Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
April 6, 1990 PAGE 7
Plant strawberries when weather warms
Home-grown strawberries can
be an outstanding treat, but before
planting, find out which strawber
ries grow best in your area.
Not all varieties grow equally
well in all parts of Oregon.
Two major types of strawberries
are June-bearers and everbcarers.
June-bearers produce fruit only in
the late spring or summer. Ever
bearers produce fruit in the June
season and follow with a second
crop in late summer or fall.
Only certified plants can be used
in establishing a planting. Non
certified plants can carry disease
and pests.
Recommended June-bearing
strawberry varieties arc: Mood,
Shuksan, Rainier, Olympus and
Benton. Ever-bearing varieties arc:
Quinault, Fort Laramicand Oark
Beauty.
When planting strawberries select
Moles pop up in Spring
Mounds of fresh soil appearing
in the home landscape are a good
indication that moles are at work
in your lawn or garden. Stop moles
with traps, poison baits, or a com
bination of both.
In the lawn or garden, a trap
may be the best method because
only a few moles are usually
involved.
No matter which method is used,
mole control can be difficult. Traps
or poison bait must be placed care
fully in the main mole runway for
best control results. Dig back along
one of the lateral tunnels leading
from a mound until the main tun
nel is located.
In the main tunnel, dig a hole
large enough to set the trap, place a
mound of dirt under the tip pan of
the trap and cover the hole with a
box. Check the trap regularly and
reset as ncded.
Other methods include digging
out mole nests and shooting or
stunning moles that are seen at
work. Moles are sensitive to con
cussion. Smacking a shovel on the
ground near the mole often will
stun or kill it.
an area exposed to full sunlight.
Avoid heavily shaded, cold, or wet
areas and sites where roots of other
plants may be competitive. The
area should have good circulation
and not be a pocket for cold and
frost.
A well-drained loam soil high in
organic mutter will hold moisture
well and is best for root growth.
If drainage is a problem, use tile
and gravel to establish drainage
Conference set
Promotional brochures about the
4-H summer week program will be
in the mail soon. The program is
scheduled for June 18-22 on the
Oregon State University campus.
The cost is $125. All Jefferson
County students in grades 7-12 are
eligible to attend.
Deadline is coming up soon, so
sign up now at the Warm Springs
Extension office. For a fun filled
week at OSU campus in Corvallis,
Oregon.
before any other preparation.
Before planting, remove all
weeds, till the soil and break up all
dirt clods. If the soil is dry, moisten
it well before planting. Water the
plants immediately after planting.
Keep the planting area well-tilled
and free of weeds.
Weeds compete with strawberry
plants for water, nutrients and light.
They also are host plants for insects
and diseases.
Information Provided By:
OSU Warm Springs Extension
1134 Palute Street
PO Box 430
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(503) 553-32383239
"I know the cattle, from bull to calf"
Remember how children learn
Planning fun, exciting and edu
cational projects for children can
be difficult. It helps to have an
understanding of how children learn
so you know what types of activi
ties will stimulate them. Research
shows that people learn best by
doing. The4-H motto is"Learn By
Doing". Active involvement of the
learner is the key, as the following
information shows.
Learners retain:
10 percent of what they read
20 percent of what they hear
30 percent of what they see
50 percent of what they see and
hear
70 percent of what they say as
they talk
90 percent of wht they say as
they do something
Senses used in learning:
Seeing 83 percent
Hearing II percent
Touching 3.5 percent
Smelling 1,5 percent
Tasting I percent
The message is clear. Youth learn
by doing. Challenge yourself to
help them learn as effectively as
possible. Involve your 4-H'ers in
every meeting, from planning;
decision making and project de
velopment to evaluation. Active
involvement will give your group
ownership and a feeling of belong
ing: "our 4-H club", not "your 4-H
club".
You've probably become a 4-h
leader because you enjoy working
with children and you enjoy the
activity you'll be teaching. As a
leader, you'll be in a key position to
help your club members feel good
about themselves as they learn new
skills. By giving yourclub members
lots of encouragement and support
as you teach them the mechanics of
knitting, backpacking or garden
ing, you'll be helping them to
develop their personalities as well
as their skills.
Try listening
(Jod gave us two ears but only
one mouth. Some people say that's
because He wanted us to spend
twice as much time listening as
talking. Other claim its because He
knew listening was twice as hard as
talking.
Unknown
Eleven year olds...
Do not like to keep records; see
little value in them; need assistance
and close supervision. ,
Usually do best work when
laid out in pieces.
