Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
October 16, 1992 PAGE 7
Service heating systems
A Heating system can be consid
ered the mechanical heart of a home.
In case you haven't noticed, this
mechanical heart mav have started
working harder in the last few weeks.
It is a system that encompasses fur
nace or baseboard heating units, duct
work, radiators or registers, chimney
or flues and thermostats.
Servicing heating equipment be
1 fore the start of each heating season
could reduce fuel bills as much as
20 or more, and could prevent the
discomfort andexpense oi equipment
break-down during the upcoming
winter heating season.
If the f umacc is fired by oil or gas,
have the maintenance contractor
clean the furnace and flue outlets
check the belt for tension and wear,
oil the motor and fan bearings (if
they are not scaled), change or clean
the filters, check combustion and
safety devices, and make other ad
justments or tests recommended in
the owner's manual.
People who are mechanically in
clined and very careful, can com
plete many of these maintenance
procedures themselves:
Composting turns garbage into valuable resource
What is composting? Composting
occurs naturally nearly everywhere?
Leaves drop from trees. Grass clip
pings are left after mowing the lawn.
Plants and animals die. Over time,
these organic materials break down
or decompose. The rich, dark, soil
Like material results iscallcd compost.
Tiny living things do much of the
work of breaking down organic ma
terials to form compost. These tiny
workers are called microorganisms
and include such things as bacteria
"Celebrating and Protecting Families"
theme for family week in Oregon
Family Week is a week in No
vember set aside nationally with
two objectives. They are:
To promote recognition of and
appreciation for the American
family as the foundation of our free
society, and
To lay before each American
family the continuing challenge to
save and preserve freedom, dignity,
honor and mutual trust among the .
people.
Family Week originated in 1971
in some states and 1972 nationally.
Oregon has participated since 1 977.
Each year, the President issues a -proclamation
as does our Governor.
OSU Extension has sponsored
Family Week the past few years.
Otitis media common infection
Seven out of ten children in the
United States will have at least one
bout with otitis media an often
painful inflammation of the middle
; ear by the time they're three. Half
of those children will have the in
fection three or more times in those
years.
These statistics point to otitis
media as the third most common
childhood infection. Children under
six are most vulnerable, because the
ear is not yet fully grown. Otitis
media may be accompanied by a
build-up of fluid in the ear, which
caused a temporary reduction in
777e longer you
smoke the harder it is
to stop
If you have a teenage smoker in
your household, you may be familiar
with the argument, "This can't hurt
me now-and I'll quit when I get
older." As a parent, you also recog
nize that children don't believe age
and ill health will ever catch up with
them. How can you persuade your
teenager to quit,or better, not to start?
One reason kids smoke is for peer
approval or to look sophisticated.
You may not be able to counter these
motives head on. Your position
should be non threatening. Instead of
focusing on "bad companions," talk
about after-effects such as bad breath,
discolored teeth, holes burned in fa
vorite clothes-as well as the hole
cigarettes can leave in a weekly al
lowance. You can add that medical science
doesn't support the "can't hurt me
now" line of thought. A long-term
study of young smokers in Louisiana
examined the connection between the
onset of cigarette smoking and blood
cholesterol levels in adolescents and
young adults. A group of 747 non
smokers, aged nine to seventeen, were
screened and periodically reexam
ined. Over a five-year period, 147 of
them started smoking. Independent
of age, gender, obesity, and other
factors that affect cholesterol levels,
the smokers had higher levels of LDL
(bad) cholesterol and lower levels of
HDL (good) cholesterol than non
smokers. The researchers concluded .
that even a moderate number of ciga
rettes could damage young arteries.
The worst part of smoking when
you're young is that smoking habits
tend to be established by age 14,
according to an earlier study. And
the longer you smoke, the harder it is
to stop.
-Gas furnaces: The pilot light
should be checked for a clean, blue
flame and the sensing unit cleaned.
-Filters: Check furnace filters
every two months during the heating
season; clean or replace them as
needed. Clean the fan blades of the
air circulation system annually. Keep
the area around the furnace housing
free of dust, lint and litter.
-Trouble signals: Odors, soot on
the burner, black smoke rising from
the chimney or surging water in a
boiler gauge indicate malfunction or
improper adjustment. Oct profes
sional assistance.
-Uneven heating: If one area of
the home gets more heat than it needs,
or if some rooms become hot before
others arc even warm, the heating
system probably needs to be bal
anced. Have this done by a guiding
service specialist.
