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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (May 4, 1990)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon May 4, 1990 PAGE 3 Biological A forest is more than trees. It consists of all the plants and anim als including the micro-organisms that exist in thesoil and in or on the larger plants and animals. These plants and animals constantly inte ract with one another. Individual species may increase or decrease with time, but tend to fluctuate around some common level. This entire system is referred to as an ecosystem. The sum of these var ious ecosystems over a large area constitutes the biological diversity. Human management such as farm ing, forestry and urbanization tend to greatly simplify or reduce the natural biological diversity by elim inating the habitat for certain org anisms. Many times certain species are eliminated and other times entire plant communities, such as the forests around much of Medi terranean area, are eliminated. Often key elements of the ecosys tem are unintentionally destroyed. For example, the continuous harv est of wood material from a forest, will sooner or later reach the point where organic matter and essential nutrients are no longer recycled through the forest soil, and the soil becomes unproductive. Often what appears to be desira ble activities may have very unde sirable long-term effects. For ex ample, fire prevention in the USFS programs vary in intensity In response to the anticipated increased demand for timber pro ducts and the reduction of the commercial land base on which to grow the raw material for these products, several programs have been developed by the U.S. Forest Service that increase the level of management intensity on National Forest Land. Tree improvement is one such program. The specific objectives of the Forest program is to insure pro duction of quality wood in the future and to maintain a wide genetic diversity that will provide protection from insect and disease outbreaks and from weather cy cles. To do this, we will rely on both planting of quality trees and the selection of desirable trees for natural regeneration. The forest will employ a variety of regenera tion methods, such as selection cut, ' shelterwood cut or clearcut. A com bination of natural regeneration and artificial regeneration (tree planting) will occur with each method. However, selection cut ting will be mostly natural regener ation, and clearcutting will be most ly artificial regeneration. 'Shelter wood cutting will have a combina tion of natural and artificial re generation. Future stand tending will favor the best tree regardless of origin, and will favor a variety of species. The combination of meth ods allows the maintenance of the widest genetic base and also the selection of trees for desirable growth characters. Natural regeneration depends on the selection ability of the peo ple doing the marking, which is limited by the trees that are availa ble to select from. It is difficult to have a strong positive influence on genetic quality of subsequent stock ing, but it does prevent the loss of genetic material by maintaining some local progeny on the site. Artificial regeneration allows us to select for desirable characteris tics and insure a wide genetic diver sity on each site. The Forest has a Tree Improvement Program, that was started in 1975, to accomplish this. The tree improvement pro gram is divided into three program intensity levels. Level 1 is the low est, and 3 the highest. Level 1 will encompass Douglas-fir, white fir, lodgepole pine and western larch. Level 2 will encompass ponderosa pine in the Maury Mountain Breed ing Block. Level 3 is the highest level; it will encompass ponderosa pine in the Ochoco Crooked River and Silvies Malheur Breeding Block. The goal of this program is to supply all reforestation seed needs from tested seed orchards. Level I involves the selection of seed production areas of the de sired species, and thinning and fer tilization to encourage seed pro duction and improve the ease of collection. Level 2 includes the planting of selected trees in one or more plan tations within a breeding block. Trees with undesirable traits will be removed, but trees will ndt be Landscaping demonstrations offered The OSU Extension office in conjunction with the Tribal Housing Department will be offering three demonstrations to help you beautify your home through landscaping. They are: Shrubs, Bushes and Trees Wednesday, May 2; 2 and 6:30 p.m. Perennial Flowers and Plants Wednesday, May 9; 2 and 6:30 p.m. Annual Flowers and Plants Wednesday, May 23; 2 and 6:30 p.m. Information offered will include selection, location and space, how to plant and care after planting. All sessions will be held at the Warm Springs Extension office at 1 134 Paiute Street. diversity crucial to forest Ochoco Mountains over the past fifty years has had a dramatic effect on the forest vegetation, and has resulted in a great reduction in natural openings and of western larch and pondcrosa pine. We do not have an absolute measure of biological diversity. We have not identified all the orga nisms present on the forest, nor do we understand each of their func tions. There is long-term research by the USDA Experiment Stations and various universities that will add new information. But we have a forest to manage today. Actions the forest is taking to maintain biological diversity are: 1. Promote high quality riparian areas along streams 18,000 acres. 