Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
September 18, 1992 PAGE 7
Range experiment in Warm Springs seeks to restore native plants
If Lcc Eddlcman'i theory proves
correct, over the next five years he'll
have plenty of visitors both two
legged and four-legged to his cen
tral Oregon test plots.
; A rangcland resources specialist
with the Oregon State University
(OSU) Agricultural Experiment
Station, Eddlcman is beginning a
five-year experiment to restore the
biodiversit y,of native grasses, forbs
(broad-leaved, flowering plants) and
shrubs to the south slopes of the
Mutton Mountains on the Warm
Springs Indian Reservation,
i Vegetation in the test area consists
of a juniper tree cover over an annual
grass called medusahcad two ag
gressive species growing in clay soil.
"If we are successful at rehabili
tating they; test plots the return of
native grassspccicswillattractcvcry
grazing animal in the area,
Eddlcman said. "Consequently, all
of our test plots will be fenced."
A cooperative effort funded joindy
by the State Regional Strategics Pro
gram, the Confederated Tribes of
Warm Springs.and Jefferson County,
Eddlcmon'sexpcrimcnts will involve
a variety of treatments over seven
one-acre demonstration plots, as well
as treatments over some 100 smaller
research plots where meticulous
measurements will be made.
Visitors to the area can view the
one-acre plots and judge for them
selves the effectiveness of the treat
ments. If successful, such rehabili
tation methods could be expanded
into nearby rangcland.
"Returning some of the natural
biodiversity to this area would also
be of benefit to the rancher,"
Eddlcman said. "If the" rancher has
medusahcad for forage, at most there.
Students and
If your business is marketing food
products worldwide, where do you
turn to find a source of new formulas,
bright ideas and creative researchers?
C Mclchers and Company, an in
ternational firm that markets flavors,
fragrances and essential oils, have
turned to the food science and tech
nology students at Oregon State Uni
versity (pSU).
"We are thrilled about the success
of our mutual Product Development
Program at OSU," said Michael S.
Abrams, vice president of sales and
marketing at C. Melchers and Co.
"Students completing the Product
Development Research course should
make strong candidates for technical
careers with the food industry. The
newly formulated food products
which each student presented to our
company tasted terrific."
Abrams and two OSU professors,
Mina McDaniel and Ron Wrolstad
of the Department of Food Science
and Technology, have created a senior-level
class (FST 401) where
students form research teams to de
velop food products. Recent projects
by the class included formulating a
flavored non-dairy coffee creamer
and soft drinks with flavors like
chocolate-coffee, black current,
kirsabery and jostaberry.
According to Abrams, C.
Melchers and Co. with head offices
inBremen.Germany.andU.S.offices
in San Francisco has marketed their
food flavors to U.S. food companies
for eleven years. Part of the
company's sales strategy, Abrams
said, is to present customers with a
food product formula that includes a
Melchers flavor as an ingredient.
After two successful terms of col
laboration, formulas developed by
OSU students are now a part of the
company's promotional efforts - such
as their booth at this year's Institute
of Food Technology (IFT) Trade
Show in New Orleans, where 16,000
attendees were offered samples of a
coffee-flavored soft drink developed
by an OSU undergraduate research
team.
Facts about
French soldiers, during World War
I, dubbed body lice "cooties." The
name stuck and has been used in
nursery rhymes, poems and even the
name for a once popular children's
game. It is, however, the head louse
(plural: lice) that causes so much
consternation among teachers, par
ents and kids today.
It seems like every year we get a
few calls (usually from elementary
school teachers) asking about lice.
Here are a few facts:
There are three different lice
that affect people - head lice, body
lice and crab or pubic lice. All are
blood-feeders. Bites cause intense
itching, and in some, allergic reac
tions of the skin. Scratching can lead
to secondary infections, as well, when
bacteria are scratched into the skin.
Lice can transmit some pretty nasty
diseases, like typhus, but this is rare
today in the industrialized countries.
The head louse is most com
monly found in the hair above ears
and on the back of the scalp. It
measures about 18 inch long. The
socioeconomic group or income level
of the family is not an important
factor in determining incidence of
head lice anyone can get them. In
general, small children are more
susceptible than adults, girls are
slightly more susceptible than boys.
would be 100 to 200 pounds per acre
produced each year. I lowc vcr, yields
of 400 to 700 pounds per acre are
possible with a forage of native
shrubs, forbs and perennial grasses,
such as squirrcltail grass and West
cm and blucbunch wheatgrass."