Zone heating: If a hot water base
board heating system exists, consider
adding thermostats, valves and pip
ing to provide zone heating for sev
eral areas. This will allow better
control of unused or low use areas
and may cut costs by 23.
and fungi. Animals living in the soil
help microorganisms break down
organic materials. Worms and pill
bugs are examples of soil animals
that help change organic wastes into
compost.
As microorganisms and soil ani
mals turn organic materials into
compost, they use the organic mate
rials as food. The organic materials
provide nutrients for growth and
activity. Eventually, these nutrients
are returned to the soil, to be used
We have written the proclamation
for the Governor's signature. In
1992 we plan a more active effort
and hope that every county will
participate in some way.
"Celebrating and Protecting
Families" is the theme OSU Exten
sion has selected for the 1 992 Fam
ily WeekMonth in Oregon.
Family Week is held the week
when families gather to celebrate
the Thanksgiving Holiday. In Or
egon, OSU Extension has expanded
the effort to the month of Novem
ber, calling attention to the issues
Oregon families face and the edu
cational programs that Extension
offers to help families with the is
sues. hearing and sometime persists
months after the pain of the infection
clears up.
Quick action is important, not only
for pain relief, but also because even
a few days of reduced hearing in a
very young child can impair the
process of learning speech and lan
guage. Signs that your child may have
otitis media include irritability, fever,
and a discharge from the ear, you
may also notice himher pulling at
his ear or shaking hisher head. Ac
cumulated fluids, especially that re
maining after treatment, is harder to
spot; look for inconsistent response
to sounds or for unusual inattentive
ness. Children more likely to get otitis
media are boys, those with a sibling
who has a history of the infection,
and those who were not breastfed.
Scours common cause of calf death loss
One of the most common causes
of calf death loss soon after birth of
the animal is scours. Diarrhea is the
major sign of calf scours and virtu
ally no herd goes through the calving
season without some cases of scours.
According to Don Hansen, Extension
Veterinarian for Oregon State Uni
versity, there are two types of scours
experienced by new born calves.
The first type is nutritional scours,
ormilk scours. Thiscondition usually
occurs in orphan calves fed various
types of milk replacer. Nutritional
scours is caused by fermentation of
excess milk in the gut. Calves fed
great amounts of milk with long in
tervals between feedings are most
susceptible.
The second type of scours is
caused by infectious agents. Factors
that increase the chance of a calf
contracting scours are: (1) dystocia,
or difficult birth; 2) poor nutrition of
the dam; 3) poor health of the dam; 4)
poor mothering ability and 5) others.
Viral or bacterial infections affect
the digestive cells lining the intesti
nal tract by destroying them. Damage
to the intestines can be repaired if the
calf survives.
With both types of scours the usual
cause of death is tremendous fluid
and electrolyte loss leading to severe
dehydration and acidosis. While di
arrhea is the main sip of scours, also
look for dryness of the mouth, loss of
skin elasticity, sinking of the eyes
into their sockets and the extremities
being colder than the body. As the
to reduce fuel
-Furnace size: The blower on the
furnace should run almost continu
ously on a very cold day. If not, the
furnace may be too large. This is
frequently the case if a home was
insulated after the f umacc was in
stalled. An oversized furnace or burner
wastes fuel. I lave the utility company
or heating contractor test the system
and offer advice if the size of the
furnace burner can be reduced. If the
furnace runs constantly on a cold
day, yet the home docs not warm up
to the thermostat setting, the furnace
is cither too small or not operating
properly. Get professional help or
advice.
I leating due ts and piping: Inspect
heating ducts annually tor leaks and
repair them with a quality duct tape.
Heating ducts and water or steam
pipes that pxss through unhealed ar
eas (attics, crawl spaces and base
ments) should be covered with duct
insulation or unfaccd R-ll insulat
ing baits or blankets. If the ducts arc
used for air conditioning as well as
heat, use faced insulation and place
the vapor barrier on the outside to
again by trees, grass, and other plants.
This is nature's way of composting-and-rccycling.
Why compost? You can help the
composting cycle work even better
than it docs in nature. The organic
wastes you put back into the envi
ronment can be used by other living
things. This way, instead of going to
a landfill or garbage-burning plant,
your wastes become valuable re
sources. Reasons to compost: Yard waste
and food scraps make up 20 to 30
percent of garbage! Many landfills
are filling up and closing. Finding
places to put garbage is a big problem.
By composting yard and kitchen
wastes, you send less garbage to
landfills.
