Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
October 30, 1992 PAGE 7
Prepare cattle herd now for severe winter months; reduce herd size, buy food
Every to often, a region faces a
crop year of much less than average
precipitation. Having arrived fresh
from the South Texas Brush Country
two weeks ago, it was easy to tell that
rangcland on the Reservation and
throughout Central Oregon is suf
fering from a lack of moisture.
On the average, a drought occurs
every five years or so. Unfortunately,
we are going into our eighth con
secutive crop year drought.
We Aggies and OSU tvpes often
refer to the period from September
through June as a "crop year" because
moisture (primarily in the form of
snow and spring thaw) from these
months is responsible for forage
growth. A dry spring can mean a 60
percent reduction in perennial grass
range growth. If the drought persists,
of course, a further reduction can be
expected.
Water excellent when dieting
Water sunnresses the appetite and
naturally helps the body mcubolic
stored fat Studies show that a de
crease in water intake will cause fat
deposiu to increase and an increase
in water intake can actually reduce
fat deposits.
Why? The kidneys can't function
properly without enough water.
When they don't work to capacity,
some of their load is dumped onto the
liver. A primary function of the liver
is to mcubolic stored fat into useable
energy for the body. If the liver must
do the kidney's work, it metabolizes
less fat As a result, more fat remains
stored in the body and weight loss
stops.
Herd Management
There are several management
practices that the producer may use
to reduce impending winter feed
needs and stretch his fall grazing as
well as hay supplies. On operations
where calves are kept and sold as
yearlings, these animals can be
marketed at weaning. This approach
can save feed that would otherwise
be consumed by the cal ves and makes
sure that mama cows will go into
another possibly dry winter in better
condition.
Pregnancy testing to cull open
cows andor culling cows that would
otherwise have a tough time making
through the winter will also cut win
ter feed costs.
An alternative to reducing herd
numbers is to purchase feed. Buying
grass hay, alfalfa, cereal grains, etc.,
are necessary to keep the base herd
intact and to maintain calf crop per
cent. Keeping an eye on pregnant cows
and first-calf heifers to ensure that
they are on a high plane of nutrition
is important. Cold weather increases
energy needs of all livestock, and
affects these animals especially. By
providing proper herd nutrition now,
the stockman will ensure optimal herd
condition by the time the snow flics.
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Office
1131 Paiuto Street
553-3238
Extension office to move; new
agriculture specialist on board
Protect, feed our feathered friends this winter
Watching birds at feeders is fasci
nating for children and adults. With
winter ncaring, it's lime to help our
feathered friends find sufficient food
to survive.
The high-energy mainstaysof any
bird feeding program are a source of
fat (suet is best) and a selection of
grains and seeds. Where snow cov
to grind up hard seeds. Course sand
works fine.
To suet, seed, grains and grit a
wide variety of foods may be added
including nutmcats; fresh, dried or
frozen fruits and baked goods. Pea
nut butter mixed with seed makes an
excellent meal for most birds. All
food, except for suet and composite
. . ' .... . - A ..I I J
find particles of grit in their gizzards
Pay yourself first and save
Every individual and every fam
ily needs an emergency fund for un
expected happenings such as car
repairs, appliance breakdowns and
sudden illnesses. But many people
have trouble accumulating an emer
gency fund.
If you don't have an emergency
fund, develop the habit of putting
money aside on a regular basis.
When you work on your monthly
spending plan, include a savings ac
count as one of your fixed expenses
just like the rent or mortgage and
utility bills. In other words, pay
yourself first.
crs the ground, grit needs to be sup- blocks designed to be pecked, should
t..a. 1. 1 .-a ...... t.. rr u:.- :.. .;..
Here are some guidelines to fol
low when feeding birds:
1. Recommended birdseed mix:
50 percent sunflower seeds, 35 per
cent millet, 15 percent find or me
dium cracked corn.
2. Once you start feeding birds
Put "unexpected moneys" such as
tax returns, overtime pay, bonuses,
rebate money or money saved by
using coupons into your savings ac
count. Look for expenses you can re
duce. As you reduce expenses, in
crease savings.
