SpilyayTymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
August 21, 1992 Page 7
Positive self image important in weight loss program
Ovcrwcichl twonle are ai ri-dc for
diabetes, high blood pressure, coro
nary heart disease, some types of
cancer and gall bladder disease.
Because the usual solution is to
reduce the amount of calorics con
sumed, a new weight loss diet be
comes popular every month or two.
While diets can effectively reduce
weight, thev often fail because the
individual fails to maintain the loss.
Recently exercise has become the
"in" way to lose weight. You can
reduce the fat stored in the body if
you increase the number of calorics
used each day. Another popular
strategy is behavior modification, or
working of habits, Lewis observes.
"Another way to approach the
overweight problem is to promote
positive feelings about yourself. If
you feel good aoout you as a person,
you are less likely to seek comfort in
food," the specialist observes.
Lewis offers some things to think
about to help buil3 a positive image.
Set a realistic goal. You must know
your body type and accept its limita
tions. If you nave a large frame, you
will never be model slim. Set a re
alistic goal-of being fit and healthy
instead of the unrealistic goal of
looking like a fashion model.
Lcam to know and like yourself.
Recognize your strengths and abili
ties and work on developing them.
As you lcam skills or accomplish
goals, you build your positive self
image. Don't substitute food for love and
companionship. Find some pleasant
alternatives to food, perhaps volun
teering to help youth, the elderly or
those in need, learning a skill that
uses your creativity, or reading those
magazines or books you never seem
to have lime to read. The secret is to
have a plan, a list of things to do and
what you need to do those things.
Then when the urge to cat hits, you
have a satisfying substitute activity.
Duild satisfying relationships with
family and friends. Time spent in
letter writing, learning about family
history, and getting to know indi
viduals are activities that satisfy
others as well as yourself.
Get help with problems you can't
cope with yourself. Medical help,
counseling from professionals, or
groups that focus on weight manage
ment can give you tho support you
need to get over those hard times that
everyone experiences.
"Going on a diet will not solve
overweight; if it did, no one would be
overweight. Think about an approach
thatinvolvesmodcratecalorie in take,
exercise, and a positive feeling about
yourself," Lewis urges.
w
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Office
1131 Paiuto Street
553-3238
Hot weather hard on landscape plants
Hot August weather increases the
water needs of garden and landscape
plants, especially ornamental plants
in their first year of growth.
When water isn't readily avail
able to ornamental or vegetable plants
on hot days, the plants can become
heat-stressed and may show signs of
willing, says Ray McNcilan, Oregon
State University (OSU) Extension
It is healthy for children to participate in sorrow
Explaining the death of a family
member to a child is difficult, but
sooner or later all children come in
contact with death. It's important
that someone in the family be pre
pared to explain it.
To be of real help, adults must
face death realistically themselves.
A parent who tries to hide grief for
the supposed sake of the child is not
helping the child.
it's healthy for a child to partici
pate in family sorrow and to see a
parent's grief, says Vicki Schmall,
Oregon State University Extension
gerontology specialist. It's difficult
to see a parent feeling sad, but far
more distressing for a child to see
parents display a "business as usual'
attitude when they arc hurting inside.
You need to be clear in what you
say, Schmall advises. Children who
arc told "grandma has gone to sleep,"
may be afraid of going to sleep, fear
ing they may never wake up.
If you tell children that relative
has "just gone away," they will often
feel that they have been deserted.
If a relative dies in the hospital,
some children fear that anyone who
goes to the hospital will never come
back. To say someone died because
he or she was ill may cause undo
worry for children the next lime they
become ill.
Although there is no easy, fool-
Help children to deal with stress
Some stress is a normal part of
growing and living, but children need
help in learning how to deal with
stress.
Ruth Harmclink, OSU Extension
family life specialist, points that you
can help your child cope with the
pressures of childhood by using the
following techniques:
Think of how you react to stress.
Children learn from imitating the ac
tions of parents and other adults.
You may need to change your way of
dealing with stress.
Try to remember what it was like
to be your child's age. View the
situation on the child's level of un
derstanding. Don't deny, or make
fun of, your child's worries. They're
real and need your attention.
Talk with your child about his or
her concerns and problem behavior.
Tension often reaches the boiling
point when children feel they are
facing stress alone. Knowing they
can talk about their worries helps
relieve some of the pressure.
