SpilyayTymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
March 8, 1991 PAGE 7
Help with college finances available
Booklet details how to finance college education
' Financing A College Education,
a new booklet from the Money
Management Institute of House
hold International, can help al
most anyone wondering how to
manage the costs involved-parents
hoping to assist their off
spring, high schoolers attempting
to make it on their own, college
students unable to make ends
meet, even graduates confronted
with student debts!
I Right upfront in the 32-page
booklet are charts, information
and guidelines for readers wanting
to set up collcge-savinss funds.
including those off to a Tate start.
This section is followed by descrip
tions of the investments considered
most suitable for college savings.
There's also a section on borrow
ing, for those unable to meet their
target goals.
Financing A College Education,
in addition, contains a wealth of
information for high school stu
dents on ways they can meet some
of the costs themselves. It system
atically explores the types of finan
cial aid offered by the federal and
state governments, colleges, busi
nesses and community sroups, by
walking the reader
entire process.
And, because college costs go
well beyond tuition, fees, and room
and board, today's students will
appreciate the section on setting up
a budget and handling checking
accounts and credit cards. Furth
ermore, there's help for graduates
who must cope with repayment of
student loans and other budgeting
concerns. A glossary of terms and
list of suggested resources are also
provided.
This attractively illustrated
booklet was developed by money
management specialists and writ
ten in consultation with experts in
through the education, business and govern
ment. To obtain a copy of Financ
ing A College Lducatlon, send
$1.25 and your name and address
to: Money Management Institute,
Household International, 2700
Sanders Road. Prospect Heights.
Illinois 60070.
Information Provided By:
OSU Warm Springs Extension
1134 Palute Street
PO Box 430
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(503) 553-32383239
Beef up your bull before breeding
Make productive use of your leisure time
Start the spring and summer
months by resolving to make better
use of your leisure time.
. Leisure time is especially impor
tant today as our lives become
more complicated with increased
work and family activities. We
need to plan leisure activities be
cause our leisure time is shrinking.
Last year leisure time dropped to
16.6 hours each week, down 9.6
hours from IS years ago. Women,
in particular, need to plan ahead
because they have the least leisure
time at 14 hours per week.
Working mothers have more of
their free time taken up by child
care, family shopping, and meal
arrangements. Anyone in the 30 to
49 age group also needs to plan
their limited leisure time-just 14.6
hours.
To get started, take personal
survey. Determine how you are
spending your leisure time. Then
ask if you are doing what you want
to do.
Leisure activities that help most
to restore personal vitality are acti
vities that allow you to use your
creativity.
There's no instant love mix
5 Stepfamilics usually come to
gether feeling a lack of familiarity
rather than instant love. Because
stepfamilies bring together people
with different histories, newly
created family units need to com
municate about those histories.
When stepparents don't com
municate, children can feel anger
and frustration over different rules.
The families are less likely to de
velop a loving relationship when
rule changes get in the way.
Take time to find out about little
routines:
Mealtime rituals and food tradi
'tions Talk about such little things
as .who likes what, whether it's
necessary to clean your plate, or
the practice of trying a little of
some new dish.
Bedtime routines - Know wheth
er older children are allowed to
stay up longer than younger ones,
who has later hours allowed on
certain nights, and who tucks who
into bed.
Dressing In one family, it may
be acceptable to change clothes
several times a day or to wear a
different outfit each day. Other
families may expect clothes to be
worn more than once before laun
dering. Homework, TV Talk about
parental supervision of homework
and television viewing. Also know
how much TV is allowed and who
gets to watch what program.
Cleaning hints offered
First try a solution of one tea
spoon hand dish-washing deter
gent and one-half cup sudsing
ammonia per gallon of hot water.
Wear rubber gloves, glasses to pro
tect eyes from splashes, and venti
late the area by opening windows.
Use a sturdy rag with a firm texture
to scrub small areas. Repeat until
clean.
If you need a stronger solution,
one-half cup TSPftri sodium phos
phate) can be substituted for the
ammonia. This solution is more
expensive and must be rinsed off or
it will leave streaks when dry. TSP
will strip wax and may remove the
gloss from paint-you may need to
repaint after cleaning off the
smoke deposits.
Hall writes 4-H pledge
Did you know that Otis Hall,
state 4-H leader in Kansas, is
responsible for the original word
ing of the 4-H pledge?
The pledge was adopted by state
4-H leaders attending the first
National 4-H Club Camp in Wash
ington, D.C., in 1927. The pledge
remained unchanged until 1973
when the words "and my world"
were added at the request of a
number of states. The pledge is:
I pledge
My Head to clearer thinking
My Heart to greater loyalty
My Hands to larger service, and
My Health to better living
For my club, my community,
My country and my world.