Over the past century, juniper
densities have steadily increased
across Central and Eastern Oregon
rangcland. The cause of this increase,
Eddlcman said, is probably a com
bination of three factors: a slight
climatic shift, overgrazing and the
reduction of wildfires.
Previously limited to areas un
touched by wildfire, juniper en
croachment has become widespread.
According to Eddlcman, rangeland
dominated by juniper and
medusahcad a grass species native
to Portugal and Spain and probably
brought to this country around the
turn of the century is some of the
most difficult to rehabilitate.
"I would estimate the odds are
only 50-50 of finding a successful
treatment on these sites," Eddlcman
said. "Additionally, these plots are
situated across a south-facing slope
with a clay-type soil, making them
even more difficult to work with in
terms of getting new plants estab
lished. It ; so tad that sagebrush
can't even get a foothold here.
"By applying state-of-the-art re
habilitation techniques to one of the
worst scenarios in this part of Oregon,
I hope to provide some guidelines for
restoring ihc water and nutrient cycles
so that the whole ecosystem can be
gin to function again," Eddlcman
said.
Current methods for treating juni
per woodlands in Central and East
companies benefit from new OSU class
"The names of the students who
developed these formulas appear on
all successful product formula and
procedure sheets," Abrams said,
"We've agreed to make thcircrcati ve
efforts a permanent part of our
product literature. Samples of these
documents, plus a strong letter of
recommendation from us, can be
added to a student's portfolio and
makes a great reference."
McDaniel and Wrolstad consider
the class very good preparation for
students seeking employment in the
food industry.
"There has been an increased in
terest in food product development
among Northwest companies, and
our graduates are finding employ
ment in these industries." McDaniel
said. "The practical aspects of this
class are invaluable. Students are
required to work independently and
keep track of all their laboratory data.
They own their projects and take
great pride in them."
"Class enrollment each term is
capped at five because the projects
are quite involved and include library
research, weekly conferences, lo
cating a source for the food-grade
ingredients, lab experiments, and a
written and oral final presentation,"
Wrolstad said.
"Students can take individual
courses in statistics, food composition
and processing, and do projects in
the sensory lab, but they don't get
many opportunities to integrate their
experience. Becoming a team leader
on a product development research
project requires them to integrate and
apply their knowledge."
As a part of the joint program
between Melchers and OS U, Abrams
visits the campus at the beginning of
each term to discuss projects and
products with McDaniel and
Wrolstad. He returns at the end of the
term to attend the oral presentations
that are required for each project.
A graduate of the course, Pam
Hartwig, said that the experience was
very worthwhile and that she defi
nitely would use the Melchers ref
head, body and crab lice
and whites are more susceptible than
blacks. The chance of a head lice
infestation goes up in schools where
(principals please take note): locker
and coat hooks are shared, not as
signed. Head lice are spread by people
to people contact and sharing of
personal items like combs, hair
brushes, etc. The mostjmportant sign
of a lice infestation is the presence of
"nits" (eggs) attached to hairs.
Unlike the head louse, body lice
spend much of their time on clothing,
usually in areas where the cloth is in
contact with the body. Eggs are laid
on clothing as well. They generally
occur in crowded, unsanitary condi
tions. Body lice are slightly smaller
than head lice (about 17 inch long)
but otherwise almost identical in
appearance. Body lice are uncommon
in most of the U.S. population.
As the name suggests crab lice
look superficially like tiny crabs with
their enlarged second and third pairs
of legs. It's other common name, the
pubic louse, also -suggestive of
where it lives - in the pubic area but
it can spread to the chest, armpits,
and even eyebrows. As with other
Jice, people to people contact is the
most common means of transmission.
There is no evidence that lice are
involved in the transmission of ve
nereal diseases, inebding aids.
ern Oregon often consist of cutting
down the trees, leaving them whole
and then burning the site three or four
yean later. Eddlcman'i treatments
will compare the effectiveness of this
approach with several others. Ex
periments will include combinations
such as "undcrburning" the
medusahcad, broadcast seeding, soil
surface disturbance, cutting and
limbing the junipers and scattering
the slash.
Eddlcman'i theory is that the
scattered, unbumed slosh will serve
the same function as a lath-house,
providing protective shade for seed
ings. And, as the slash decays, it will
also provide valuable nutrients that
would otherwise go up in smoke.
"We know from fire studies that
we can reduce the number of seeds
from annual grasses by burning at
the proper time," Eddlcman said.
"That gives us a brief period when
medusahcad populations will be low.
We also know that we can chango
soil temperature and soil water con
ditions by cutting the juniper and
scattering the slash. And we know
that we can establish populations of
native grasses and forbs by dragging
and broadcast seeding.