A rule of thumb says that indi
viduals and families should have two
to three months' take-home pay in an
emergency fund. Remember, it docs
take time for savings to accumulate.
However, getting started is the most
important step.
don't quit in the middle of the win
ter. The birds are now dependent on
you as a source of food. Continue
feeding well into the spring.
3. Use the type of feeder that suits
the kind of feed you offer i.e.': hopper
feeders for seed and grains, platform
feeders for scraps and fruit, etc.
4. Locate feeders that protect the
birds from weather and predators.
Squirrel protection can be accom
plished by putting metal sheeting
around the pole. Put a band at least 1 8
inches wide.
5. Shop early in the fall for seed
and grains; buy in 50 or 100 pound
bags and store in rodent-proof containers.
The OSU Extension office is in
the process of moving to the Educa
tion Center (Old Boys Dorm) where
we will join with the education de
partment and culture and heritage.
We will be on the second floor.
Hopefully, this will be our lasting
home.
OSU is having telephone problems
at this time, problems that will be
resolved once we arc moved into the
education center. The only phone
number that is working now is 553
3432. We apologize forany inconve
nience we have caused with this
phone problem. Once we arc moved
into our new home, we will have an
open house and invite all to come to
sec our new home and enjoy some
good food.
The Warm Springs Extension of
fice welcomes its newest addition to
the staff, Bob Pawclek, a former
extension agent at Hidalgo County,
Texas. He arrived two weeks ago
from his home near San Antonio.
Bob will provide leadership and de
livery of a livestock production and
management programs for the reser
vation. Bob is a 1985 graduate of Texas
AAM University with a BS degree in
animal science. Ho served as an ex
tension agent in deep south Texas
before trying hisown hand at ranching
on his family's homestead at Falls
City, Texas. Bob is very happy to be
"back in the saddle" asanagentagain,
and he invites producers to stop in for
a visit, or give him a call at 553-3432.
Books play an important role in development of child's learning capabilities
Watch your credit spending, control debt
How much credit can you afford?
Some experts suggest that your con
sumer debt level not exceed 20 per
cent of your income
There is a more accurate method
of computing an acceptable amount
of credit debt. Try reviewing your
houschold'sbudgcttodctcrminchow
much money you have each month
that could go toward a credit obli
gation. The overuse of credit can lead to
financial problems.
Your use of credit may be out of
control when:
You allow some bills to hold over
to the next month because you don't
have enough money.
You pay only the minimum due
on charge accounts.
You have to charge purchases
more than you like because of lack of
cash.
You take out a new loan before
old ones are paid off.
You cut back on necessities in
order to pay installments.
If you recognize these signs, you
may want to take steps now to cut
back on your debts.
By the timcchildrcnare four years
old. they have achieved 50 percent of
their general intelligence. Another
30 percent is achieved by age eight.
One-third of their speech and vo
cabulary skills are developed by the
lime heshe enters first grade.
Books can play a large part in a
child's language development and
are very useful aid to parents who
play an important role in this devel
opment. Children aren't supposed to just
sit and listen as you read. Try to
relate some of the ideas to personal
situations.
Books also help you introduce
new experiences, different lifestyles
and foreign objects to youngsters.
There arc four basic types of books
designed to teach two to eight year
olds.
Identification books Collections
of pictures with few or no words
arc good to help toddlers learn to
talk. Magazines, catalogs and story
books may be adapted for identifi
cation activities.
Concept books are well suited to
three to five year olds. They demon
strate such things as seasons, shapes,
counting, sizes and motions.
Wordless picture books allow
children to make up their own story
to correspond with the pictures in a
book. Pictures can be used in a scries
or individually to stimulate the child's
imagination and promote language
development and interaction with the
parent.
Story books convey a wide range
of ideas and usually have a well
defined beginning, middle and end.
Story books include fairy and fold
talcs, animal characters and routine
activities such as riding the bus to
school or parents going out for an
evening.
There arc many contemporary
story books which deal with particular
experiences such as an unemployed
father, a new brother or sister, the
death of a grandparent and divorcing
parents.
Contemporary stories are helpful
in explaining situations a child might
encounter or to expose them to
lifestyles outside their community
such ascthnicorcultural differences.