Tell the truth about family mat
ters and crises. If you don't, the child
may imagine things are worse than
reality.
Involve your child in decision
making and problem-solving. This
gives your child feelings of power
and control. Also, it is training for
solving problems throughout life.
Be generous with hugs, kisses,
and other signs of affection. Your
child needs love and understanding
more than ever during times of stress.
proof way to tell a child about death,
it's important to be truthful and as
gentle as possible, Schmall says.
Very young children up to the
age of five or six simply cannot
understand the finality of death, she
went on. To them death is like going
to sleep, or going away on a trip. So,
they may take the news quite casu
ally at first. Don't be concerned.
Younger children also arc not as
well-rooted in reality as the older
children. Witches, devils and magic
may cxistfor the younger child.Thus,
the child may feel that angry wishes,
such as "I wish you were dead!" have
come true, or "bad" deeds of his or
her own caused the person to die.
Real comprehension usually docs
not seem to begin until the age of
seven or eight, Schmall explains. And
with it can come fear of death itself,
not merely sadness over the loss of a
much-loved person.
Make it clear that all sick people
don't die, Schmall urges. Reassure
children that they are not to blame for
the death. Also, children need to feel
they arc not forgotten in the family's
mourning.
Hot weather ideal for spider mites
Hot and dry summer weather is
ideal for spider mites, tiny pests that
attack many types of ornamental
plants in the home landscape.
Mites feed on plant juices, which
causes the leaves or needles of plants
to tum yellow, dry and fall.
Infested broad leaves may be
cupped downward or become dis
torted. A very light film of webbing
may or may not be found where a
spider mite attack breaks out.
There are several species of m i tes,
but the most common are red spider
mites and two-spotted spider mites.
The mite is too small to be seen
without some sort of magnifying lens.
One way to check for their presence
is to hold a sheet of light-colored
paper under a cluster of possibly in
fested leaves, and strike the branch
sharply. Examine the material that
falls to the paper closely.
, If some of the dust spots begin to
move, you probably have a spider
mite problem.
Washing infested plants periodi
cally with a strong stream of water
will provide some control.
The pesticide Kclthane is also ef
fective. Read the label carefully be
fore using spray materials, McNcilan
advises. Insccticidal soap is an al
ternative control for home land
scapes who choose not to use pes
ticides. Insccticidal soaps are avail
able at garden and nursery stores.
Cattle Resource tour scheduled for Sept
The 7th Central Oregon Cattle
and Resource tour will be held Sat
urday, September 19. This tour will
be visiting the Leslie, Hatfield, and
McCormack Ranches. Focus of the
tour will be to look at how coordinated
efforts with public land agencies,
private land owners, environmental
ist, and other interested individuals
have created cattle management plans
on public and private lands that en
hance all resource uses including:
wildlife, watershed functions, and
endangered plants.
Registration for the tour can be
made at the Crook County Extension
office, Courthouse, Prineville, 97754,
447-6228. Cost is $35 if registration
is made before September 4th and
$40 after the 4th. Registration covers
bus transportation, lunch, and din
ner. The tour leaves Bend Riverside
Motel on September 19 at 8:00 a.m.
and will return by 9:00 p.m. Tour
Sponsors include Extension offices
and Cattlemen Associations in Crook,
Deschutes, and Jefferson counties
and on the Warm Springs Reserva
tion and the Public Land Council.
For more information contact the
Warm Springs Extension office at
553-3238.
home gardening agent In the garden
this can cause inferior quality in har
vested garden vegetables.
Pay particular attention to raised
beds in the garden. They dry out
quickly and should be watered fre
quently. In the landscape heat stress can
weaken plants or in socaa cases cause
effects that won't be noticed until
later.
Forcxamplc.camcllias that aren't
watered adequately during hot spells
will lose their flower buds prema
turely the following spring. The buds
simply drop off the plant. In blue
berry plants, lack of water in late
summer will cause a lack of bud
development in the spring, which in
effect means no blueberry production
from the plant for that season.
Ornamentals in their first year of
firowth are especially vulnerable to
ack of water in the late summer
during hot spells, say s Ray McNcilan.
A young tree or shrub weakened by
lack of water may not survive the
winter in its retarded condition.