"Once we've got the vegetation
re-established and once we've got
good grazing management, then we
can begin to look at fire cycles,"
Eddlcman said. "If we're successful
and I think we may be it will be
without huge mechanical inputs, such
as burning done in combination with
plowing and seed drilling."
Baseline data on all vegetation is
currently being gathered at the re
search sites. Treatments and moni
toring will begin in the fall of this
year.
erence as a part of her portfolio.
"Mr. Abrams has brought along
the president of Mclcher's American
division with him to the presenta
tions," Hartwig said. "Company of
ficials from Germany - like their di
rector of research - have also par
ticipated in some of the other pre
sentations. The class was a great
experience."
According to McDaniel, Melchers
has made financial contributions to
the Department of Food Science and
Technology and both parties consider
OSU develops
The U.S. Department of Defense
is looking for a few good fish and it
has hired Oregon State University
(OSU) to find them.
The Department of Defense is
concerned about possible water con
tamination produced by munitions
manufacturing plants. It wants to use
fish to detect possible cancer-causing
substances before humans are
harmed, according to Jerry Hendricks
and George Bailey of OSU's food
science and technology deportment.
The defense department is fund
ing a five-year project started by
Hendricks, an animal pathologist and
fish tumor pathology expert, and
Bailey, a biochemist. The goal is to
determine whether a minnow-sized
creature called the zebra fish is the
needed sentinel.
Currently, the defense department
uses a smail, brown colored fresh
water fish called the Japanese Mcdaka
to test the toxicity of ground and
surface water in such areas. However,
no one species of fish responds to all
carcinogens (cancer-causing sub
stances), so the Army says it needs
another test fish.
A group of researchers led by the
two OSU professors is studying the
types of carcinogens zebia fish re
spond to, what tumors the fish de
velop and whether the tumors are
malignant or benign.
Hendricks and Bailey aren't new
CONTROL OF LICE
Lice can not survive off their hosts
(us) for long, so area treatments with
insecticide are not useful. Control of
head lice generally requires the use
of over the counter shampoo prepa
rations that contain insecticides.
Lindane was once the insecticide of
choice and was only available by
prescription. Today, Lindane has
been replaced by much safer materials
that can be purchased without pre-
scription. Be sure to follow instruc
tions completely or else the products
may not be effective. Bedding and
clothing from infested individuals
should be machine washed, sepa
rately, in hot water and dried under
high heat (if possible). It is common
for family members of infested school
children to become infested.
Body lice are generally only a
problem (in this country, at least)
among those who wear the same
clothing more or less constantly,
without washing them. Body lice are
more common during winter months
and among the poor and homeless.
Body lice infestations can generally
be stopped by bathing and cleaning
of clothes.
Crab or pubic lice are generally
treated with prescription or over the
counter lotions. Medical attention is
recommended for this condition see
a physician.
"Success with these test plots will
be a first step," Eddlcman said. "But
broader rangcland rehabilitation ef
forts can't succeed without institut
ing grazing management controls to
maintain the native species. If we
don't institute proper grazing man
agement controls, we're wasting our
lime and money, and we'll end up
with the land in worse condition than
before the treatment."
Local girls participate in Style
A group of very special young
ladies have discovered they are
unique, each in their own way about
their Indian culture and their regalia.
They participated in the Sty Ic Review
in two County Fairs and the State
Fair in Salem, Oregon. They also
modeled their Indian regalia and then
demonstrated the Indian dance that
goes with that regalia.
These are their names and the
regalia they wore: Tama Langncsc,
Traditional; Bucky Smith, Tradi
tional; Ida George, Traditional;
4-H pledge has meaning
Usually, the 4-II pledge is said at
the opening of a 4-H meeting.
Members should do more than
"mouth" the words. In repeating the
pledge, raise the right hand to the
forehead when speaking line one,
place right hand over the heart when
speaking line two, when saying line
three, extend hands with palms up
ward and drop hands at the sides for
the remainder.
Involve members in the discussion
the program to be long term.
"Mike Abrams has been very un
derstanding of the department's aca
demic standards," McDaniel said.
"These projects, of course, require
more time for us to complete than
they would take in an industry setting
- much of our equipment is pilotscalc
and takes longer to use. We were
doing carbonization experiments last
term, for example, and, coated the
wall with soft drink. But each step
can be a learning opportunity for the
students."
warning system
to the study of tumor development in
fish. For more than 15 years they've
used rainbow trout in cancer research,
looking at the ability of substances in
some foods to inhibit cancer.