2. Dedicate 19,000 acres to old growth. These will be blocks of at least 300 acres and will be uniformly distributed over the forest. 3. Provide about 1,000 acres of old growth connective habitat to allow movement of old growth dependent species be tween various blocks. 4. Provide 37,000 acres of wilder ness. These cover a variety of plant community types and will tracked by families. These areas will be cultured as in level I pro gram for cone production. The Level 3 program is the most intensive. It includes the selection of trees from across the breeding zone. Also, it includes two kinds of tree improvement plantations: eva luation plantations and seed or chards. These plantations are sim ilar in that a group (or family) of seedlings from the parent trees will! be planted in each plantation, however, the purpose of these plantations is different. Evaluation plantations are established to eval uate the parent trees and their fam ilies for growth and form, and seed orchards are established for seed production. Although the purpose of evaluations plantations and seed orchards is different, they are closely related as information gath ered from the evaluation planta tions will be used to rank the fami lies from best to worst. The lowest ranking families and the worst in dividuals in the best families will then be removed (rogued) from the seed orchard. Once the seed or chard has been rogued, the very best individuals are left to produce the seed that will be used for refor esting cut-over lands. The benefits from the tree im provement program are realized when cones are collected from the selected or tested trees, and then outplanted to plantations. On the Ochoco National Forest, Nearly all planting since 1980 has been done with seedlings from selected trees. The Ochoco expects to have some seed from tested seed or chards within five years and to be able to supply most of our seed needs from tested orchards within twenty-five years. In addition to increasing growth yield, a tree improvement program is a primary component of gene conservation by contributing to the maintenance and enhancement of genetic diversity. The goals are to maintain locally adopted genetic diversity in forest lands by allow ing natural selection to occur, selecting the most fit individuals as crop trees, or improved seedling which are genetically diverse. A minimum of 50 families are repres ented in a rogued seed orchard. In order to obtain this number of tested families, it is necessary to start with over 12,000 selected trees. The Ochoco National Forest is subdivided into four breeding blocks. They are, the Ochoco, Crooked River, Maury Mountain and Silvies Malheur. Within the breeding block, the area is subdi vided into breeding zones based on 1000 foot elevation bands (the Crooked River Breeding Block on 800 foot elevation bands). The Ochoco National Forest has developed 14 progeny evaluation plantations and a seedling seed orchard for ponderosa pine within Silvies Malheur Breeding Block. Within the Ochoco and Crooked River Breeding Blocks, 14 Evalua tion Plantations will be estab allow natural fires to assume a historical role. 5. Establish Research Natural A reas on 4,000 acres. These arc designed to preserve unique plant communities and to pro vide an opportunity for future research. 6. identify special areas, such as visual corridors, Stein's Pillar, Summit Trail, etc. These will allow limited logging but on a long rotation (150 to 250 years). They amount to 43,000 acres. 7. Manage about 17.000 acres with emphasis on big game hab itat and timber production. 8. Provide a variety of timber har vesting prescriptions (even and uneven-aged, mixed spe cies, variation in stand density, natural regeneration and plant ing with selected stock) on the 4 1 2,000 acres managed for tim ber production. 