Container plants also need extra
attention during hot periods,
McNcilan adds. Soil in containers,
whether large or small, can dry out
quickly in hot weather. Water con
tainer plants when the soil is dry, but
try not to get the soil excessively
soggy. And avoid leaving water
standing on the soil surface.
Needle-drop
comes with age
Needle drop from evergreen trees
in the home landscape may or may
not be a problem depending on how
many needles are involved. A few
needles lost is not cause for alarm. A
lot of needles lost may indicate the
presence of an insect pest or disease
problem.
"Most people expect evergreen
trees to stay green the year round.
Healthy evergreens usually do, but
occasionally in the fall some ever
greens show a little browning," says
Ray McNcilan, Oregon State Uni
versity (OSU) Extension home gar
dening agent.
The browning is due to the dicback
and dropping of some of the plant's
older foliage. This foliage is usually
located in the inner part of the plant.
"If foliage at the tip of new plant
growth becomes brown, then a prob
lem might exist, but the dieback of
older foliage on evergreens is nor
mal," McNcilan says. The foliage
that drops then becomes mulch for
the shrub or tree.
"Needle drop from fir, pine and
spruce trees generally comes with
age," McNcilan notes. "The age a
tree must reach before it begins to
shed needles varies, but all needle
bearing trees eventually start drop
ping a few needles each year."
1992 Summer 4-H Calendar and Fair Dates
August 20-23 Wasco County Fair, theme Is, "Cel
ebration Along the Barlow Road"
August 27-Sept. 7 Oregon State Fair, theme is,
"We're Talkin' Big"
Please call your 4-H Leader to find out It you are
meeting through the summer
New extension agent hired
Joe Franchini, the new OSU Ex
tension agent hired to replace Clay
PcnhoIIow has started to work. Offi
cially his appointment took place
August 17,but to get acquainted with
the Warm Springs 4-H Wilderness
Enrichment Camping Program, Joe
spent three days at Trout Lake as
sisting Arlcnc Boilcau and Carol
Stevens with camp prior to the 1 7th.
If you have an opportunity, give
Joe acall at 553-3238 or stop in at the
OSU Extension office to say wel
come.
Joe will have the lead administra
tive role for the Extension office,
representing Extension in the Edu
cation Branch. In addition, Joe will
have responsibilities in Livestock,
Range, Agriculture, Natural Re
sources, Community Development,
and 4-H youth.
Deep-water plants in home landscape
During summer dry spells make
sure smaller trees and shrubs in the
home landscape get adequate mois
ture by deep-watering. Plants weak
ened by lack of water are more sus
ceptible to insect attack and disease.
Deep-watering trees and shrubs is
simply a matter of watering them for
longer periods during the summer
than at other times of the year, says
Ray McNcilan, Oregon State Uni
versity (OSU) Extension home gar
dening agent. Trees and shrubs in
their first growing season usually
need this type of irrigation more than
most other plants. Less deep-watering
is needed for shallow-rooted plants.
Water travels downward through
the soil, not outward. To keep the
water directly over the plant roots it
sometimes helps to build watering
basins around the trunk of a tree.
Check to see how moist the soil is
below the surface by digging down
with a shovel about a foot and half.
Moist soil at that level means the
roots have sufficient moisture for
vigorous growth.
Heat of fire activates food spoilage
Oregon State Fair......
We're Talkin Big!
Fire! Few words can strike such
terror. Nor is a residential fire an
uncommon occurrence. Some two
million American homes were hit
last year. In the aftermath of fire,
people are left with the unsettling
task of salvaging their lives and be
longings. "Whether it's a house fire or just
a fire in the refrigerator, people try to
save whatever they can-including
food," said Bessie Berry of the U.S.
Department of Agruculture's Meat
and Poultry Hotline.
"But, generally, saving food that's
been in a fire is just not a good idea,"
Berry advised.
Food that's been exposed to fire
can be compromised by three factors
the heat of the fire, smoke fumes and
chemicals used to fight the fire.
Food in cans or jars may appear to
be "okay," but if they've been close
to the heat of the fire, they may no
longer be edible. Why? Heat from
the fire can activate food spoilage
bacteria.
One of the most dangerous ele
ments of a fire is sometimes not the
fire itself, but toxic fumes released
from burning materials. Thosefumes
can kill. They can also contaminate
food.
Any type of food stored in perme
able packaging-cardboard.plastic
wrap.etc.-should be thrown away.
