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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (June 28, 1991)
'ytTMnr"l"y"Try'''i(r'"i''' p""Mrii""jpjrTirzpiiiiiir,,pi i p ji igm Spilyav Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon June 28, 1991 PAGE 5 Alternative uses of grass straw limited Oregon State University (OSU) Agricultural Experiment Station has published in conjunction with ) OSU, a report about potential mar , kels for grass seed straw that pres ents a different view than a report , published in February by CII2M 1 miii, an engineering ing firm. "Opportunities in Crass Straw Utilization: An Alternative Vicw- foint'examincs the economic mar et for straw as a fiber source. The report also ranks potential uses for grass seed straw based on economic, ' environmntal and technical feasi bility, said Frank Conklin, one of the authors of the report and an OSU professor of agricultural and resource economics. "Some of us who worked on the earlier study published in February felt it was important to present an alternative interpretation of earlier findings," said Conklin. "Differcn- mm ai a m rt r a 11 1 h n r I in consult- assessinn the seriousness of some technical obstacles, predicting the time required to surmount the technical problems and the charac terizing the nature of future market conditions and circumstances in fluencing further straw utilization." The new OSU report notes that some grass straw is used commer cially for cattle feed and hydro mulch, but says theamount used in alternative manners is small com- Used clothing may save $$ pared to the total available, now that open-field burning acreage has declined markedly. If wood chip prices continue to rise, then straw may become an economical substitute in pulp and paper products and panel board, according to the report. Using grass seed straw as a power plant fuel, boiler fuel or home stove fuel is at least a decade away and would require an 80 to 100 percent increase in natural gas pri ces or a near doubling in Pacific Northwest power sale rates, ex plained Conklin. Straw combus tion problems involving undesired slag and flying ash deposits in boil ers will have to be solved first, he said. Using straw for commercial com post, potting medium and in the manufacture of chemicals was deemed unknown or unlikely, said the report, because of small mar kets, transportation costs or un known technical feasibilities. ' ' v "What is clear is that potential commercial markets for straw have improved over the last dcade,"said Conklin. "However, such improve ment still leaves straw as only a marginally competitive substitute for existing wood fiber raw mate rial sources and only under certain conditions." "Grass Seed Straw Utilization: An Alternative Viewpoint," OSU Agricultural Experiment Station Special Report 881, is available at no charge from the Department of Agricultural and Resource Eco nomics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Information Provided By: OSU Warm Springs Extension 1134 Palute Street PO Box 430 Warm Springs, OR 97761 (503 553-32383239 Calendar of Events and Happenings Many families with limited cloth ing budgets are finding that buying used clothing can be both econom ical and stylish. Used clothing can bea good buy for the careful shopper. Sourer of used clothing include garage or yard sales, rummage sales, use-clothing stores and neighbor hood used-clothing swaps con ducted by civic clubs, school or churches. The experienced shopper will shop with an eye for garments that fit in with the existing wardrobes of family members. It is recommended to go with a list of body measurements (bust, chest, waist, hip and length) for each family member and a tape measure to help ensure that clothes will fit. Children's winter coats and jack ets, skirts, long pants, shirts and sweaters can be purchased at bar gain prices. Children's used play clothes are thrifty buys, since child ren outgrow items so fast. For adults, coats, suits, trousers, dresses, skirts and jackets may cost only a fraction of the cost of new ready-to-wear garments. Accessories such as scarves, jewelry and hand bags can also, be good buys. When shopping for clothing to be used "as is" without extensive alterations, select garments cur rently in style so the wearer will not feel uncomfortable in them. It is also recommended that shoppers look for: Fabrics in good condition, espe cially at the points of wear, such as knees, elbows, cuffs and the seat. Durable stitching that is intact. Elastic that has retained its stretch. Zippers in good working order. Buttons still securely attached. Sturdy buttonholes that are free from raveling. Garments without faded areas. Garments that are clean and pressed. Belts securely attached to gar ment. It's also important to look for garment labels on used clothing that tell cloth fiber content, care instructions and size. Although they