Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
February 23, 1990 PAGE 7
Talk about money before marriage
Couples planning spring or
summer marriages should discuss
finances and issues of money before
the wedding. Some ideas to start
the discussion arc outlined.
It's likely that beneficiaries need
to be changed on life insurance,
pension, and annuity plans. A new
will, or revisions in the current will,
may be necessary to include provi
sions for the new spouse.
Study your options for medical
and dental coverage. Read the bro
chures explaining your present
coverage and talk with the benefits
officer w here you work. If only one
spouse is employed, what has to be
done to include the new spouse
under the employed spouse's
insurance?
If both spouses are employed
and have health benefits available,
review the benefits and costs. Decide
whether each spouse will continue
to be covered under his or her own
plan, or if only will be covered
under the other spouse's plan.
Make a list of property, includ
ing real estate and other invest
ments. Also make a list of debts,
including obligations such as child
support from a prior marriage,
that either is bringing into the mar
riage. How are these to be handled?
What if any property is to be
mingled?
Whose responsibilities are thedebts?
As you plan your future budget
don't overlook the money needed
to pay for debts brought into the
marriage, warns Alice Amills Mor
row, OSU Extension family eco
nomics specialist.
Finally, discuss your financial
goals and develop a budget for the
first year. Talk about how the
money will be handled? Will income
be pooled? Will incomes remain
separate? Who is responsible for
such tasks as bill paying and record
keeping?
There is no one way to handle
money in a marriage. How the
partners feel about how the money
is managed is important. Money
management should enhance the
relationship and value each part
ner's contributions.
When a couple marries, each
brings to the marriage attitudes,
values, and feelings about money.
The attitudes, values and feelings
of wife and husband are usually
not identical. It takes time, effort
and communication to arrive at a
common understanding, Morrow
stresses.
Toddlers struggle for independence
Information on this page provided by the
Warm Springs Office
of the Oregon State University
Extension Service
Phone: 553-1161, ext. 238 or 239
If you're the parent of a two-year
old, it's likely you're experiencing
changes in your thoughts about
nice cuddly babies and joys of
parenthood.
A difficult stage in a toddler's life
in their beginning fight for inde
pendence starts around the second
birthday. It's exasperating for par
ents too, because they undergo
some hard tests of their patience
and understanding.
From angelic and charming, a
two-year old can quickly become
furious bundle of waving fists and
flailing legs if their wants are
blocked. An understanding of the
needs and drives of a two-year old
provides parents some clues for
learning to live with them.
Being able to move about easily
now, they are set to do things for
themselves and become very sensi
tive about being held, bossed or
directed.
At every age there are special
tasks chldren accomplish in the
process of growing up. Their first
stage is establishing a sense of basic
The bedroom
Most dangerous room
trust. It's the critical relationship of
attachment and dependence on
parents infants learn.
The second stage occurs during
the second and third years of life
when toddlers struggle to establish
autonomy or independence. It's
obvious in their vocabulary that
centers on "I," "mc," and "mine."
Toddlers will snuggle close to you
and then push you away. They
cling to objects, then throw them.
They are obedient and conform
ing, followed by "no" to every
suggestion.
Developing autonomy means ex
perimenting with the power of indi
viduality. What seems like contrar
iness is a natural way for chldren to
test capabilities and their ability to
control what happens to them.
Behavior that seems to be negative
is for the most part strong evidence
of healthy growth.
Two-year-olds are mastering the
art of walking. Imagine how excit
ing it is when stove handles, TV
knobs, objects on tables and in
drawers become available to han
dle, twist or try in the mouth.
Toddlers should be allowed to
use teir discovery skillr within lim
its. With valuables out of the way,
toddlers can explore and gain a
sense of independence. Is she ex
ploring your purse? Help her check
it out. Anyone can threaten or
force a child to behave in a certain
way, but it takes skill and patience
to help very young children develop
self control and feel proud of them
selves fordoing so. Next year, they
may no longer be interested in
purses.
What do two-year-olds need from
parents?
Patience while they explore
and experiment and behave like
growing angels or babies. Flex
ibility to live with the mood and
behavioral turnabouts.
Protection from dangerous ob
jects and places while exploring
continues.