9. Provide standing dead trees (snags) and down woody mate rial on all timbered areas. This will provide homes for many cavity dependent species and additional feeding areas for species dependent on old growth. lished over the next two years. Within the Maury Mountain Breed ing Block, mass selection planta tions will be established to meet seed needs. The tree improvement program is ongoing; we will continue to select new parents and test the pro geny. We also have the opportun ity to make further gains with con trolled pollination of selected trees. The objective of the U.S. Forest Service is to "promote and achieve a pattern of timber resource use that will best meet the needs of people now and in the future." Art contest opens The Warm Springs Alcohol and Drug Council is sponsoring the development of community artists. Artists are asked to submit an original pencil sketch approx imately 18"x24", depicting a posi tive Indian family experience. The winning artist will be asked to design 3 posters for publication as either pastel drawings, waterco lor, painting, pen pencil or char coal. The Alcohol and Drug Council . reserves the right to contract with more than one artist if appropriate. Judging will be by the committee.. The Alcohol and Drug Council will contract $500 for each poster. All entries should be submitted to: Jim Quaid, community counseling center, 553-3205, by June 18, 1990. Entries not selected will be returned to the submitting artist. Beavers to be Beavers will be removed at a site on Indian Creek on the north por tion of the Reservation to prevent possible road damage in the future. Two beavers, responsible for Chattin selected as public Tanna Chattin, a former televi sion reporter and public affairs official has been selected as the Public Affairs Officer for the Na tional Park Service's Southwest Region. In making the announe ment, John E. Cook, Regional Director, said, "Tanna's extensive background in communications and federal program management made her extremely attractive to our operation. We arc in the midst of planning improved information programs for our various publics and Tanna's experience will help us put our goals into practice that much sooner." Chattin's professional history includes 1 1 years of Federal service in the Departments of Interior and Housingand Urban Development. Before coming to the national Park Service, she was the Chief of Assisted Houscing Management in the HUD Albuquerque Office. Cook said, "Wc found that Tanna was particularly skilled at develop ing an organizational system 'from the ground up' which is what she did for her former agency." Chat tin established operating systems and hired staff to enable HUD to transfer oversight responsibility for public housing programs from the Fort Worth Regional Office to New Mexico. Prior to moving to Albuquerque in 1987, Chattin was a Housing School district advertises Jefferson County School Dist rict is taking applications for four positions. Teachers for Chapter 1-M Re gional Summer Program, starting date for this position will be June 15. 1990 -July 3 1, 1990. Will work 4 hours daily 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon at the Madras Elementary School. Salary range is $18,009 $34,534 prorated. Applicant must have Oregon Teaching Certificate and have the ability to work with Hispanic students and help plan learning activities on an individual and group basis. Closing date for applications is May 1 1, 1990. ElectronicMaintenance Techni cian, starting date for this position is no later than June 11, 1990. Salary range is $ 1 0. 1 9 - $ 1 2.80 hr. To qualify you must: hold Asso ciate of Science degree in Electron ics or comparable degree, hold Donkey Basketball comes to W.S. Donkey basketball will be fea tured at the Warm Springs Com munity Center May 3, 1990 at 7:00 p.m. The show stars Donkey Kong, Mount St. Helens, Spiro Agnew, Rambo, Top Gun, Gunsmoke, Matilda Bay and Jumpin' Jack Flash. Admission to the event is $3.50 for adults, $3.00 for students, $2.50 for children, and $2.00 for seniors. removed from darning a culvert on a forest access road may have intentions of creat ing a pond. If successful the beav ers could be aiding in degradation of the road. Although beavers generally do Management Specialist in the II UD Denver Regional Office. During .her seven years with that agency, she spent a year in Washington, D.C., on a special assignment to develop a communication program for the President's Commission on Indian Reservation Economics. Chattin was in charge of all media and scheduled public hearings in ten major citicsaround thecountry within a two-month period. Upon her return to Denver in 1985, Chat tin took a year's leave from govern ment to serve as the Communica tions Coordinator for the Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT). CERT is an inter-tribal organiza tion devoted to developing oil, gas and mineral resources on Indian lands. Chattin's media experience stems from five years as a general as signment reporter at KIRO-TV (CBS affiliate) in Seattle. "I was the first Indian female in a major market television newsroom in the early 70's,"she said. "In those days, there were very few women TV reporters on the air. Perhaps be cause of the oddity, I covered more hard news than a rookie reporter would ordinarily be entitled to. It was an escalated apprenticeship." In 1975, Chattin left the news room to become a Public