sometimes are missing from used clothes, labels give valuable infor mation about garments. Don't let summer boredom set in Now that school's out, you know it will come. "I'm bored...! dont have anything to do." Help your child realize tyhat boredom is a choice and your school-agcr can choose to become un bored. Before boredom becomes an issue, help your child be prepared. The two of you can create a list of possible activities that he or she would like to do. It helps to catch your child in an energetic or crea tive mood, rather than to give this as an "assignment." Sign up now!! Be the first among your friends to sign up for 4-H camp! The first camp will be held July 13, 14 and IS and is the4-HChal-leng Camp Counselor Training for 9th through '12th grade students. Cost is $30. The second camp will be the Warm Springs Challenge Camp to beheld August 12, 13, 14, 15and 16 for 6th, 7th and 8th grade students in Jefferson County. Cost is S30. Pull out this list whenever bore dom threatens. Don't try to limit the list but make sure everything is "do-able" in your home or neigh borhood. Then be prepared to let your school-ager have a good summer. June 16-21 June 23-27 July 12-14 July 25-28 July 31-Aug. August 11-15 August August 14-18 20 4-H Summer Week, Oregon State Uni versity Round Lake 4-H Camp, near Sisters, Ore gon Challenge Camp Counselor Training at Trout Lake at the High Lakes in Warm Springs Jefferson County Fair, Madras, Oregon Deschutes County Fair, Redmond, Ore gon Challenge Camp at Trout Lake at the High Lakes in Warm Springs Crook County Fair In Prineville, Oregon Warm Springs 4-H Leaders executive meeting at the OSU Extension office from 4 to 5:30 p.m. Fruits added for zesty variety, nutrition Zesty Tuna 'n' Fruit Salad Vt cup mayonnaise or salad dressing Grated peel and juice of ft lemon 2 cans (7 oz.) tuna, drained and chunked 1 cup grapes, cut in half and seeded 4 oranges, peeled, cut in bite-size pieces, drained I red apple, unpeeled, cut in bite size pieces 'i cup chopped walnuts Salad greens and lemon wedges In bowl, combine mayonnaise, lemon peel and juice. Stir in tuna, grapes, oranges, apple and wal nuts; chill. Serve on salad greens. Garnish with lemon wedges. Makes 6 servings. "Just For Kids" Fruit Pops Vi cups orange juice 1 can (about 6 oz.) apple, grape or pineapple juice or cranberry juice cocktail 6 (3-ounce) paper cups 6 small plastic spoons or wooden sticks Combine the juice and pour into the paper cups. Freeze until almost firm, aout 30 to 45 minutes. For the handles, insert the plastic spoons or wooden sticks in an upright position. Freeze until firm. To serve, allow the "pops" to stand at room temperature for a few minutes and remove from the paper cups. Makes six cups. Summer Citrus Fruit Punch 2 pints raspberry sherbet I cup lemon juice . 1 cup orange juice Vi cup sugar 2 bottles (28 oz. each) ginger ale, chilled I bottle (32 oz.) cranberry juice cocktail, chilled Soften I pint sherbet. In punch bowl, combine softented sherbet, lemon juice, orange juice and sugar; stir to dissolve sugar. Add ginger ale and cranberry juice. With ice cream scoop, float remaining one pint sherbet on top of punch. Makes about 1 5 cups (20 6-ounce servings). Green up a brown thumb with these helpful planting and gardening ideas Nitrogen beneficial to gardens An application of nitrogen fertil izer will keep home gardens going strong in late May and early June. Spread additional nitrogen along vegetable rows and water it into the soil. This method of fertilizing is Lawns need fertilizer, too i Pruning helps lilacs bloom Lilac shrubs that seem to have fewer blooms than in past years may need some pruning to renew their vigor. When lilacs bloom they are producing their new annual growth and next year's blossom buds. This growth pattern means there is no time of year that a lilac can be pruned without removing some flower buds. For best results, prune the shrub so that only non-flowering wood is removed. Flower blooms are pro duced from large buds on the ends of vigorous new growth. Prune out the lateral and spindly growth that rarely produces blooms. Annual pruning, though not essential, will keep lilac bushes in good health. Renovation of old bushes is usu ally best done in the winter, but can be safely done in the late spring after bloom. To renovate lilac shrubs, remove some of the old wood in the shrub near ground level. Be careful to prune no more than a fifth of the shoots that have already bloomed. This severe prun ing of some branches while leaving most intact gives the shrub a solid framework on which new growth can become established. Renovation pruning is needed only every few years. To promote a healthy crop of lilac blooms next year, clip the blossom heads off the plant after they bloom this year. It's early summer lawn feeding time and an application of nitrogen fertilizer in June will keep home lawns growing vigorously through out the summer. Many fertilizer formulations manufactured specif ically for grasses are available for lawns. ' Weed and feed combinations will do extra duty by killing early sum mer weeds. Follow all directions for using these fertilizers printed on the package. Ammonium sulfate and ammo nium nitrate are alternatives to special lawn fertilizers. When using these nitrogen sources, apply one pound of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Ammonium nitrate contains 33 percent nitrogen; a five pound box will fertilize 1 ,500 square feet. Ammonium sulfate contains 21 percent nitrogen; a five pound box will cover 1,000 square feet of lawn. ',. known as sidedressing. Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea are good sources i -of nitrogen for the garden. A com ''JpIrt fertilizeruch as- a 10-10-10 combination is also a good source of nitrogen for the garden. Apply sidedressings at the fol lowing rates: ammonium sulfate, one-half cup per ten feet; ammo nium nitrate, one-third cup per ten feet; urea, one-fourth cup per ten feet. r Be careful not apply extra nitro gen to tomatoes. The tomato plant will channel the nitrogen into exces sive vegetative growth at the ex pense of the newly developing tomatoes. '. U. Follow basic dos and don'ts while working in home garden Thin, thin, thin those young plants Garden vegetables need room to grow. That requires thinning, pul ling and discarding some seedlings to provide growing space for others. Many gardeners plant too much seed and then are so proud of all the plants growing up that they don't thin enough. Leaving plants crowded in their rows can result in stunted, poorly developed vegetables, or no veget ables at all. Most seed packets indicate the proper spacing between plants. Follow seed packet instruc tions closely. Onions, carrots and beets need space to grow both above and beneath the ground surface. The leaves of these plants are essential for gethering the sunlight the plant needs to manufacture the carbo hydrates stored in the edible root or bulb. Home gardening, like lite in general, is full of dos and don'ts. Here are some basic gardening and landscaping don'ts. Dont be a dullard. Sharpen your blades, hedge trimmers, pruning shears and other cutting tools. Rough cuts not only create an unsightly appearance, they also delay healing and provide entry points for fungi. Don't be extravagant. More is not always better. Most applica tions of gardening materials are prescribed in specific amounts for example, fertilizer, seed and pesticides. Twice as much fertilizer as necessary can often burn. Two seeds in the place of one results in two puny plants rather than one sturdy one. An overdose of insecti cide can destroy plant life. Make sure you read the instructions that appear on every package, box or bottle. Don't be mud happy. Working on wet ground compacts the soil and destroys its structure. Wait until it dries out before attempting any lawn renovation or prepara tion of flower or vegetble beds. Take a handful of soil and squeeze it. If it remains a compact ball, it's too wet to begin. Don't be too much of an eager beaver. For every chore there's a season, and for every gardener, a time to rest. Don't plant warm sea son crops before the warm season really arrives. A late frost will damage, perhaps irreparably, plantings of tomatoes, peppers and egg plant. On the other hand, a hot day, when the temperature soars into the 90s, is not the time for , spraying with pesticides. You'll do more harm than good. Don't focus on the tip of your nose. Look ahead. Plant for the years to come as well as for the moment. That trim little spruce on the edge of the driveway may soon be scratching the finish off your car with its branches. Two young apple trees planted so close together that their limbs tenderly touch will, in i few years, be mortal enemies in fierce competition for the soil nut rients, water, air and light needed for survival. So, plan before you plant with your eyes to the future. Don't set a square peg in a round hole. All plants have a specific cul tural and environmental require ment which must be met if they are to thrive. Bluegrass prefers lots of sun. Rhododendrons will scorch in a sunny, windy area. Select - the most suitable plants for special situations and cultural problems. Use care, patience when planting annuals Tires help plants grow faster Discarded automobile tires may not be pretty, but they are useful in home gardens. An old tire placed around a tomato plant absorbs heat during the day and releases it to the plant during the night. As a result, the tomato plant grows faster. The tire also tends to keep the plant upright and off the ground. Use one tire casing around each plant. When the tomato plants are small, clear plastic can be stretched over the tire on clear ngihts to hold in warmth and produce a green house effect. Be sure to remove the plastic during the