Herbs easily gardened indoors
You don't have to be a mystic to
be a successful herb gardener. The
only requirements are a little sun and
some patience to go with it. A sunny
window sill is easily transformed into
a herbal mini-garden.
"Basil, chervil, savory and thyme
can all be grown in small flower pots
or a window box, and snipped as
needed to add the finishing touch to
a saucer soup, or salad," says Ray
McNcilan, Oregon State University
Extension home gardening agent.
Basil planted from seed will ger
minate in about 1 2 days. Chervil ger
minates from seed in 12-14 days.
Other herbs, such as thyme, arc best
started from an already growing plant,
and chives should be started from a
Fall is the perfect time to plant perennials
Many gardeners like flowers they
can enjoy with a minimum of care. If
you fall in this category try a fall
planting of perennial flowers.
Fall is the perfect time to plant
healthy, well-grown, tough varieties
of perennials, says Ray
McNcilan .Oregon State University
(OSU) Extension home gardening
agent. The ground will stay warm
long enough to promote root growth,
giving the plants a head start next
spring.
Perennial flowers come back year
after year with beautiful foliage and
flowers. And, they will stay beauti
ful with a minimum of care once they
are sited in the right amount of sun
light and within reasonably fertile
situation advances, the calf will be
come depressed and weaker, may be
unable to stand, lose their sucking
ability and body temperature drops.
If left untreated, the calf will even
tually go into a coma and shock and
eventually die. Use caution when
handling infected calves. There is a
risk of disease being passed to humans
who handle calves with scours.
Thoroughly wash hands after han
dling these sick animals.
Treatment of scours includes the
administering of electrolyte fluids as
soon as possible after signs of scours.
Your veterinarian can help you
choose the products and volume to
be given to treat your calf. Re
searchers and veterinarians now be
lieve that oral antibiotics may be
detrimental to the animal. Therefore
they should be used with caution.
There are three basics to the pre
vention of calf scours. The first of
these is providing adequate nutrition
to the dam prior to calving. This
allows the calf the greatest chance of
resisting environmental stress and
disease and ensures the proper level
of antibody levels as soon as 24 hours
after calving.
Secondly, precalving vaccination
can reduce the possibility of scours.
This method would be recommended
if there has been a herd history of
scours. Calves born in open country
are less likely to contract scours than
those born in confinement.
A third method of reducing the
incidence of scours is to maintain a
bills by 20
prevent condensation on the duct.
Radiators and registers: Dust on
radiators, baseboard heating units or
in ducts acts as insulation and wastes
heat. Vacuum regularly.
Heat management: Concentrate
heat where you need it: living areas,
bathroom and study areas. Lower
temperatures in the kitchen, bed
rooms and less active areas. If the
home is equipped with zone heating
(more than one thermostat), reduce
the temperature in these areas.
Adjust hot air registers or the con
trot louvers on hot-water baseboard
systems to satisfy heating needs. If
you registers are not adjustable,
consider replacing them. Don't block
air inlets and outlets, including ra
diators, with furniture, drapes, or
clothing.
Bleed air Hot water system ra
diators should be bled annually as
follows: open each radiator valve,
hold cup under it, and keep it there
until water comes out. Do not drain
the watcn you only need to remove
the air, which inhibits water circula
tion. -Chimneys and flues: Chimneys,
flues, and flashing should be in
spected each fall for loose bricks and
mortar, cracked linings, and leaks.
Prompt repairs should be made, be
cause safety is of primary concern.
Tips for interpersonal conflict given
Following are helpful hints in
doing interpersonal conflict con
structively. AVOID these habits:
1. Refusing to take the conflict
seriously by sneering, scoffing, or
smiling when the other party is ob
viously distressed.
2. Giving them the "silent treat
ment" by walking away, falling
asleep, or withdrawing into silence.
3. Bringing up all of the old hurts
even when they have nothing to do
with the present situation.
4. Attacking the person of the other
party by name-calling or character
clump of bulbs.
"Sage, lemon balm and rosemary
can be grown from stem cuttings,"
McNeilan says. Take the latest
growth or the upper part of older
stems. Cut them into three or four
sections, making sure each section
contains leaves or leaf buds near the
upper end. Insert one-half to two
thirds of their length into a box or
bowl filled with four or five inches of
clean moist sand.
Cover the plants with glass,
leaving a half-inch opening for ven
tilation. Shade the plants on sunny
days.
Roots should develop in two
weeks, and within four to six weeks
the cuttings should be ready to pot.
and well-drained soil, McNcilan says.