Informa tion Officer with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C. LTD Energy License and LTD Maintenance License, have demon strated knowledge and skill in audio-visual equipment repair, have completed service repair courses, as requested, have certificate of good health signed by a physician, have demonstrated aptitude for successful completion of tasks assigned. Assistant Football Coach, will work at the Madras Senior High School starting in August 1990. Salary range is $ 1 ,794-52,701. Clos ing date for applications is June 6, 1990. To qualify you must: have a First Aid Card, have knowledge of Prevention meeting day changes The Jefferson County Council on Child Abuse Prevention has a new meeting day. The council will now hold their meetings on the fourth Thursday of the month. The April 26 meeting will be at 8:30 a.m. at the 509-J Educational Ser vices District Office, 1355 Buff Street in Madras. Agenda items for the meeting include committee reports and au- Teens wanted An aftercare group for teens needing support in recovery from alcohol or drugs is starting. Teen must have been in in- or out patient treatment and trying to stay away from alcohol and drugs. "The program just started, ap proximately three weeks ago and is slow right now," says John Cham bers, Warm Springs child devel ment specialist.. Group meetings are held Tues days at 4:30 p.m. at the Commun ity Counseling Center in the Old Boy's Dorm building. For more information contact John Cham bers or Estelle Sinclair at 553-3205. Indian Creek site as much good as harm, these beavers are building their dam in a location used by humans. "In a natural sys tem," says Warm Springs biologist Terry Luther, "their presence would be beneficial. "Their dam construe- S3 affairs officer In 1 979, she relocated to Denver to gain experience in Federal program management. Chattin attended the Columbia University School of Journalism in New york as well as the Edmonds and Lower Columbia College in her home state of Washington. She and her husband, Wayne, have fourchildrcn in professional careers in Colorado, New Mexico and California. Tanna Chattin openings basic technique, be able to demon strate basic technique. Cheerleader Advisor, will work at the Madras Senior High School starting in August 1990. Salary range is $1,081-51,621. Taking applications until position is filled. To qualify you must: have a first aid card, knowledge of basic tech nique, communicate well with stu dents and parents. If interested in any of these posi tions contact: Support Services Building, Jefferson County School District 509-J. 1355 Buff Street, Madras, Oregon 97741, (503) 475-6192. review of recent meetings to estab lish a Parents Anonymous Sup port Group. The public is invited to attend. For more information call Roy Jackson at 475-2292. "Friends" to meet - Friends of Central Oregon (FOCO) a grassroots organization concerned with uncontrolled growth in Central Oregon will hold an open forum on May 9 at 7:00 p.m. at the Hitchcock Auditorium on the Central Oregon Community College campus. Forum panelists will include rep resentatives from the City of Bend, Bend Chamber of Commerce, Des chutes County, and the Land Con servation ana Development Com mission. Topics for discussion are the proposed industrial park nor theast of Bend and the proposed Cascade Highlands development southwest of Bend. For more information contact: Anne Barth at 389-0437, Dharma Chappell at 389-4249 or Bob Wood ward at 389-9816. tion would help raise the water table and trap sediment, prevent ing it from entering the main stream system. However, in this situation, if a flood would occur, the road would be damaged. Much sediment would be released into Indian Creek and eventually into Beaver Creek where fisheries could be adversely affected. What about beavers? The pelts of beavers were used as a medium of exchange in the early 19th century explorations of the Pacific Northwest. The liquid found in their musk glands is valued for use in perfumes. Besides their fur and musk, the rodent is noted for its dam-building activities. It builds dams of sticks, stones and mud that lasts for many years. Pools are often created that cover many acres, gathering silt which eventually can form mea dows. The dome-shaped island lodges that the animals build house one or more families. The family consists of a mated pair and two sets of offspring. On rivers and lakes they may burrow into banks. Breeding occurs in midwinter with two to eight kits born four months later. Beavers grow to four feet in length and can weigh 60 pounds. They eat tender bark and buds of trees. Saplings and large trees are felled by gnawing and then are cut into portable lengths, dragged and flo ated through beaver-made canals to ponds. These are used to build their lodges. They warn other beavers of dang er by slapping 'he water with their tails. They seek safety in the water. i
