May 1,1992 Pake 3
SpilyayTymoo
Warm Springs, Orison
Korean War remembered by
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Korean War veteran Chesley Yahtin, left, carried the Chosin Few banner with
veteran's counselor Carl Whaley during a February powwow at the Simnasho
Longhouse. Yahtin shared information about the Korean War because he felt
too many people jf ere unaware of the circumstances surroumting the war.
The Chosin Few reunites allied
survivors of the 1950 battle of the
Chosin (Changjin) Reservoir fought
that November-December in the
North Korean mountains near Man
churia. Founded April 22, 1983, and for
mally recognized as a non-profit as
sociation by the Internal Revenue
Service, The Chosin Few has over
3,000 (January, 1 990) members from
all U.S. services plus South Korean,
former British Marine Commandos
and former Royal Australian Air
Force members. The name stems
Just because
If you have driven Highway 26
across the reservation and over Mt.
Hood, or if you have travelled certain
reservation roads this autumn, you
may have noticed some change on
the east side of the pass. The trees
were....wcll red! Now this wasn't
just autumn color. These trees are
conifers - Douglas firs, grand firs
and spruce. So what's killing all the
trees?
Nothing is! That is, red trees aren't
necessarily dead trees, although they
may look it. But the red needles have
died as a result of a little insect
munching away on newly sprouted
needles and buds. The western spruce
budworm matures from egg to larva
to pupa to moth over a 12 month
period. The small larva bore into
developing buds and cones in May.
In the later stages, larvae make a full
Success seen when
Working together, tribal and state
governments in the Northwest will
accomplish more for Columbia River
Basin salmon than by working alone,
tribal leaders and members of the
Northwest Power Planning Council
agreed today.
The Council, whose eight mem
bers represent the governors of the
four Northwest states, and represen
tatives of seven Indian tribes con
ducted a first-ever gathering of state
and tribal governments focusing
specifically on the decline of Co
lumbia River Basin salmon.
"We are here because the issues
you are working on are at the heartof
our legal rights and responsibilities,"
said Antone Minthorn, chairman of
the General Council of the Umatilla
Students collecting eyeglasses
Students in Sue Harrison's sixth
grade class at Buff Elementary are
working with the Jefferson County
Lion's Club in a service project. Stu
dents are collecting eyeglasses which
can be reused by less fortunate people
in other countries.
The students will be collecting
the eyeglasses between April 27 and
May 15. Collection barrels will be
located at Erickson's, Ahem's and
Safeway stores in Madras, at Macy 's
in Warm Springs, and at all District
schools.
The students became interested in
a community project after Harrison
attended a Lion's Club workshop
from the fact that so few were engaged
at Chosin or survived.
Chosin pitted about 1 5.000 allied
ground troops, mostly the 1st Marine
Division and a Regimental Combat
Team from the Army's 7th Infantry
Division, against 1 20,000 Chinese in
ten divisions who had been ordered
to annihilate the allies "to the last
man."
The 15.000 allies suffered 12,000
casualties, including more than 3,000
killed and 6,000 wounded, plus
thousands of severe frostbite cases
from the -30 degree temperatures.
they're red, it doesn't mean they're dead
time job of defoliating primarily
Douglas fir and white fir. They will
also feed on spruce and larch in some
cases.
The result can be misshapen trees
and destroyed seed cones. Small
seedlings are especially vulnerable,
since they have few needles. Some
times the tops of mature trees die. A
bad infestation can kill up to 70
percent of the trees in some stands.
We've had budworms around for a
long time. The first outbreak was
recordedin 19 14 right here in Oregon.
Since then they've been active in the
Northwest, stretching into Idaho and
Montana and the southern Rockies.
While they are certainly more ac
tive in some years '.han others, silvi
culturists and entomologists don't
know all the reasons. Weather pat
terns seem to play a significant role
state, tribal governments cooperate
Indian Reservation in eastern Oregon.
Four of the tribes at today's
meeting have fishing rights guaran
teed by treaties with the U.S. gov
ernment dating to 1 855. They are the
Yakima, Umatilla, Warm Springs and
Nez Perce. Other tribes represented
included the Shoshone-Bannock and
Kootenai tribes of Idaho and the
Burns-Paiute Tribe of Oregon.