Have interests which change
rapidly; jump from one thing to
another.
Are easily motivated, eager to
try the new.
Like to be with member of
own sex.
Like group activity.
Quite active with boundless
energy.
Need guidance from adults to
stay at task and to achieve their
best performance.
Admire and imitate olders boys
and girls.
Scales may attack plants Bad habits are like
....... - (..i...... .... m m I I
a comrortaDie oea
easy to get in
but
hard to get out of
Scales, unlike most pest insects,
hardly move at all, but their lack of
mobility doesn't keep them from
ruining plants they attact.
The stems and leaves of many
ornamental trees and shrubs are
often beset by scale insects. They
do their damage by sucking juices
from plant tissue. Scales also leave
a black, soot-looking residue all
' over infested plants.
Plants lose their vitality, leaves
become pale and drop off and
branches and sometimes entire
shrubs are killed.
Scales don't look like insects.
They often resemble small specks
of dirt on the surface of leaves and
twigs. They have small, fiat bodies
varying in color from brown to
Consumer beware
Don't be taken: Beware of
deceptive sales practices. Although
few sellers use fraudulent practices,
it's important to be on guard against
them. Recognize and protect your
self from deception and fraud:
Be cautious of "free" gifts or
"fantastic" bargins.
Don't let door-to-door sellers
in unless you verify that they are
from a reliable company.
Be careful of low-priced items
they may be stolen.
Read and understand a con
tract before signing it. Don't sign a
blank contract or oe with blank
spaces.
gold to white. Once scales settle in
place, they don't move. A dark,
soot mold on the leaves of such
plants as camellias and holly is an
indication that large numbers of
scale insects are present.
Once scales attach themselves to
a plant, they are difficult to kill.
But in the spring and summer when
nut in tne spring and summer when Drrryll oAm'ii
the scale eggs hatch into crawalers, tlGCclll ctulllly
a number of chemicals can be used
to control them. Diazinon and
malathion are recommended. Sev
eral spray applications may be
needed through the spring and
summer for complete control.
Watch for scale damage on aza
leas, rhododendrons, camellias,
elms, hawthorne, holly, juniper and
pine.
Methods of Instruction and Abil
ity to Recall:
Telling(when used alone)3 hours
later-70 percent, 3 days later-10
percent.
Showing(when used aIone)3 hours
later-72 percent, 3 days later-20
percent.
When a blend of telling and
showing is used-3 hours later-85
percent, 3 days later 65 percent.
Brochure available at Extension office
Back in the "good old days,"
nearly every family in small town
and rural America had a few
chickens for eggs and meat.
Modern production of broilers
and eggs has made it generally
uneconomical for families to raise
their own.
But for those still interested in a
backyard of flock or in raising ban
tams or exotic chicken breeds, the
Extension Service has updated flock
management information.
Extension publication called
"Raising Small Flocks of Chickens,"-
Recipes easily prepared
Spiced cauliflower
vegetable oil (no
I Tbsp.
cholesterol)
2 Tbsp. finely chopped onion
1 small clove garlic, crushed
14 tsp. ground ginger
14 tsp. turmeric
2 whole cloves
I head cauliflower, medium size
Dash salt
I tsp paprika
Heat oil in skillet. Add onions,
garlic, ginger, cloves anil lu incut:
Stir and simmer for five minutes.
Break cauliflower into separate
flowerets. Cut lengthwise in bite
size pieces, add to spices. Cover
and shake to coat each piece. Add 2
Tbsp. waterand dash of salt. Steam
over medium-low heat, shaking pan
frequently. If needed, add more
water. Cauliflowershould be tender
in about 10 minutes. Garnish with
paprika.
EC 761 has been recently revised.
The circular includes
information about managing lay
ing hens and broilers, housing,
feeding and needs of specialty breeds
of birds. It also includes informa
tion about the economics of raising
a few birds in the backyard.
Copies of "Raising Small Flocks
of Chickens" are available at the
Warm Springs Extension Office.
Swap skills
You may have skills or items you
can swap for things you need, the
clothes you no longer wear, furni
ture you no longer need, or toys the
children have outgrown may have
valkue to others. Perhaps you can
trade these unnceded items for the
things you do need. What skills do
you have that you could trade? For
example, sewing or babysitting
could be traded fodr transporta
tion or repairs.
I think that I shall never pass
Along a stretch of open grass.
That my eye won't find delight
When cattle graze within my
sight.
