxygen and smother.
If you remove the heat, you cool
the object that is burning, it will cool
the fire as well. But not all things will
Recipe substitutes for allergies
by Norma L. Simpson
When you first learn that your
favorite food is making you sick, it
breaks your heart. Things like
chocolate that can cause people to
have kidney stones for example. Or
chocolate milk, one of your favorites
wintertime treats. But keep the faith,
there arc things that you can eat that
substitute or nearly substitute for
them. Carob is one chocolate taste
that you can leam to accept.
But what if you arc a fry bread
eater and learn that you can not eat
wheat flour or all the other things that
have wheat in them like pizza crust,
beer, pancakes, macaroni products,
cold cuts, gravies and desserts. To
help you over the hump you might
need to learn to avoid some of these
foods.
Recently as I was rearranging the
bookcases in the new extension office,
I saw a thin but valuable booklet
called Allergy Recipes, by the
American Dietetic Association. It not
only has recipes, but it explains the
ready-made foods which contain
wheat flour.
beginners, we would love to hear
from you.
ContaclNormSimpson;OSU Ex
tension 553-3238 or 553-3535.
We think there are many people
who want to learn to sew or learn to
sew again, if years have passed since
they tried before. Your skill will be
greatly appreciated.
In February we will be helping
people to make their own traditional
wing dresses, leggings, ribbon shirts
or vests. The new seamstresses will
be very happy to have help with these
sewing skills as well.
Health programs-third trimesterfol
lowing calving; Calving barn facili
ties, chutes, etc.; Getting them bred
back on schedule.
NOTE: We will stop classroom
OSU
Calving School
February 13, 1993
Norstar Cattle Co, Willowdale
I
I
I
Name
I
j Address,
I
Phone:.
(Home)
I Registration $20 per person. Make Check Payable to: j
Total Amount
Rockln'4-H Club
Warm Springs Extension Service
PO Box 430
j Return registration form and check no later than February 3.
I
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Offico
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238
be cooled, such as water on grease.
Water manes tnc grease spaucr,
spreading the fire to other things in
the home.
If you remove the fuel, the fire
will not burn. But remember there
may still be embers hot enough to
start another fire. Cool the embers
with dirt or water depending on what
caused the fire.
More important in fire safety, get
people out of the home, to a safe
meeting place. In advance teach the
children where to meet and how to
behave when they get there. Older
children should help the little ones to
stay in the safe place. Then call the
fire department.
Recently a Warm Springs mother
told me that she insisted on a clear
fire lane in each room. She knew that
stuff piled everywhere could keep
people from escaping in an emer
gency. Docs your home have a clear
fire lane from each room to an out
side door?
If you have to cook for the person
with the allergy, you might need to
leam to substitute wheat for other
types of flour. You can substitute
barley, com, corn meal, rice, rye, oat
flours. If you want to make gravies
or puddings you can use potato, ar
rowroot, corn starches or tapioca as
well as rice flour.
You need to realize that these
products will not in all cases be like
your familiar foods. The difference
will be principally in the texture,
moistness and heaviness, particularly
in wheat-free recipes. Rice flour has
a slightly grainy texture and a bland
flavor but is a very versatile flour.
Rice flour can be used in a wide
variety of baked products. Soy flour
can be used alone in cookies but for
other products it is best used as a
mixture of other flours.
The texture of quick breads is
' improved if the dough is allowed to
stand in the pan for20 minutes before
baking. And products will hold their
shape better if left in the pan for five
minutes before removing.
The Allergy Recipes book also
contains information for Milk-Free
and Egg-Free recipes. If you have
these kinds of allergies to cope with
in your family, come to our Warm
Springs office in the Education
Center on Wasco Street and we'll
help you meet the challenges they
present.
Need help?
We are here in Warm Springs
to helpyou. Give us a callandwe
will try to help you to solve prob
lems or to help you plan for a
brighter 1993. If we don't know
the answer to your questions,
we'll find the person who can
helpyou.
presentations whenever a heifer starts
to calve. Discussions will be held on
emergency situations as they arise.
Come prepared for any kind of
weather.
.CityZip.
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.(Business) I
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Enclosed.
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