The Council is responsible for a
program to protect and enhance fish
and wildlife in the Columbia Basin.
Tribal representatives noted that
some of the recovery work authorized
by the Council has not begun , a prob
lem that is as frustrating to the Council
as it is to the tribes. For example,
salmon habitat improvements on U.S.
Forest Service land in the Grand
aimed at promoting public service
projects and related the possibilities
to the class. The students organized
the project with the help of the Lion's
Club, according to Lion's Club
member Jay Binder. They produced
flyers which will be posted in the
schools and local businesses and they
are in charge of informing the com
munity about the project and col
lecting the glasses.
The eyeglasses will eventually be
taken by optometry students from
Pacific University in Forest Grove,
Oregon to foreign countries where
prescriptions will be matched with
those needing corrective lenses.
local member
They emerged Irom the ordeal with a
Presidential Unit Citation for "...de
cisively defeating seven enemy divi
sions together with elements of three
others."
The Chinese suffered an estimated
43.500 casualties, including 28.000
killed and 15.500 wounded many
of whom froze to death.
Historians have termed Chosin the
most savage batilcof modem warfare.
They compare it to Tarawa, the
bloodiest battle of World War I! in
terms of the ratio of casualties to
Americans engaged, also 15,000.
Some 1.000 were killed and 2.300
wounded in that fight. Of the islands
5.000 defenders, 4,500 died.
President Reagan cited Chosin as
among the epics of military history
in his first Inaugural address. Time
Magazine described it as, "..unparal
leled in U.S. military history ...an epic
of great suffering and great valor."
The press has likened it to the Alamo
or Custer's Last S land because of the
seemingly hopeless odds.
A total of 1 7 Congressional Med
als of Honor, 70 Navy Crosses, plus
many Distinguished Service Crosses,
were awarded for the campaign the
most ever for a single battle in U.S.
military history.
The Chosin fighters, by decimat
ing and checkmating the Chinese
forces in the mountains, enabled the
evacuation of 100,000 North Korean
men, and women, and children by
sea, the last on Christmas Eve. The
U.S. Government formal ly described
the humanitarian feat as "..the great
est rescue operation in the history of
mankind." Never in recorded history
have combatants rescued so many
enemy civilians in the midst of battle.
Those refugees who "voted with their
feet against communism" arc now
living free, many in the United States.
in their prosperity as do forest stand
condition. Other natural controls in
clude predators such as birds and
ants, and parasites.
The trees on the Warm Springs
Reservation may suffer damage, but
many will likely bounce back after
this outbreak subsides. Sometimes
there's an increase in tree growth
following season of infestation. But
that may not be the case elsewhere.
The Mi. Hood, Deschutes,
Ochoco. Umatilla.' Malheur and
Wallowa-Whitman national forests
have been hit hard by a number of
conditions leading to serious damage
and fire hazard. Several seasons of
drought along with spruce budworm
outbreak, followed by bark beetle
infestations, have defoliated or killed
many trees in some stands. In addi-
Ronde River Basin of eastern Oregon
hasn't begun.
Ted Hallock, chairman of the
Power Planning Council, responded
that he intends to raise the issue with
the chief of the Forest Service and
with the speaker of the U.S. House of
Representatives, Tom Foley, a con
gressman from Spokane.
"We're not going to let the federal
government si t on its hands," Hallock
said.
Waterpollution in salmon streams,
damage to spawning and rearing
habitat, and the genetic risks of
mixing wild salmon and hatchery
raised salmon in the same stream
were among other concerns raised by
tribal representatives and shared by
Council members.
"Collectively, we're going to be a
lot more effective (in salmon recov
ery efforts) than separately," said
Tom Trulove, a Council member
from eastern Washington. "We need
to look for opportunities to work
together."
Hallock said it is important for the
Council and the tribes to begin a
dialogue that will ensure a long
lasting partnership in planning for
the region's salmon and steelhead
runs. The meeting at Kah-Nee-Ta
was the first step, he said.
Madras traffic light
work proceeds
Oregon State Highway Division
Project Manager, Thomas Garner, in
Bend reports that the traffic signal
installation by Linnco Electric
Company of Albany Oregon is on
schedule and should be completed
no later than June 15, 1992.