Calvert Johnson
How well do you
communicate
with your boss?
Here's a quick way to measure
the quality of your communication
with your boss. Read the following
questions and circle either A (for
agree) or D (for disagree).
A D I can ask for help without
feeling embarrassed.
A D My boss recognizes the good
things I do.
A D I understand what my boss
expects of me.
A D My boss coaches me toward
improvement when I need it.
A D I am aware of the reasons for
the major decisions my boss
has made this year.
A D My boss understands my per
sonal goals.
A D I know at least two specific
things I can do to get a better
rating at my next perform
ance review.
A D My boss lets me know when I
miss the mark but without
putting me down.
A D I feel free to disagree with my
boss when we talk.
A D My boss is aware of the basic
problems I have to cope with
in doing my job.
Now count up the number of A's
you circled. If you've got 10, your
communication with your boss is
just about perfect. 9 or 8, good. 7 or
6, about average. 5 or less, needs
improvement.
Before Breeding Season
At the start of the conditioning
period, the bull battery should be
fairly well established. A producer
should have determined bull needs
for the upcoming breeding season
and then have appraised his pres
ent bull battery, in light of these
needs. This evaluation should in
clude breeding soundness exam,
which checks the reproductive
capacity and physical soundness of
each bull. These bulls which prove
unsatisfactory, and possibly those
that are questionable, should be
replaced. New bulls should be ac
quired at least 60 and preferably 90
days prior to the breeding season.
This provides ample time for the
new acquisitions to adjust to the
feed and climate of an area. It also
allows bulls that will be working
together to become familiar with
each other and to develop a social
structure. Newly acquired bulls as
well as the carry-overs in the bull
battery should be brought up to
date in a complete health program
with the balance of the herd. Con
sultation with a veterinarian about
an annual health program for the
entire herd is recommended. Insect
control is especially critical for
bulls. Lice and flics both find bulls
likely targets.
Proper attention and care of
bulls' feet can prolong their useful
life and can help insure a high rate
of activity during the breeding sea
son. After an extended period of
inactivity, bulls' feet may be long
and mishapen. Hoof trimming
should be done at the start of the
conditioning period, so there is
time for some regrowth which acts
as a cushion during the breeding
season.
Bull Development
Perhaps the single most critical
factor for proper bull development
is exercise. A bull during the breed
ing season might be equated to an
athlete since in most situations he
travels several miles each day and
maintains a high degree of physical
activity. Physical fitness requires
several weeks of conditioning.
Bulls are by nature very active and
become more so as the weather
warms prior to the breeding sea
son. If given ample areas in bull
pastures, bulls will usually exercise
themselves. In designing bull facili
ties, it is a good idea to locate sup
plemental feeding and water areas
as far apart as possible. Bulls that
are physically fit when turned out
will breed more cows during the
breeding season because they will
retain a high degree of libido and
remain sound longer as well. Exer
cise prior to the breeding season
also reduces injuries from fighting
and riding normally occuring dur
ing that time.
Nutrition
Nutrition prior to turnout should
be at a relatively high level to max
imize growth and development of
young bulls. Young bulls will usu
ally lose weight early in the breed
ing season, so they need to have an
energy reserve when they are turned
out. Perhaps the best way to des
cribe the ideal condition is bloomy
but not fat.
Yearling Bulls
Most yearling will need to weigh
1,000 to 1,100 pounds prior to the
breeding season. If they gain 2.0
pounds per day during the condi
tioning period, they should be
making adequate growth and main
taining a satisfactory condition
without becoming excessively fat.
This will require 27 pounds of dry
matter or about 30 pounds of dry
feed per day. Adequate energy
should be provided by a ration that
is 80 percent roughage (grass, hay
or silage) or an air-dry equivalent
and 20 percent concentrate. De-
E ending on the condition of the
ulls, this means 6 to 10 pounds of
grain per head per day and free
choice roughage. At this age the
bulls should be growing rapidly, so
they need to have 12 percent total
protein in theirdiet. Depending on
the kind and quality of the rough
age and the grain being feed, this
may require a protein supplement.
2-year-old Bulls
These cattle should have more of
their mature size by breeding sea
son, so their ration is not quite so
critical. A 1,400 pound 2-year-old
will probably only need to gain I
pound per day at this stage in his
life. To do this, active bulls may
need 35 pounds of feed or more, of
which 5 to 7 pound should be
grain.
Older Bulls
Adequate levels of vitamin A are
necessary for optimum semen pro
duction. Green color of hay is a
good indicator of vitamin A value.
Bulls should also have access to a
free choice source of supplemental
phospherous year round.