A few perennials, like Coreopsis,
or Gaillardia, when grown in full
sun, will bloom nearly all summer.
Most perennials, however, bloom at
a certain time and then provide foli
age for the rest of the season. Add
interest to your garden by selecting
plants with different bloom periods.
For example, "Basket of Gold"
Allysum, along with the white-flowered
Candytuft, and spring flowering
Phalox, gives a cheery look to the
yard in early spring. In late spring
Peony becomes a show-stopper and
it's glossy flowers give way to green,
shrub-like foliage. Campanula,
Brunnera (forget-me-not), and Coral
bells provide color in early summer.
clean calving environment. The more
confining the calving environment,
the greater the risk that calves will
become susceptible to scours. In
confined areas, keep the cows udder
clean, especially after birth and be
fore the first nursing. Keep the area
clean and as dry as possible. Finally,
turn the pair out to a more open space
as soon as possible.
Two detailed publications written
by Dr. Hansen are available from the
Warm Springs Extension Office. The
first is titled Causes and Treatments
of Calf Scours and the second is
Preventing Calf Scours. Please feel
free to stop by the office and pick up
a copy of these publications.
Weekly fact sheet:
Commodity Trends
The Extension Service of Oregon
State University puts out a weekly
fact sheet called Commodity Trends.
This informational sheet is packed
full of current supply, demand and
price trends for Western U.S. agri
culture. From current livestock prices
to up to date vegetable, feed and
grain prices.
Annual subscription cost to Com
modity Trends is $32. You can mail
your check to: Market News, Oregon
State University, Ballard Extension
Hall213,CorvalIis, OR 97331-3601.
You are welcome to stop by the Warm
Springs Extension Office if you
would like to preview a copy of this
fact sheet
4-H volunteers
The partnership of volunteers
working with Oregon State Univer
sity specialists and agents make Ex
tension what it is; says Gloria 0.
Shiblcy.
Although it's the Extension Ser
vice mission to extend information
from OSU to the people of Oregon,
"We couldn't give all the individuals
and families the information they
need each year without volunteers,
according to Ms. Shiblcy.
An estimated 510 volunteers help
4-H offers family
4-H has been doing it all along.
It's true, 4-H is concerned about
preparing youth to be contributing
adults. But, of perhaps greater im
portance is preparing youth to handle
assassination.
5. Second guessing the other
person by speaking for himher or
telling himher what heshe means.
6. Blackmailing them by with
holding affection, approval, rccog
nition.or anything which makes their
life easier or more pleasant.
DEVELOP these habits:
1. Programming conflicts at spe
cial limes so they can be private and
allow plenty of lime to handle feel
ings. 2. Encouraging one another to ex
press the positive feelings you have
tor each other, what you appreciate
about the relationship.
3. Encouraging one another to be
able to give full expression to the
negative feelings toward one another
in this situation without fixing blame.
4. Restating in your own words
what you thought the other party
said; checking out assumptions
carefully.
5. Accepting honest feedback
thoughtfully.
6. Dealing with behaviors, not
personalities.
7. Taking responsibility for your
role in the conflict;
8. Striving for a winwin solution.
Remember: conflict can be cre
ative. It is difficult, to be sure, but
with both partners working con
structively, the outcome can be a
more rewarding and authentic rela
tionship. As late summer sunlight intensi
fies, some of the brightest colors
show on Yarrow, Daylily, Rudbcckia
and Oenothera (Evening Primrose).
In late summer, Scdum (Autumn
Joy) takes center stage, along with
Sage and Statice (may not be a pe
rennial plant in all areas of Oregon).
Coming as a delightful surprise arc
the upside-down blossoms of hardy
Cyclamen and the pastel flowers of
fall Crocus.
By the time fall rains begin, Rud
bcckia is a mass of chocolate-brown
buttons waving stiffly in the cold
wind, Yarrow foliage is silver with
frost, and the Peony foliage has turned
to amber, ready to drop and mulch
protect the plant's crown, McNeilan
says. Candytuft is as green as ever,
bracing for the winter, he adds.
Get ready for that show of land
scape color next year by planting
your perennial flower garden now.