For'cattle'asa kind of stock I've
learned to know without a block:
Bull, cow, calf, yearling, heifer,
steer,
The cattle classes are all clear,
And when I look, I know I can
Describe the 'cow' that's on the
land.
The bull, he is a brutesomc beast;
For human kind he cares the
least.
Among the cows, one month a
year,
He falters not, his duty clear.
He glares at all with beady eyes,
His back a swarm of biting flies.
I'll not mistake his ponderous gait.
Or think that he's too overweight.
When in a bull field I must pace,
I'm watching him, prepared to
race.
Guard your cards
Alice Mills Morrow, Family
Economics Specialist, suggest you
take these precautions to protect
your credit cards:
Check periodically to make sure
you have all your cards.
Do not leave credit cards in your
automobile.
When making a credit purchase,
be sure your credit card is returned
after the purchase.
If you have a card that operates a
bank teller machine, memorize your
personal security number. Do not
carry it in your pocket or purse.
In a safe place, keep a list of all
your credit cards, their numbers,
and the address and phone number
of whom to notify in case of loss.
If your cards are lost or stolen,
immediately telephone all the card
issuers so they can take steps to
stop charges on the cards. Follow
up the phone calls with letters.
Clean and
fertilize gardens
With the spring growing season
approaching, rhubarb and aspara
gus beds need some clean-up and
preparation for this year's crop.
First clear the beds of weeds and
grass and then fertilize with a com
plete fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10
combination, at a rate of 1 pound
per 100 square feet of planted area.
Spring rains will take the fertil
iser into the rhubarb asparagus
root zone and get vigorous spring
growth under way.
The cow, she's 'mom' most uddcrly.
Her belly's broad and motherly,
Her big brown eyes have lashes
thick-
The envy of many a human
'chick.'
Unlike the bull, who'll grunt and
bellow,
A cow says 'moo' with manner
mellow,
Unless she's desperate, her calf
astray,
He composure all in disaray.
At times like that I know to try
to keep my distance, slightly shy.
A cow that has not borne a calf yet
We call a 'heifer' in cattle
etiquette.
A heifer's daintier than a cow,
Her tail is short, she's less a
'frau',
Her belly's trim, her udder light,
Her cares are few-shes more a
sprite.
A heifer's not a creature mean,
She's just a cow that's still a teen.
A steer is what a cowboy calls
A cattle male that's minus balls,
He's usually of a heifer nature.
But heavier built, of beefy stature.
Steer calves, heifer calves to 6
months old,
They're what the cow-calf rancher
sold.
From 6 to 18 months they're known.
As yearling cattle, on their own.
Now yearlings are a curious group,
' They tend to cluster as a troop,
Investigating things 'en masse,'
Or scattering wildly through the
grass.
The baby calves are a special treat.
They're cute and clean and soft
and sweet.
I realy like their wide-eyed stare,
And their frisking in fresh spring
air.
I know the cattle, from bull to calf
The classes all IVe memorized
But what concerns me still by half,
is how a horse is recognized.
By Katie Bump
Get bulls in condition
As we are up to our elbows in
new-born calves, it is difficult to
think about breeding season. But
bulls need to be in good shape for
the breeding season.
Bulls should start into a condi
tioning program about two months
prior to breeding season. During
this time, they need to gain some
weight to sustain them during
breeding season. Yearling bulls need
to gain about two pounds per day
in order to continue growth and
have an energy reserve. Older bulls,
wintered in good condition, should
be fed to establish an energy reserve
but avoid over-fattening.
Physical fitness is also part of a'
per-breeding conditioning program.
Bulls will be doing a lot of walking
during the breeding season. They
should be ready for it. One sug
gested method of improving physi
cal fitness is to provide bulls with a
large pasture to move around in
and place their feed and water far
apart.
Additional bulls should be pur
chased 60 to 90 days prior to breed
ing, this gives the new animals time
to adjust to new feed and surround
ings and to establish a place in the
social structure. By Garry
Stephenson, Linn County Exten
sion Agent.
'.X ' '" ' ' ?y.J. , g'-agUiU' mm
d . 1
These candles could light a darkened basement! Happy Birthday, any
way Clay! From all your friends!
Fun projects substitute for money
Plan family "fun projects" for
making things or providing servi
ces instead of buying them. What
are some "money substitue" pro
jects your family might choose to
reduce spending for: eating out,
convenience foods, transportation,
clothing, furnishings, household
maintenance, recreation and gifts?