"A lot of the work that we ' ve done
with trout, we can make modifica
tions on and use as a springboard
for our zebra fish work," Hendricks
said.
First of the cancer-causing com
pounds tested with zebra fish will be
anatoxin, produced by a mold that
grows on improperly stored com,
peanuts and grains. Although
Hendricks and Bailey do not expect
to find the compound in the waters
around munitions manufacturing
sites, they have experience with the
material and say it provides a good
starting point in evaluating zebra fish
as a test animal.
"Derivatives of TNT explosives
are carcinogenic and those are the
agents the Army has primary con
cerns about. So ultimately we'll get
to the testing of those," Bailey said.
Otherpartsof the zebra fish project
will try to identify the genes involved
when the fish develops cancer.
Learning about oncogenes (cancer-causing
genes) in fish has pro
vided a foundation, at the molecular
level, for comparing carcinogens in
fish, humans and rats, Bailey ex
plained. "We've learned a lot about
oncogenes in fish," he said. "The
same genes that seem to go awry in
rodents and in humans are also going
awry in trout when they are exposed
to cancer-causing agents. Cancer is
cancer, is what we're finding out at
the molecular level."
Specialist to teach weatherization
These cold days and nights re
mind us that colder days are ahead.
And cold weather means high heat
ing bills.
You can save lots of money on
fuel costs, if you prepare your home
for the long months ahead. Weath
erizing your home will add comfort
and save you money. But you don't
want to wait until the icicles are
hanging from the eaves before you
begin.
On September 28 Tom Wykes,
Central Oregon energy specialist for
the OSU Extension Service will be in
Warm Springs to show the newest
ways to fix up your home to save you
money. He'll show the tools and sup
plies that you need to buy or borrow
Prevent wrinkles
Even today's "miracle" perma
nent press fabrics will wrinkle if not
cleaned properly. Some tips:
-Avoid overloading the washing
machine; clothes should move freely.
-Set the washer for warm (or per
lit
Rcanna Charley, Jingle; Shccna
Stevens, Traditional; Estomina
Made, Jingle; One Made, Jingle;
Shanina Made, Jingle; Elfrcda Smith,
Jingle; Toshina Smith, Fancy; Shccna
Courtncy.Traditional; Halsic Knouf,
Jingle; Kira Langncsc, Fancy; Chil
dren of Mark and Kate Jackson, all
three wore traditional regalia; Ivy
Wallulatum, Traditional; Shana
McConvillc, Fancy; Mcrima Made,
Traditional; Brcanna Knouf, Tradi
tional. and meaning of the pledge. This will
help assure that when your members
give the pledge, it will be said with
meaning, understanding, and pur
pose. Look at the pledge and its
meaning by examining some key
thoughts under each "H".
I PLEDGE:
My head to clearer thinking
4-H helps you learn to: plan before
you take action; lets you learn things
you can use as an adult; lets you
make decisions.
My heart to greater loyalty
Through 4-H you: make many
friends; learn about trusting and re
specting others; learn about people
who arc different from you; and learn
about values.
My hands to larger service
4-H is: learning by doing; learn
ing to complete tasks; serving your
community; helping others.
My health to better living
4-H encourages activities that are
fun and healthy; teaches about pro
tecting the environment; and pro
motes wise use of leisure time.
For my club, my community, my
country, and my world
Through 4-H you: learn to be a
good citizen; learn about community
relationships; learn that you are part
of a larger group and that you belong;
and learn about 4-H across the nation
and around the world.
Anti Cancer compounds
promising but need scrutiny
Many chemicals purified from Bailey and colleagues in OSU's .
fruits and vegetables promise to re-
duce the risk of certain cancers. But
some of these are now known to pose
risks, and science needs to tackle the
ticklish question of how to balance
benefits and risks, an Oregon State
University (OSU) researcher said
here August 23.
"Studies of human cancer rates
tell us that fruits and vegetables re
duce our risk of some cancers.
However, when we purify chemicals
from foods they become drugs and
must be studied and regulated as
such," asserted biochemist George
Bailey in an introductory presentation
at the annual meeting of the Ameri
can Chemical Society.
He added that compounds that
inhibit cancer when given to animals
in certain studies can promote or
enhance the process in other types of
experiments.
Though scientists worldwide are
working to quantify the compounds'
benefits and risks, the challenge of
how to balance those benefits and
risks for human good remains rela
tively unexplored, said the scientist.
This year's meeting of the 144,000
member American Chemical Society,
August 23-28 at the Carlcton Hotel
in Washington, was focused on food
borne chemicals that inhibit cancer.