Firmness that provides con
sistent gently enforced rules that
keep life predictable. !
Humor and appreciation for
the exasperating, wonderful, de
termined stage the two-year-old
puts a parent through.
Get bulls ready
It is not too early to begin get ting
bulls ready for this year's breeding
season. A conditioning period of at
least two months is recommended.
We know that:
1. It takes 45 to I00 days for
sperm to be produced so how the
bull is managed now will influence
its ability to breed two months
from now.
2. Bulls with scrotal circumference
of less than 30 cm have reduced
fertility and should be eliminated.
3. Bulls on less than total daily
nutrients required have reduced
sperm producing capabilities.
Adequate protein and energy are
both required.
4. Bulls should be managed to
reach a body condition score of 5 at
breeding time. This will mean that
fat will need to be deposited over
the ribs and around the tailhead.
5. The bull should be gaining.
The amount of gain w ill depend of
the bulls condition before the con
ditioning period. To produce gain,
gain or concentrate plus good qual
ity alfalfa hay will need to be fed.
6. Lice control is important.
7. Any fever will reduce the bulls
ability to produce sperm.
8. Exercise is important.
9. If possible the bull should go
through a bull soundness exam.
This exam will determine the bulls
potential for breeding by scoring
physical condition, examination of
reproductive tract and evaluate
semen.
10. A fertile bull produces ade
quate amounts of semen of w hich a
large portion is normal and has the
desire and physical ability to dep
osit the sperm.
Buying bulls is challenging and important task
For each of the four types of
fatal accidents that commonly occur
in the home-falls, fire, poisoning,
and suffocation-the principle place
of occurence is the bedroom. Most
of the victims are 65 years of age or
older, or less than five years old.
Falls are the leading cause of
accidental death in the home.
Almost 7,000 people died in 1 982
because of accidental falls. Two
thirds of all fatal home falls occur
at floor level. They're usually
caused by some trivial thing, an
object on the floor, spilled liquid or
a rug edge that's turned up.
l Older people in a bedroom may -fall
while getting in or out of bed.
The majority of crib injuries are
suffered in falls from the crib. They
usually occur when an older baby
tries to climb over the side rails.
To make the bedroom safer,
arrange furniture to allow a clear
path from all doors to the bed.
Access to the bathroom from the
sleeping area should be short, direct
;and clear of furniture.
Provide a light switch at the en
trance to the bedroom so there is
never a need to walk into or
through a dark room. Put a light at
the bedside table. Night lights in
the bathroom and hallway might
be helpful for young children and
elderly persons.
Straighten the bedroom before
going to bed. Otherwise, getting up
in the night may lead to stumbles
or falls over clothing, shoes, or
other articles left lying around.
If small rugs are used in the
room be sure they have non-skid
backing. Smooth out-wrinkles and
folds, and tack down loose edges.
Repair frayed edges and rips.
Footwear can also be a fall
hazard. Wear house slippers that
don't fall off and don't walk around
in stocking feet, sit down when put
ting on stockings and shoes. Keep
ing toddlers shoes tied may seem
like a never ending task, but that
effort may prevent a needless
tragedy from occuring.
Windows in rooms occupied by
small children should be securely
screened. Don't allow youngsters
to -sit or stand on window, sills.
Beds for young children should
never be placed in front of windows.
Kids are mimics. They often see
an adult do something and then try
to do it themselves. A dressing
table or vanity in the bedroom
holds many things that might prove
an attraction to a youngster, but
could be a poisoning hazard. Hair
spray, cologne, nail polish remover
and stringent should be kept where
children can't get into them.
Be sure mothballs and crystals
used in closets are hung in contain
ers out of reach of toddlers.
A bedside table is useful for
holding medicines, glasses, water
and other items. Special care must
be taken with medication so none
is left for small children to take.
Only enough medication for the
night should be kept at bedside.
Always turn on the light and put on
your glasses (if you wear them)
when taking anything at night.
Unusual, fascinating
facts related
A l.5-ounce chicken or turkey
frank has an average 40 percent
less fat than one made from beef or
pork. Nevertheless, it still contains
about 8 grams of fat (providing
about 70 percent of it is 105 calo
ries). All franks are high in sodium--450
to 650 milligrams per hot dog.