Toxic fumes can penetrate the pack
aging and contaminate the food.
Also discard any raw foods stored
outside the refrigerator, like potatoes
or fruit, which could Decontaminated
by fumes.
Surprisingly, according to Berry,
food that's stored in refrigerators or
freezers can also become contami
nated by fumes.
"We think of the refrigerator seal
as air-tight, but it's usually not Fumes
can get inside," she said.
If food from your refrigerator has
an off-flavor or smell when it's pre
pared, throw it away, Berry advised.
Chemicals used to fight fires also
contain toxic materials and can con
taminate food and cookware.
Foods that are exposed to chemi
cals should be thrown away. The
chemicals cannot be washed off the
food. This includes foods stored at
room temperature, like fruits and
vegetables, as well as foods stored in
permeable containers like cardboard
and screw-topped jars and bottles.
Canned goods and cookware ex
posed to chemicals can be decon
taminated. Wash in a strong detergent
solution and then dip in bleach so
lution (2 teaspoons bleach per quart
of water) for 15 minutes.
For the factshcet for families and
individuals "Are You Ready for a
Fire?" contact your local chapter of
the American Red Cross.
Using oils and soaps in landscape most effective
When overstressed find quiet hour for self
What are landscape pests? Least
toxic means different things to dif
ferent people, but to most it means
pest control using a minimal amount
of synthetic organic pesticides.
Manufacturers have responded to this
demand with a whole raft of new low
toxicity pest control products. In
secticidal soaps & dormant or horti
cultural oils are among the most ef
fective pest control agents in this
new group of products.
Insecticidal soap is a highly re
fined liquid soap (technically the
potassium salt of fatty acids) that is
sometimes combined with citrus oil.
Soaps are normally mixed at 1-2
with water and sprayed onto leaves
to control spider mites, aphids, scale
insects, whiteflies, and other soft
bodied insect and mite pests. Com
mon brand names are: "Safer's In
secticidal Soap" and "Ringer's Aphid
and Mite Attack." Soaps are very
effective when used properly but you
must heed several precautions to
achieve maximum effectiveness:
Mixing water must be properly
conditioned, not too hard or too alka
" line. Use distilled water if at all in
doubt Improperly conditioned water
may cause soaps to bum leaves. Dis
card if solution turns milky white, it
should remain almost clear (slight
milkiness is okay).
Soaps offer no residual activ
ity so frequent reapplication may be
necessary.
Spray in the morningor evening
and coat both leaf surfaces.
Many pests hide on the under
side of leaves where it is difficult to
get good spray coverage.
Do not use homemade soap
solutions. These can be harmful to
leaves and are not as effective as the
highly refined insecticidal soaps.
Oils used in landscape pest control
come in two basic "flavors"; Dormant
oil and Horticultural oil (sometimes
called summer oil). Both types act by
coating the plant surface and any
pests that might be present thus suf
focating them. Target pests are
aphids, mites, scale insects, white
flies, and eggs of a variety caterpil
lars. Dormant oils are meant to be used
mainly on leafless, deciduous plants
in winter because they can burn fo
liage. Treatment of fruit trees in late
winter, for example, can significantly
lower the number of such pest as
aphids and spider mites the follow
ing spring. If used in summer, how
ever, these same oils might defoliate
the tree. Dormant oils tend to be very
gentle on beneficial insects as well.
Horticultural oils are a relatively
new product category. These oils are
more highly refined than dormant
oils thus making them suitable for
use on leaves during the growing
period, provided that reasonable
precautions are taken. They can do
an excellent job of control for many
small pest species. Precautions in
clude: do not apply to water-stressed
plants, apply during cooler parts of
the day, and always test a small
number of new plants.
Both dormant and horticultural
oils are applied in a water solution.
Spray coverage is critical with oils so
be certain that your equipment is in
good working order.
Be sure to read and follow the
pesticide product label. The label is
the final word on what does or does
not constitute a legal and safe application.
Stress is normal and can be an
excellent motivator, but it can get out
of hand.
Extension family life specialist,
says one way to deal with stress is to
recognize the signs of overs tress such
as an increase in minor illness,
sleeping problems, constant fatigue,
irritability, continual complaining
and tension, and pessimism.
When you are overstressed, stop
and find a quiet hour to yourself.