Your local librarian can help
choose books appropriate for your
child's needs and interests. Children
may enjoy using books more if you
let them do some of the choosing.
There are many guides to
children's reading designed for par
ents and teachers. These may include
bibliographies on selected topics,
suggestions for reading to children,
choosing books and using the mas
media. Your librarian can suggest
some guides.
Initiate good energy management practices
The following tips will help you
recognize the good energy manage
ment practices you now use and
identify areas where improvement is
needed. Good management means
using resources effectively to obtain
the maximum comfort, convenience
and satisfaction from your invest
ment. Some of these tips involve
investing money, the long-range
benefit should be cost effective.
Find and fix air leaks around
windows, doors, foundation, electri
cal outlets, exhaust fans and attic
openings.
Install storm windows and doors
to reduce heat loss andor heat gain.
Use solar heat to reduce home
heating costs. Provide summer shade
for south and west windows.
Adjust temperature setting by
five degrees on heating and air con
ditioning system. Compensate for
comfort with the clothing you wear.
Use exhaust fans effectively to
control excess heat and moisture at
the source.
B Adjust temperature setting on
water heater to lowest effective set
ting. Use 140dcgrccsfordishwashcr;
Parental support, encouragement essential In 4-H
Successful 4-H members have the
interest and support of their parents.
If you are wondering how you can
help, here are some suggestions:
Learn about 4-H, what it stands
for, and how it operates.
$ Assist your son or daughter in
selecting 4-H projects
Show your interest and enthusi
asm for the projects selected. Find
out what is suggested for the members
to do and learn.
Help guide your child, but don't
do the job for him or her.
See that a project is carried
through to completion.
Encourage your child when he
or she succeeds, but even more so
when things are not going well. Help
your child see progress, not just the
end result.
Be an example Help your child
be a good sport and appreciate suc
cess of others.
Provide transportation to local
meetings and county activities in
which your child and others of the
club are interested. Or, provide re
freshments for meetings and special
4-H functions. Don't wait to be
asked volunteer your help.
Attend 4-H meetings and other
special activities.
Help your child find a way to
participate in special activities that
interest him or her such as county
contests, camps, fairs or displays.
Keep informed about 4-H
through information that comes to
members of your family. Be a 4-H
booster in your community.
Support your local 4-H leaders.
Get acquainted with them. Let them
know you appreciate their efforts.
Offer your services to assist the
leader. You have knowledge and skill
needed in 4-H.
If the need arises, help find
local leaders for your 4-H club.
Several kindsof leaders are needed
organizational, project, resource and
activity leaders. Consider helping in
one of these ways yourself.
4-H
The Way To Go
possibly 1 30 degrees without a dish
washer. Insulate the water heater.
Insulate ceilings, exterior walls,
under floors, heat ducts and hot wa
ter pipes and water heater.
Use energy powered home ap
pliances efficiently.
Use lighting efficiently. Light
the areas in your home being used.
Select energy efficient bulbs, tubes
and fixtures when replacements are
made.
Consider energy efficiency
when purchasing appliances, and
other motors. Consider lifetime cost
when making purchasing decisions.
If a change of housing is
planned, consider how much space is
essential. Extra space takes energy to
heat, cool, light and clean.
Whether shopping for housing
to buy or rent, evaluate it for energy
efficiency.
Turn off home entertainment
equipment when no one is really lis
tening or watching.
Consider transportationenergy
costs when selecting a place to live,
work, socialize and shop.
Make fuel economy a consider
ation in new car purchases.
4-H prepares youth for future
Where can kids fail and not be afraid to try again? 4-H clubs. 4-H
gives kids a chance to fail in a loving environment and 4-H is a place for
experiences, not answers. It's a special place where creativity, curiosity
and ideas arc nurtured. 4-H is also a place for kids to have input into their
own learning and where they can evaluate themselves.
Let's all remember that 4-H is a youth development program. Youth
learn skills that will take them into their adult years skills like patience,
creativity, persistence, organization and communication.
When exercising, start routine slowly
Your body will be painfully clear
about telling you when you overdo it.