Barter. The idea is to exchange
goods and services without using
money. This can be "I'll trade you
tomatoes for apples" or I'll trade
you a suit for an oil change." It will
take some thinking and planning
to determine what your talents
are and who would need them.
Many publications feature "swap
columns" which you can skim for
bargains. Household items are not
the only things swapped; your ser
vices might be useful to someone
else. Can you give someone a per
manent or haircut in exchange for
child care? A car pool is a form of
exchange. Food can also be
swapped. Getting in touch with the
neighbor who has fruit trees would
be worthwhile for the gardener
who has only vegetables. Other
swaps that are valuable are nurs
ing, typing, dressmaking and any
type of repair work such as carpen
try, painting and auto repair.
Read magazines and books from
the library. Cancel book club
memberships, magazines and
newspaper subscriptions, especially
those which remain unload for a
long time. Share the magazines
and newspapers you do buy with
another family.
Using money substitues is one
secret of spending less. Practice
stretching your dollars by using the
money substitutes of time, ability,
knowledge, possessions and public
goods and services. Here are some
ideas.:
Look for unused or extra items
you have and recycle them. Check
tor all types of items-loods, clo
thing and accessories, furnishing
and equipment, household
products, educational and recrea
tional items includinitovs. sports
equipment and tools. Design a
calendar that lists the items to be
recycled, person responsible, dates
for finishing, and now the items
will be used (for family or as gifts).
If the items can't oe recycled, then
sell them at a garage sale, a thrift
shop or give them away.
Spinach saimon loaf
Livestock Day to be held in Corvallis April 28
6 eggs
I cup milk
1 tablespoon lemon juice
2 teaspoons dill weed
I teaspoon onion salt
1 package( 10 oz) frozen chopped
spinach, thawed and drained.
2 cups cooked elbow macaroni
(about 3.5 oz uncooked)
I can (7.5 oz) salmon, drained
and flaked.
In medium bowl, beat together
eggs, milk, lemon juiccand season
ings until well blended. Stir I cup
ot the egg mixture inio milieu.
Evenly spread about I cup of the
spinach mixture over bottom of
greased 9x5x3-inch loaf pan. Layer
I cup of the macaroni, I 2 cup of
theegg mixture, remaining spinach
mixture, remaining macaroni,
remaining egg mixture and salmon
over spinach.
Bake in preheated 350 F. oven
until knife inserted near center
comes out clean, about 50 to 55
minutes. Let stand 5 minutes. With
spatula, gently loosen at sides.
Invert onto serving platter. Cut
into 3 4-inch slices.
The role of animal products in
the human diet will be discused by
health professionals during the 1990
Livestock Day April 28 at Oregon
State University in Corvallis.
Dr. William and Mrs. Sonja
Connor of the Oregon Health
Sciences University will be the
opening speakers. The Connors
are authors of "The New American
Diet," a current book discussing
the role of saturated fat and choles
terol in heart disease.
Dr. Connor, a physician, and
Mrs. Connor, a dietician, will
address the concerns about animal
fats in the human diet. They will
outline proper balances in the diet
lor continued good hcalui.
A panel of industry representa
tives will respond to the Conners'
comments. Beef, sheep, swine and
dairy producers have responded to
consumer concerns by providing
leaner products with less waste.
The panel members will reflect on
these responses.
Jeanne Pittman, Willamina. will
respond to questions about the
pork industry and its production
methods for a leaner product. The
lamb industry's response to the
concerns will be outlined by an
Oregon packer-feeder. Tom Wat
son of Hcrmiston. The industry's
efforts to help understand beef w ill
be presented by Polly Owen, Eu
gene, Chairman of the National
Beef Industry Council.
The dairy industry is responding
by using processing as a means of
changing consumer acceptance of
the various products involved. Dr.
Floyd Bodyfcldt. OSU, recognized
as a national leader in processing
techniques, will be the spokesper
son for this area.
The afternoon program w ill hav e
concurrent sessions for beef, sheep,
sw ineand dairy producers to review
OSU research designed to keep
animal products healthy and safe
lor humans. The national food
chain involves a highly technical
production system. The Livestock
Day session is designed to aid the
producer and consumer in under
standing the value of product assur
ance. No pre-rcgistration is required.
Registration will begin at 8:30 a.m.
and the morning session begins at
9.30 a.m. at the LaSells Stewart
Center. Cost w ill be $ 1 2 for the first
person (includes lunch and one
copy of the proceedings) and $6 for
each addtional family member
(includes lunch, too.)
For more information or to re
quest a copy of the program, con
tact the OSU Extension office at
553-3238.