Add a little salad
Mediterranean meatball salad
legg
13 cup plain yogurt
34 cup soft bread crumbs ( 1 slice)
14 tsp. ground allspice
1 lb. lean ground beef or ground
lamb
6 cups torn romaine
1 l2cupschcrrytomatoes,halved
1 cup sliced radishes
12 cup sliced green onion
1 can (2 14 ounce) sliced pitted
ripe olives, drained
13 cup salad oil
14 cup lemon juice
1 tsp. dried mint, crushed
14 cup crumbled feta cheese
In a large mixing bowl beat egg;
stir in yogurt. Stir in bread crumbs,
allspice, and 12 teaspoon salt. Add
ground beef and mix well. Shape
mixture into 1 inch meatballs. Place
meatballs in a 15x10x1 inch baking
pan.
Bake, uncovered, in a 350" oven
for IS minutes or until meat is no
longer pink. Remove meatballs from
pan and drain on paper towels. Cool
meatballs slightly.
Meanwhile, in a very large salad
bowl combine romaine, tomatoes,
radishes, onion, and olives. Cover
and chill while preparing dressing.
For dressing, in a screw-top jar
combine oil, lemon juice, and mint
Cover and shake well. To serve, add
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Offico
1131 Paiuto Street
553-3238
make the program
with Linn County Extension pro
grams each year, giving about 7,600
hours. At the rate of So an hour, the
donated time is valued at more than
$60,000. Although $8 may seem high,
volunteers are filling more respon
sible roles through the increasing
number of master volunteer pro
grams. We sec increased training efforts
for volunteers as a trend in Extension
to make the partnership more valu
able. oriented program
the complicated choices they face
while they are growing up.
Wailing to fix things until after
they arc broken is always expensive.
Using this approach with young
people is a tragedy. It impacts a
community deeply and depletes it of
both human and capital resources.
4-H prevents things from break
ing by offering a Family Oriented
Program which Builds Positive Sclf
Estccm through Teaching Career
Skills and Community Service.
These concepts arc getting a lotof
attention these days, but we are proud
to say 4-H has been doing it all along.
What to do when
overstressed
Stress is normal and can be an
excellent motivator, but it can get out
of hand.
Ruth Harmclink, OSU Extension
family life specialist, says one way
to deal with stress is to recognize the
signsof ovcrstrcss such as an increase
in minor illness, sleeping problems,
constant fatigue, irritability, con
tinual complaining and tension, and
pessimism.
When you are overstressed, stop
and find a quiet hour to yourself.
Look at your schedule for the next
few weeks. What tasks could you
give up, delegate, or simplify, asks
Harmclink.
Discuss the situation with your
family. You could say, "I'm getting
close to the end of my rope. I don't
want to get sick or blow up. Do you
have any idea for taking the pressure
off the next few weeks?" Harmelink
urges.
Then listen to their ideas. They
may be very creative. Maybe your
eight-year-old would just as soon eat
sandwiches for supper for the next
week. That would simplify shopping,
cooking, and cleanup.
Stress
management
Juggling many roles often leads
to role overload. Being an employed
worker, homemaker, parent, spouse,
care giver, and volunteer 4-H leader
is very demanding. Having high self
esteem becomes a key tool in manag
ing the stress of overload. It gives us
the tools to "roll with the punches,"
managing ourpriorities and standards
of these many roles.
Ruth Harmelink, OSU Extension
Human Development Specialist of
fers some suggestions for enhancing
personal self-esteem.
Speak up for yourself, remember
your opinion is valid.
Believe in yourself.
Be proud of yourself, talk to
yourself about your pride.
variety to a meal
meatballs to salad mixture. Shake
dressing again and pour over salad
mixture. Toss lightly. Sprinkle salad
with feta cheese. Makes 6 main-dish
servings.
Layered garden vegetable salad
1 medium head lettuce, torn into
pieces (6 cups)
1 package (10 oz.), frozen peas,
thawed
2 cups thinly sliced cauliflower
flowerets
1 cup shredded carrot
2 cups cherry tomatoes, halved
1 cup shredded Mozzarclla cheese
(4 ounces)
1 cup plain yogurt
34 cup mayonnaise or salad
dressing
2 Tbsp. sliced green onion
Paprika
In a large glass bowl place half of
the torn lettuce. Layer the peas, cau
liflower, and carrot on top of lettuce
layer. Add the remaining torn lettuce
and cherry tomato halves; sprinkle
with shredded Mozzarclla cheese.
In a mixing bowl stir together
yogurt and mayonnaise; spread over
top of salad. Cover and chill several
hours or overnight before serving.
Before serving, sprinkle top of
salad with the sliced green onion and
a little paprika; toss salad thoroughly.
Makes 12 side-dish servings.
i