The foundation and underground
wiring has been completed for the
signals on Fourth at 'B' and 'D'
Streets respectively. "Bill" Coburn,
Construction Superintendent for
Linnco Electric Company reported
that work will be concentrated on
Fifth at B' and 'D Streets the next
several weeks.
Some inconvenience to traffic and
parking may occur at that time.
of Chosin Few
hey arc the living legacy of the
Chosin Few. Those Koreans will
never forgei the men of the Changjin.
Allies from 17 nations fought for
and won . the freedom of the Re
public of Korea during the three years
of fighting from June 25. 1950 to
July 27, 1953. This marked the first
time nations fought under the flag of
the United Nations. During the so
called "Forgotten War," 54.246
Americans were killed. Total allied
losses were 297,389 dead. Note:
Public school history books devote a
page or less to the entire Korean
war. A truly Forgotten War!
To unite the survivors of the
Chosin Reservoir campaign into one
body for sharing.conipanionshipand
the everlasting remembrance of those
who did not survive.
Recovery of 8,177 Americans
missing in action compared to
2.486 MIA's for the Vietnam War
and 4,512 for World War I and
full accounting for the 389 still offi
cially listed as prisoners of war in
volves close cooperation with U.S.
officials and direct negotiations with
the North Korean government.
Ensure that our fallen brothers
and all allies of the war arc no longer
and never again forgotten by erecting
the International Korean War Me
morial in Angel's Gate Park in Los
AnEclcs, California.
Contact Win K. Scott, Executive
Director, 100 Mountain Spring Road,
Wayncsvillc, NC 28786 or call (74)
452-7124 for more information.
lion, many trees arc infected by root
diseases.
In some cases, our own practices
in managing the forest may have left
them more vulnerable to these pesky
little critters. We've harvested the
larger trees - pondcrosa pine on the
east side of the Cascades, and Dou
glas fir on the west side. These trees
are more fire and insect resistant than
the smaller trees that grow beneath
them. By harvesting these larger trees,
leaving behind favorite dishes of
budworms such as grand fir and
smaller Douglas fir, we've set the
tabic for bugs.
We've also been suppressing
wildfires since the early part of this
century. Big Douglas fir and pon
dcrosa pines are more resistant to
fire. Historically, wildfires would
sweep through these forests, burning
the smaller trees but leaving more
bug and fire resistant large firs and
pines. These large trees provide the
seed for the next generation of trees
which are more resistant to the
Western Spruce Budworm and fire.
By actively putting out fires, we've
grown thicker grand fire and Douglas
fir forests. They are more susceptible
to insects and diseases and when
they burn, they bum fast and hot.
We'vcuscd chemical insecticides,
such as DDT and more recently bac
terial insecticides, in attempts to
suppress spruce budworm outbreaks.
The bacterial insecticide, Bacillus
thuringiensis, only infects the larvae
of moths and butterflies, including
the western spruce budworm. This
insecticide, commonly called B .t. was
used on portions of the Warm Springs
Indian Reservation and Mt. Hood
National Forest in 1988.
While we've had some success in
suppressing outbreaks, entomologists
are encouraging forest managers to
takeadiffercntapproach. Application
of insecticides is a short-term fix.
Changing out growing and harvest
ing methods to improve the health of
the ecosystem is the wiser long-term
approach.
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Seniors see bright futures for
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Dennis White
Native American senior at Madras
Senior High School, Dennis S . White,
III of Warm Springs is eighteen years
old. His parents are Dennis and
Charlene White both of Warm
Springs. His grandmother is
Marceline LeClaire of Warm S prings,
he has one sister, her name is Denys,
she is 21 years of age. His Indian
Blood de gree is half Warm Springs,
Wasco, and Yurok. Throughout high
school he has participated in football,
wrestling, and track. His favorite
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Tribal Council adopts water proclamation
On April 29 the Warm Springs Tribal Council adopted the
following proclamation.
Whereas, AH living things depend upon water. As a nation wc
have been blessed with abundant quantities of fresh water to
quench our thirst. Because it is so easy to turn on the tap and obtain
gallons of fresh drinking water every day, many of us often take
this great blessing for granted. However, behind each drop, arc the
combined efforts of scientists, engineers, water plant operators
and Tribal Officials. These individuals arc responsible for keeping
our precious drinking water available and above all safe. People
who depend upon private wells for their water must assume the
responsibility for its safety.