What's the main reason you are
likely to drop yourexercise program?
More often than lack of time or mo
tivation, it's injury...from overusing
your muscles, ligaments and tendons.
So, start your workout routine
slowly and progress slowly. Watch
for any signs of soreness. If you hurt,
switch to an activity that puts no
strain on the injured area. Then
gradually resume your previous
Be sure you have adequate ventilation for indoor projects
No w that the cooler weather means
you'll be doing more craft and home
improvement projects indoors, be
sure to protect yourself with good
ventilation.
Many common materials used
around the home should be used only
with adequate ventilation. Read the
product labels carefully to determine
whether or not the product can be
used indoors or requires special
ventilation.
Opening one window in a room is
probably not enough to ensure ad
equate ventilation. Open two or more
windows, turn on a portable fan to
create a draft out a window, andor
turn on a good exhaust fan to improve
the ventilation in a room-. Avoid
working for too long with materials
you know give off hazardous fumes.
Products which should be used
only with good ventilation include
paint strippers, glues and adhesives,
paints, sealers, varnishes, strong
cleaning products, fungicides and
insecticides.
Dizziness, drowsiness or other
symptoms of sickness are clues that
ventilation is not good enough. If
any of these symptoms occur, get out
of the area quickly and call your
doctor.
Pay special attention to children
who may be helping or playing near
the area where you are working on a
project. Help your children develop
an awareness of safe practices by
explaining how and why you are
improving the ventilation for your
project area.
lime is not measured
by the passing of the
years, but by what one
does, feels and
achieves.
workout routine.
If the pain reappears, rest for a
week, then start at a less strenuous
pace because you need to build up
more muscle strength.
The injury might begin as a mild
ache, but overuse injuries tend to
recur or turn from mild to severe if
you don't treat them properly. So,
give the area plenty of time to heal.
Chili Bean Dip
1 15-ounce can kidney beans
3 Tbsp. drained bean liquid
1 Tbsp. vinegar
1 tsp. chili powder
18 tsp. ground cumin
2 tsp. grated onion
2 tsp. chopped parsley
Drain kidney beans; save liquid.
Place drained beans, bean liquid,
vinegar and seasonings in blender.
Blend until smooth. Remove mixture
from blender and stir in onion and
parsley. Chill thoroughly. Serve with
crisp vegetable sticks.
Salad recipes provide tasty main-dish meal ideas
salad
Curried Turkey and
Peanut Salad
12 cup plain yogurt
14 cup mayonnaise or
dressing
1 to 1 12 tsp. curry powder
14 tsp. salt
18 tsp. pepper
3 cups chopped cooked turkey or
chicken
1 cup halved seedless grapes
Holiday shopping doesn't have to mean HUGE bills for the next year
Holiday shopping doesn't have to
be the first step toward a long winter
of overdue department store bills and
cutting corners to make up for over
spending on gifts.
A realistic shopping strategy is
the key to keeping spending in line
with your resources. Ask yourself:
Who do I want to remember
with gifts?
What price range is appropri
ate and affordable?
I use for holiday gifts?
How much of my current in
come can I afford to spend on gifts?
A How much, if any, can I afford
to buy on credit?
If these questions reveal that the
amount of money available is less
than you need to complete your gift
buying, give the gift list a second
look.
You may be able to find less costly
alternatives to what you planned to
give. You also may want to discuss
A How much, if any, savings can
Leadership training set for this fall
Here is the 1992 Trainine sched- Liz Blann
ule for 4-H leaders. Community
members are welcome to attend any
or all meetings. Hope to see you
there.
Lynne Breese
Effective Club Meetings
4-H Center
7:00-8:00 p.m.
November 5, 1992
Arlene Boileau
Working with Kids and Adults
4-H Center
7:00-8:00 p.m.
November 12, 1992
RecordKeeping, learn how to keep
project records
4-H Center
7:00-8:00 p.m.
November 17, 1992
Tom Wright
Goal SettingLeadership Tech
niques Training Rm, Fire Hall
7:00-8:00 p.m.