Bailey and several other scientists
gave invited introductory talks today
to set the stage for more than 4,000
research presentations.
to do the jobs.
The meeting, to be held Septem
ber 28 from 7-9 p.m. at the Com
munity Center, is jointly sponsored
by the Housing Departmcntand OSU
Extension Home Economics De
partment. If you have questions,
contact Norma Simpson, 553-3238
or Arlita Rhoan, 553-3250.
Originally the meeting was in
tended for only the families who will
be buying new homes under the
Mutual Help program. But the tech
niques could be beneficial for many
families in mobile homes as well as
in frame and brickblock houses, so
the meeting is open to the general
public.
with these tips
manent press cycle), not hot water.
-Dry on permanent press setting.
-Remove from dryer quickly; do
not over dry.
-Hang on hanger. Temporary
wrinkles generally "relax" or fall out
in a few hours.
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Offico
1131 Paiuto Street
553-3238
Review at fairs
Dt or parent of each child,
We would like to express our ap
preciation for your splendid talented,
child and their participation in the
county and state fairs in the 4-H Style
Review and the practice session that
were held for the Style Review. A
great big thank you....
Also a big thank you to bus and
van drivers: Ttm and Shervt
Courtney; Art McConville from the
Community Center, who taped the
Style Review of the Jefferson and
Wasco County Fair and State Fair in
Salem. If you would like a copy made,
take a blank video to Art ana he will
copy one for you. A very special
thank you to Toni Made for doing the
Removing paint stains
from clothing
Spring urges us to clean up, fix
' up, and paint If you get paint on your
clothing, remove it as soon as pos
sible, before it dries. After the paint
has dried, say 6 to 8 hours, removal is
very difficult
If it is a latex or water base paint,
soak washable clothing in cold wa
ter. Squeeze the area containing the
paint and repeat soaking and squeez
ing if the paint is coming off. Wash
the clothing in cool water with heavy
duty detergent.
Oil based paint should be treated
with the thinner recommended for
the paint Usually turpentine or alco
hol will work as solvents. Use the
thinner on paint spots until the paint
is softened. It then can be flushed or
rinsed away with additional thinner.
If the fabric can be bleached, chlo
rine bleach may be needed to remove
remaining stain. Wash in cool water
with a liquid heavy duty detergent
Paint that has dried for 6-8 hours
may need to be treated by a clothing
care professional or dry cleaner. They
have more equipment and chemicals
than are available to the average cus
tomer, adds Ardis Koestcr, OSU Ex
tension textiles and clothing special
ist
Department of Food Science and
Technology pioneered the use of
rainbow trout in study of food com
pounds that inhibit or promote can
cer. He is a member of a revjew panel
that makes recommendations to the
National Institutes of Health on grant
applications for biochemical re
search. Studies around the world, Bailey
said, have revealed that minerals,
vitamins and othcrchcmicals in plants
such as carrots, broccoli and cauli
flower can have an inhibitory effect
on one or more phases of the cancer
process.
To date, most cancer inhibition
studies have focused on individual
purified compounds, he said. Re
search into the effects of mixing
compounds and the effects of food
processing 'has been minimal. He
urged scientists at the meeting to
conduct research in the latter areas.
According to Bailey, another
promising area is the study of food
compounds that, rather than inhibit
ing the beginning of the cancer pro
cess, suppress tumor growth or
metastasis (the way a cancer spreads
in the body).
Agriculture-related studies also
holds promise, said Bailey, who con
ducts research for Oregon's Agricul
tural Experiment Station.
"A great deal of attention is being
given to the possibility of creating
transgenic plants (plants with genes
from other plants) to selectively in
crease the beneficial substances in
natural foods. The potential is very
exciting."
Fresh Basil and
pepper potato salad
3 medium potatoes
1 cup plain yogurt
2 Tbsp. snipped fresh parsley or
12 tsp. dried parsley flakes
1 Tbsp. snipped fresh basil or 1
tsp. dried basil, crushed
1 Tbsp. sliced green onion
12 tsp. salt
several dashes of pepper
12 cup frozen peas
12 cup chopped sweet red or green
pepper
In a covered saucepan cook pota
toes in boiling salted water for 25 to
30 minutes or until tender, drain.
Cool. If desired, peel potatoes. Cube
potatoes.
In a large mixing bowl combine
yogurt, parsley, basil, sliced green
onion, salt and pepper. Add cubed
potatoes, frozen peas, and chopped
pepper to yogurt mixture; stir lightly
to coat Cover; chill several hours
before serving. Makes 4 or 5 side
dish servings.