Whereas, The Warm Springs Water Management Plan (Water
Code) adopted in 1967, provides a framework for protecting and
improving our drinking water and the quality of our natural
streams, rivers, lakes and ground water.
Whereas, Our Tribes must continue to identify and respond to
the hazards that threaten the water supply. Protecting our water at
its source will require an ongoing effort on the part of specialists,
tribal leaders and especially Tribal Members.
Whereas, In the coming years, the Drinking Water Treatment
Plant and Sewage Treatment Plants will require changes in design
and operation to meet the growing demand. These changes will
strengthen the safeguards protecting the Waters of Warm Springs.
Whereas, The Snow Pack in the mountains which provides the
flows of water in the streams is very low this year and wc expect
an Extremely Severe Drought.
Therefore, The period from May 3 to 9 is designated as "Warm
Springs National Drinking Water Week." Wc call upon the people
of Warm Springs to observe this period with appropriate ceremo
nies, activities and programs designed to enhance awareness of
water issues and recognition of the difference that water makes to
the health and quality of life that we enjoy.
And Furthermore, We call upon all of the people of Warm
Springs to conserve water as much as possible for this Summer and
Fall due to the extreme drought conditions wc arc going to
experience this year. Wc ask each and everyone to be mindful of
the need to preserve, protect and conserve this precious resource.
Activities begin in May
Community begins work on center
Community members are working
together to buildan activity ccnicrwhcre
cultures can be shared and increased
awareness can take place in a friendly
atmosphere.
Jefferson County is a composite of
cultures, each with its own special
values. The Firchousc Cultural and
Activity Center located in the former
Jefferson County fire hall in Madras is
being molded into a place where
families can get together to share these
cultures and also learn new skills.
Planned activities range from
gymnastics and regional cooking to
legend-telling, but the primary focus is
to bring people together. Madras High
The former Jefferson County fire hall
Cultural and Activity Center.
sport is wrestling he feels because,
"It made me work hard." White's
favorite classes arc Business Law
with Ramona Miles and English with
Barry Morrison. His outlook of the
past school years have been, "Fun!"
White also feels glad to finally be
leaving high school. The friends he
has made are what he will miss the
most about Madras High. He feels
that Law is what his career choice
will be and Western Oregon is where
he would like to attend school. White
would like to comment to his re
maining lower classmen, "Have fun
and study hard!" In five to ten years
from now he sees himself, "Rich!"
Seventeen year old, Vernon
Squicmphen of Warm Springs is the
son of Terry and Gladys Squicmphen.
His grandparents are Earl and Rita
Squicmphen all of Warm Springs.
His brothers are Thurman age 1 9 and
Phillip age 11. He is of the Yakima
descent. Squicmphen is involved in
forestry and Future Farmers of
America. His hobbies are hunting
and fishing and running. His favorite
class is Civics with Matt Henry, be
cause he feels Henry is a fun person
and enjoys being in his class.
Squicmphen feels the outlook of his
past school years have been really
good, "I enjoy certain teachers and
classes." His tcclings about this be
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School assistant principal Rudy Pucntc
and his wife, Nancy Pucntc who is a
counselor in Warm Springs.putmoney
down on the old fire hall. Their interest
lies in getting the Center going and
making it acommunity-owncd project'
They nope to sec it self-supporting
financially and having the community
behind it "Without community.jn
volvcmcnt," says Rudy Pucntc, ait
won't work."
Community members are volun-.
leering their time to get the building in
shape and more help is needed. The
opening date for the Center is set for the,
end of May. Tooffcrhclpat the Activity
Center call 475-2094, evenings.
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is the home of the new Firehous:
themselves
ing his last year in high school, teels
really good. He will miss seeing all '
of his friends and doing some of the
fun activities the most about Madras
High. His career choice is either fish,
and wildlife or forestry, but not col
lege choice is decided yet. He com
ments to the remaining lower class, i
"Make the most of your high school '
years!" In five to ten years from now
Squicmphen feels he will probably ,
be working somewhere in Oregon or !
Washington.
Vernon Squiemphen