November 19, 1992
Hope this will get you off to a
great 4-H start There will be more
training offered throughout 1992
1 993. Keep your eyes and ears open! !
budget limits with family members.
If funds are tight this year, letting
everyone know will prevent disap
pointments. Not all gifts have to be purchased.
Food and craft gifts are always ap
preciated. However, these items may
require more time than you have to
devote to holiday preparations. It
doesn't help if you have more unfin
ished projects than you can com
plete. Handcrafted gifts require care
ful planning and work months ahead
of the holiday season.
Cut the fat,
literally
Gifts of services are especially
thoughtful. Babysitting coupons for
young parents or window washing or
snow shoveling "gificertificates" for
older friends often are welcome gifts.
You may have gifts among the
things you already own. Special
family heirlooms make memorable
gifts. Or you could divide house
plants and share them with others.
Gift giving should be a joy for the
giver as well as the receiver. Plan
ning to make the costs of gifts fit
within the limits of the family budget
makes the holidays more pleasant
1 2 cup chopped sweet red or green
pepper
6 lettuce leaves
13 cup chopped peanuts
For yogurt dressing, in a large
mixing bowl combine the yogurt,
mayonnaise, curry powder, salt, and
pepper; mix well.
Fold in chopped turkey, grapes,
water chestnuts, and red pepper.
Cover and chill thoroughly before
serving.
Serve turkey salad on lettuce
leaves. Sprinkle individual servings
with chopped peanuts. Makes 6 main
dish servings.
Mediterranean Meatball
Salad
1 egg
13 cup plain yogurt
34cupsoftbreadcrumbs(l slice)
14 tsp. ground allspice
1 lb. lean ground beef or ground
lamb
6 cups torn romainc
1 l2cupschcrry tomatoes, halved
1 cup sliced radishes
12 cup sliced green onion
1 can (2 14 ounce) sliced pitted
ripe olives, drained
13 cup salad oil
14 cup lemon juice
1 tsp. dried mint, crushed
14 cup crumbled feta cheese
In a large mixing bowl beat egg;
stir in yogurt. Stir in bread crumbs,
allspice, and 12 teaspoon salt. Add
ground beef and mix well. Shape
mixture into 1 inch meatballs. Place
meatballs in a 15x10x1 inch baking
pan.
Bake, uncovered, in a 350' oven
for 15 minutes or until meat is no
longer pink. Remove meatballs from
pan and drain on paper towels. Cool
meatballs slightly.
Meanwhile, in a very large salad
bowl combine romaine, tomatoes,
radishes, onion, and olives. Coyer
and chill while preparing dressing.
For dressing, in a screw-top jar
combine oil, lemon juice, and mint.
Cover and shake well. To serve, add
meatballs to salad mixture. Shake
dressing again and pour over salad
mixture. Toss lightly. Sprinkle salad
with feta cheese. Makes 6 main-dish
servings.
Nutritious ways to reduce calories offered
When you buy meats, choose lean
cuts and then trim away all visible
fats. For poultry, remove any visible
fat and the skin before cooking. Re
move fat from homemade soups,
stews and gravies by refrigerating
them and then skimming off the
congealed fat on top. You'll save 100
calories for each teaspoon!
Trying to cut the cream in your
coffee? Start with light cream. If that
tastes okay, experiment with a light
creamwhole milk combo. Soon, you
might even find that whole milk, or
better yet, low-fat milk, suits your
purpose. Limit your use of non-dairy
creamers, though. Most are made witu
oils that are even more saturated than
heavy cream.
Go green! Salad greens, tangy and
fresh, are a dieter's delight: Few
calorics and lotsofvitaminsCandA,
potassium and even some B vita
mins. There's a little iron and cal
cium and practically no sodium. The
darker the green, the better source of
. iin it is.
Soup is a dieter's friend, and now
new research finds that low-cal soup
is just as hunger-soothing as high-cal
soup. At John's Hopkins University,
researchers fed two groups of volun
teers tomato soup, telling each to eat
as much as they wanted. One group
ate high calorie soup, the other, low
caloric soup. Each group felt full
after eating about the same amount
with the high-calorie eaters consum
ing 146 calories and the low-calorie
eaters only 17.