For older bulls the ideal energy
level during the conditioning pe
riod will depend on their physical
condition at the beginning of that
time. If bulls have been wintered in
good condition, then 5 to 7 pounds
may be adequate to build the de
sired energy reserve. If the bulls are
thin, then they may need to receive
20 pounds or more of grain per
head per day.
Good bulls represent a substan
tial investment and are critical to
the success of a breeding program.
Proper care prior to the breeding
season will help insure fertile, ac
tive bulls during that time.
Which fusible thread is best for sewing?
Evaluate Fusible Thread
Fusing seeing products, such as
interfacings and webs, have been
around for awhile. But there's a
new product on the market-fusible
thread.
Fusible thread is thicker than
regular thread, and isn't twisted as
tightly, explains Ardis Koester,
Oregon State University Extension
textiles and clothing specialist. It's
made of polyester or nylon fila
ments with fusible fibers. When
you press it with an iron, the fusible
component melts to bond the
Take time to relieve stress
In times of stress.. ..take one
thing at a time, get enough sleep,
eat well, avoid caffeine and self
medication, exercise, balance work
and play, learn to accept what you
can't change, and.. .talk to others
about your concerns.
Remember.. .You are not alone!
You are unique, yes, and so are
your problems, but you as a child
care provider are not alone. There
are others just like you. Together,
you can conquer many of the ob
stacles that arise in caring for other
people's children. That is why
support groups are so important.
Cool, store
leftovers
promptly
Refrigerate soups and stews
within 2 hours of cooking, dividing
them into small, shallow contain
ers for quick cooling.
Keep leftovers refrigerated no
more than 4 days.
Reheat to boiling before serving.
Insulate yourself against winter's wind chill
Green oranges ok
Oranges from California will be
available throughout the winter.
Don't let a green tinge on the fruit
halt your orange purchases. The
"regreening" of oranges is much
more prevalent this year than in the
past. Warm weather causes the
skin to reabsorb chlorophyll and
turn green when the fruit has fully
matured on the tree. "Regreened"
oranges are natures way of signal
ing that western grown oranges are
ripe and ready for picking.
stitched area to another surface
while the rest of the thread remains
visible.
You can use fusible thread with
your sewing machine. Place the
fusible thread in the bobbin and
use regular thread on the top part
of the machine. You may need to
lessen the tension in the bobbin.
Suggested uses include:
Hemming. Fuse a hem in place
by zigzagging near the edge of the
hem allowance and pressing in
place.
Basting. Sew a line of stitching
on the garment to mark where you
want to place a pocket, trim or
applique. Position the item and
press. Then sew it in place perma
nently using regular thread.
Facings. Use fusible thread for
understitching then fuse the stitch
ing to the underside. If you are
going to do wide topstitching,
stitch a line of fusible thread
through the facing the distance
from the seam planned for the
topstitching. Fuse facing in place,
then do topstitching with regular
thread without the facing slipping.
Seam finishes in leather-like
fabrics. The seam allowances stay
pressed flat and open when fusible
thread is used on a stitching line
about one-half the width of the
seam, then pressed.
If you are using fusible thread to
baste two layers together, use a
straight stitch that's slightly longer
than usual, 8 to 10 stitches to the
inch. For permanent fusing, use an
average size zigzag stitch, If you
are using a serger, use fusible
thread in one of the loopers.
First test the technique you want
to use on a sample of your fabric.
Some fabrics don't fuse very well,
such as very smooth, tightly woven
fabrics. Textured fabrics give
better results. Think carefully a
bout what side of the fabric you
want the fusible thread on. For
example, if you want to fuse a hem
or facing, the fusible thread needs
to end up on the wrong side of the
fabric. Only press the part of the
fabric containing the fusible thread
when you are ready to fuse it to the
next surface. If you press without
thinking, you may end up with a
mess.
Consider whether fusible thread
would be useful for the kind of
sewing you do, and whether the
benefit is worth the price.
' Residents in colder regions of
the county are accustomed to win
ter weather reports that include the
"wind chill factor" along with the
current temperature and daily fore
cast. Like the temperature, wind
chill factor is expressed in degrees.
It's calculated by factoring the cur
rent wind speed and temperature.
The concept of wind chill, how
ever, is often misunderstood and
described only as how cold it feels
outside. But wind chill also repres
ents the "effective" temperature,
and can be used to gauge how
quickly exposed skin, like faces
land hands, will freeze in cold
weather.
For example, a temperature of 0
F, combined with a wind speed of
10 m.p.h., has a wind chill factor of
-20 F. The weather will certainly
feel cold to many individuals, but
presents little danger of freezing
exposed skin on contact outdoors,
provided the individual is properly
dressed.