Automobile fatalities have
occurred in parking lots at speeds
as low as 12 miles per hour when
seat belts aren't worn, according to
the American Automobile Associ
ation. Use pureed potatoes to thicken
soups without thickening your
waistline.
Buttermilk is usually made from
skim or low-fat milk. Its fat con
tent is less than one percent, com-
Quick energizers
If your body says, "take a break,"
but your mind says, "there's no
time," try one of these quick
energizers:
Go outside. Look at theclouds.
What shapes do you see?
Give a hug.
Take five deep breaths.
Get comfortable and close your
eyes for five minutes.
Stretch every muscle.
Call someone special.
Dash off a postcard.
Splash cool water on your face.
Slowly count down from 60.
Then return to what you were
doing Y'ouH feel refreshed and
still have time 10 get vour work
done.
pared to three and one-half percent
in whole milk.
Despite the claims made for it,
vitamin E doesn't enhance sexual
performance, retard aging, cure
coronary heart disease, or heal
wounds and burns.
A lumberjack or boxer needs
about the same amount of protein
as a middle-aged office worker
who rarely leaves his desk. People
who are physically active do have
to consume more calories, but these
needn't come from protein.
Men who are 30 percent over
weight have a 70 percent higher
risk of developing coronary heart
disease then those at their recom
mended weight.
Did you know there is more pot
assium in a baked potato than a
banana?
Reminder-Nutrition and Pregnancy
letter series is available to all preg
nant women. This is a six-letter ser
ies. There is no charge. Contact
your local Extension office to
receive this letter series.
You can't tell an egg by the
color. Common gossip has it that
brown eggs are healthier than white
eggs. In fact, the color of the shell
has no ettect either on the nutn
It is certainly a good idea to inspect
egg. The shell color depends on the
breed ot the chicken that lays it (the
breed of the chicken, not its color
both brown and w hite chickens lay
both brown and white eggs), and
no one breed of chicken is known
to lay better eggs than another.
Buying bulls is a challenging
task and extremely important to
the success of a breeding program.
What age bull to buy. There is no
single age of bull to purchase that
seems to work best for all ranchers.
Some choose to buys bulls as weaner
calves, some as yearlings, and some
prefer to purchase bulls just before
. turn out time. There are advan
tages and disadvantages associated
with each.
Many producers have expressed
a preference for buying yearlings.
Bulls should have a complete per
formance record by this age.
Through a post-weaning feed test
the bulls will have been well deve
loped, yet they should still be in a
physical condition conducive to
breeding soundness. Purcahse and
correct use of yearlings also should
increase the length of service of a
set of range bulls.
Those who have the most suc
cess with yearling bulls give them
extra management, much as they
do with first-calf heifers. Yearlings
should be used on about half as
many cows as are mature bulls.
They also should be kept separate
and given extra supplement follow
ing their first breeding season to
encourage further growth and
development.
Two-year-old. Buying strong
aged bulls eliminates many of the
problems attributable to young
bulls. They are nearly mature, so
they can be used successfully with
older fulls.
However, two-year-old bulls are
not always available in good supply.
Those that are available may be the
leftovers, after the vearlins buyers
finished making their selections.
Excessive condition and lack of
physical fitness may be more of a
problem with long-age bulls. Also
one year of potentially productive
life is already behind them.
Where to buy bulls. The simpli
fied answer to this question is where
one can get the best bulls for the
dollars invested. It is important
that cattlemen buy bulls where
they can be assured of genetic
worth and a clean bill of health.
This means buy bulls with a known
background from a reputable
breeder.
Consignment sales, l his common
means of acquiring bulls usually is
a cource of strong-age bulls that
represent the top end of the pro
duction from many herds.
Bulls at consignment sales are
often highly fitted. This excessive
condition and grooming does not
ing to improve the functional effi
ciency of the bulls, and there is sel
dom meaningful performance data
At-the-ranch-buying. There is
much that can be said for buying at
the ranch. First, you are dealing
directly with the man or company
who produced the bulls, so he can
be asked any questions you might
have about the cattle. Being on the
ranch gives the buyer a chance to
see firsthand the purebred produc
er's total precaution program
including both the genetic and
developmental aspects.