day. Eventually the plants will need some type of support to keep the leaves and fruit off the ground. Frames or stakes minimize fruit rot and keep the brnaches out of reach of slugs. More importantly, a sup port structure improves air circula tion around the plant and helps prevent disease, especially late blight. Effective supports, about 18 inches in diameter and one to five feet high, can be made of wood or concrete-reinforcing wire. With this method, no plant pruning is necessary. Look for concrete-reinforcing wire at hardware or building supply stores. It is preferred because the holes in it are large enough to reach through when gathering tomatoes. Supporting tomato plants with stakes involves a bit more work since the smaller shoots must be removed to eliminate extra side branches. Leave one to three main stems for the plant. If necessary, up to three stakes can be used. It is advised to place the stakes when the plant is young to prevent dam age to the roots. Protect strawberries from birds A patch of plump, ripening, home-grown strawberries is like a signal beacon to hungry birds around your neighborhood. Leave strawberries unprotected, and local birds may clean out your straw berry patch faster than you can say bluejay. Even home landscapes devoid of birds will suddenly attract legions of them when tree and vine fruits ripen. One way to keep pesky birds away from ripening fruits is to drape cheesecloth or special bird netting over the strawberry patch. Netting works for fruit trees and grape vines too. Protect bush and other vine fruits by putting chicken wire or some other type of netting materials over the top and sides of the plant. If you want to add some fast color to the yard with annual flow ers, or get the vegetable garden off and running with a minimum of fuss, bedding plants are your best bet. A tremendous variety of orna mental and vegetable bedding plants are available at garden stores now. Here are a few tips for bedding plant success. Don't plant outside until the season in your area has warmed enough for the plants to grow. Select plants that are well established in their containers, but are not overgrown. Bedding plants often transplant better if they are not yet blooming. Allow plants to harden off (adjust) to your yard's conditions before planting. Bring the plants home and set them outside in a protected place, but exposed to yourarea's temperature and humid ity conditions, for several days. Protect the bedding plant roots from drying until planted. When planting, set plants at the recommended spacing. Plant in late afternoon or early evening. Plant into moist soil. Plant bedding plants at the same depth at w hich they were pre viously growing. Retain as much soil on the roots as possible. Firm the soil around the roots when planting, then water. Protect the young plants from drying until they are established. A day or two after planting, water with a booster fertilizer solu tion to give the plants a little push. Young weeds try to take over shrub and flower beds in spring. Keep them out by hoeing or mulch ing. The back side of an iron rake will wipe out young weed seedlings by the hundreds. Then follow up with an inch or so of barkdust mulch to shade the ground and keep weeds under control. Fast color, instant greenery a reward of ornamentals Growing annual flowers around the home landscape gives instant reward. Colorful ornamentals, such as marigolds, petunias, snapdrag ons, pansies, summer dahlias and candytufts, mature, flower and die all in a single summer growing season. The many kinds of annual flow ers available permit homeowners to choose varieties for every taste and situation. Most annuals are easy to grow and provide continuous color over a long season. Set annuals among newly-planted shrubs or in beds and borders. Annuals are also ideal for hanging baskets, patio tubs, outdoor plan ters and window boxes. . Although flowering annuals can be grown from seed, most people buy them as bedding plants from local nurseries. Look for sturdy, clean, well branched specimens that havent bloomed out completely, when buy ing plants. Be sure to keep the roots of bed ding plants damp until they are planted. Protect bedding plants from the wind both before and after plant ing. Give them protection for a week after planting if they are planted in a windy spot. At planting time, prepare soil where you plant annuals with a fer tilizer containing phosphorus. A 5-10-5 forumulation is recommended. At five to six week intervals through the early summer, sprinkle additional light applications of fer i tilizer around each plant and "water in" the fertilizer. As the annuals bloom, cut the flowers for bou quets, or simply enjoy them on the plant. As the flowers begin to fade, remove them from the plant to encourage new flowering. If the old flowers are not removed, they will set seed and the plant will stop blooming altogether. i