Should the wind speed increase
to IS m.p.h., the wind chill factor
will also increase to -30 F. At that
level, the danger of exposed skin
freezing quickly (within I minute)
increases, and proper precautions
should be taken.
If you're sensitive to cold, the
best thing to do on high wind chill
days is simply stay indoors as much
as possible. Since that isn't always
a practical solution, here are some
tips to reduce the dangers that
wind chill presents to you and your
family.
Bundle up! Wear lined or insu
lated gloves and mittens at all times
outside and warm boots and socks
to protect your ankles and legs.
Cover ears, face and nose with hats
and scarves.
Stay dry. Wet outer clothing
can't insulate properly and loses
heat as it dries. Combined with a
high wind chill factor, damp clo
thing can have serious effects on
your body temperature. Change all
wet belongings as quickly as possi
ble. Avoid long time periods out
doors, even in lower wind chill
conditions. Wind chill measures
the immediate danger temperature
and wind can have on exposed
skin. Prolonged exposure can still
result in freezing on "little danger"
days.
Insulate yourself with warm
food and drinks. Energy creates
heat and our internal energy can
only come from nourishment.
Drinking hot soups and beverages
is an excellent way to increase
internal body temperature which
will eventually raise our skin
temperature as well, to help protect
against freezing.
Several reasons exist for "negative equity"
If the answer is yes, then you are
upside-down. That is industry
lingo for having negative equity. In
plain English, your car is worth less
than the amount you owe on it.
Positive equity is the point where
the cars market value exceeds the
amount owed.
How could this happen? It is the
result of several factors. One is
higher prices which consumers
cope with by taking out longer
loans. The old two or three year
loans are now likely to be five
years.
Home energy consumption can be reduced
Homes in America today use
nearly 15 of all the energy con
sumed in the United States. Most
of these homes were inexpensive.
Your personal efforts can be part
of the answer to conserving energy
and your energy dollars.
Yes No
Heating thermostat is set
at 65 degrees F. or lower.
During extended ab
ence, heating thermostat
is set at 55 degrees F.
Set the thermostat back
8 to 10 degrees at night.
When the temperature is
expected to be below
zero, don't lower the
thermostat more than 6
to 7 degrees. (Automatic
clock thermostats are
available.)
. Close doors and registers
to unused rooms.
. Draw curtains when the
sun is not shining.
.Warm air registers and
cool air returns are kept
free of obstacles.
.Automatic dishwasher,
clothes dryer and clothes
washer are operated at
full loads only.
.Unnecessary lights, ra
dios and televisions are
turned off.
.Dryer lint screen is
cleaned before each
load.
Clothes are laundered
with cold or warm water
when possible.
Another factor is depreciation.
A new car begins depreciating as
soon as you buy it. The rate of
depreciatin varies by car and mod
el but the greatest amount of de
preciation occurs in the first two
years. The value decreases faster
than the loan balance. Also in the
early part of the auto loan, like
most loans, a larger part of the
payment goes to interest rather
than principle so your equity
builds up more slowly in the first
years.
No down payment or a low
down payment generally stretches
out the payments and keeps you
upside-down for a longer time.
Now down payment may actually
be a disservice rather than a favor.
So, what is the problem with
negative equity? You mav be un
able to trade the car. If this is the
case, you can take your lumps and
keep driving it. A real danger exists
in unforeseen circumstances that
you have no control over such as
an accident. Or, your car might be
stolen. In this case, you have no
choice but to replace the car. It can
be a very unpleasant surprise
when the insurance company says
the car is worth $ 1 ,200 and you still
owe $4,000 on it. Worse yet, you
may have to borrow to pay off the
old loan or add it to the new loan.
How can you avoid negative
equity? You can't avoid it com
pletely unless you pay cash. But,
you can reduce the amount of time
it takes to reach positive equity by
financing for the shortest possible
time andor making a large down
payment.
Bulletin available for health care preparation
After November I, 1991 all
health care facilities will be ob
ligated under the Patient Self
Determination Act to: 1) provide
public education regarding ad
vance directives and 2) to adv ise all
persons admitted to their facility of
their right to complete an advance
directive.
Oregon State University Exten
sion has recently published "Plan
ning in Advance tor Health Care
Decisions." This bulletin is written
for a lay audience, explaining
Oregon law regarding advance
directives. It describes the Direc
tive to Physicians. Power of At
torney for Health Care and the
differences between the two docu
ments. In addition, it uses the
Nancy Cruzan case to illustrate
why it is important to have a
written document.
This publication is helpful to
families concerning their rights
under state law to accept or refuse
medical treatment and their right
to formulate advance directives.
To order this publication, con
tact the Warm Springs Extension
Office.