Look at your schedule for the next
few weeks. What tasks could you
give up, delegate, or simplify, asks
Harmelink.
Powderpost beetles destructive of seasoned wood
Extensions medical entomologist,
Dr. Phil Rossignol, says that only
body lice are capable of transmitting
diseases like typhus. Head & crab
lice apparently are not able to trans
mit these disease organisms. Also,
he warns that parents and school
nurses should be very careful when
using lice shampoos and skin lotions.
These products, by themselves, may
cause a rash that can be mistaken for
a louse infestation.
Powderpost beetles are the most
destructive beetle pests of seasoned
wood. The other really important
wood-destroying insects, of course,
are carpenter ants and termites. Their
common name comes from the habit
of reducing sound wood to a very
fine powdcr.often kicked outof small
exit holes when the adult beetles
emerge.Other common names you'll
see are: "deathwatch beetles," "fur
niture beetles," "false powderpost
beetles," "lyctid beetles.
Adult powderpost beetles are quite
small (18 -14), dark brown to black
and cylindrical. Most of their life is
spent as larvae ("grubs") tunneling
in wood. When mature, the larva
pupates to the adult stage which
chews its way outof the wood, leaving
behind a small, circular exit hole.
Males and females then mate, egg
laying occurs on the wood surface
where hatching larvae enter the wood
to begin the cycle all over again. The
complete life cycle (egg-adult-egg)
may be as short as several months or
as long as many years. It depends on
which powderpost beetle you're
talking about (there are hundreds of
species) and the nutritional quality
of the infested wood.
One family of powderpost beedes,
the anobiids, prefers damp wood and
thus is more common in coastal areas
or in situations where wood is allowed
to remain damp. Another group pre
fers seasoned hardwood (like furni
ture) and may require many years to
complete development I have heard
stories of 25-year-old furniture sud
denly developing exit holes (this is
rare but it happens)! Morecommonly,
exit holes begin showing up in trim
wood around cabinets and along
baseboards one to several years after
manufacture.
CONTROL
Kiln drying of wood kills all stages
of powderpost beetles. This question
comes up over and over again. But,
kiln drying by itself does not prevent
wood from becoming infested if it is
exposed to an active powderpost in
festation. We are sometimes asked to
determine where, or when a particular
piece of wood became infested. Most
of the time this is impossible. Many
times it is infestations unless live
beetles are found. An "inactive in
festation" is one in which evidence
of beetles attack is present (such as
exit holes and tunnels) but no live
beetles or larva are found.
Many pestcontrol companies want
to "tent and fumigate" houses with
real or suspected powderpost infes
tations. While it may be effective
under certain circumstances, I don't
generally recommend fumigation for
residential houses. Instead, infested
wood should be removed and re
placed, new and existing wood should
be treated with a residual insecticide
or disodium octaborate tctrahydrate
(BORA CARE or TIM-BOR). These
residual treatments will prevent new
infestation by emerging beetles. Also,
solve any existing moisture problems
before attempting any other treat
ment Finally, I strongly recommend
yearly inspections for powderpost
beetles, carpenter ants and termites
for every wood structure in Oregon
(at least those you want to keep!).
"Discuss the situation with your
family. You could say, "I'm getting
close to the end of my rope. I don't
want to get sick or blow up. Do you
have any ideas for taking the pres
sure off the next few weeks?"
Then listen to their ideas. They
may be very creative. Maybe your
eight-year-old would just as soon eat
sandwiches for supper for the next
week. That would simplify shopping,
cooking, and cleanup.
Oregon Salmon
Salad
2 pints canned salmon
2 cups orange sections
1 avocado
1 Tbsp. lemon juice
1 cup chopped celery
12 cup toasted blanched
slivered almonds
1 12 tsp. curry powder (op
tional) 12 cup mayonnaise or salad
dressing
salad greens
Break salmon into large pieces.
Reserve 12 orange sections for gar
nish cut remaining sections in half.
Cut avocado in half lengthwise and
remove seed. Peel and slice avocado
sprinkle with lemon juice to prevent
discoloration cut remaining slices in
fourths. Combine orange, avocado,
celery, almonds, and salmon. Com
bine curry powder and mayonnaise.
Pour over salmon mixture and blend
lightly. Chill. Serve on salad greens.
Garnish with orange.