It is certainly a good idea to
inspect the herd sires and brood
cows that produced the bulls under
consideration. Do they appear to
be a hard working, functional herd
that is free of obvious genetic prob
lems (bad udders, eyes or feet)?
Have the bulls been raised in such a
way as to prepare them for a long,
active life in the breeding pasture?
Inspect also the records that are
available on the cattle. Does the
producer have a complete perfor
mance program? Has he been using
the records to make progress in
those traits that are of economic
importance to the commercial
industry?
Location for bull buying. As ear
lier, one should buy bulls where
he can get the most for his money,
there are some definite advantages
buying bulls in the locale where
will be used. The bulls should be to
the topography and climate. This
can be particularly important when
bulls are to be used at high altitudes.
Because the air is thinnncr at
altitudes animals compensate by
the amount of heboglobin (oxygen
compound in the red blood cells) in
the blood. This process takes 60
days to complete, so if bulls are
moved to a lower altitude, this
should be well in advance of the
breeding season.
Cow has critical, non-critical periods
Nutritional management of the
producing cow must be considered
in terms of her biological cycle. She
has both critical and non-critical
periods.
Energy maintenance require
ments of the cow increases during
times of stress, such as during times
of stress, such as during the winter
when increased energy is needed to
maintain body heat.
During pregnancy and lactation
energy requirements increase. The
critical feed period for energy con
sumption corresponds to the last
13 of pregnancy (third trimester)
and to the first three months of
post-calving.
The non critical feed period for
the cow is from late lactation
through the second trimester of
pregnancy.
The first critical feed period-last
trimester of nrecnancv is a time of
Eat fruits, vegetables
Did you know that:
We get over 90 percent of our
supply of vitamin C from fruits and
vegetables.
Over 50 percent of our supply
of vitamin A comes from those
fruits and vegetables which contain
carotene. Carotene is found in dark
green leafy and dark yellow and
orange vegetables and fruits.
Fruits and vegetables supply
folacin, especially dark green, leafy
vegetables.
Fruits and vegetables supply us
with more than 25 percent of our
vitamin B-6, 16 percent of our thi
amin and 15 percent of our niacin
come from this food group.
We get almost 15 of our iron
from fruits, such as plums, and
from vegetables, such as spinach
and other greens.
They add necessary carbohy
drates and fiber to our diets.
About 7-15 percent of the dry
weight of fruits and vegetables
consists of minerals needed by our
bodies in trace and larger a mounts.
They are low in sodium which
makes them an excellent food for
those with high blood pressure.
Fruits and vegetables have no
cholesterol.
It is recommended by nutrition
experts that fresh fruits and veget-
Milk Group, the Meat Group, and
the Bread and Cereal Group.
Even though they are nutrient
dense, fresh fruits and vegetables
are very low in fat and calories.
They supply less than one percent
of our total fat intake, and less than
nine percent of our calories.
rapid fetal growth. In this period
the cow should gain an average of
.7 pounds per day if she was not
underfed previously. An experi
enced cattleman can probably
appraise the changes in cow's con
dition by eye.
Once the cow has calved, her
ration must be increased to meet
the increased demand of lactation.
She must also be in condition to
conceive during the 83-day post
calving period if she is to calve
chronologically (every 365 days);
Once she has been bred, peak lacta
tion has passed and the calf is
becomming more self-sufficient.
The cow's needs then decline up to
weaning when her nutrient re
quirements arc again the lowest
they'll be for the next productive
year.
fie aware
Spot a drunk driver
available on a large proportion of '" be a part of a balanced diet
the bulls.
which also includes foods from the
When you're in control, but he's
not. Over the last decade about a
quarter of a million Americans
died from alcohol-related accidents.
Even though you are sober, the
person in the car ahead or to the
side ot'you may not be. What can
you do if you spot a drunk driver?
The following tips come from the
National Safety Council.
The other driver may be drunk if
he:
Drives on the center line or lane
marker.
Comes close to hitting an object
or another car.
Swerves or makes unusually wide
turns.
Has his head outside of the
window.
Has the car windows wide open
in cold weather.
Stops or turns suddenly.
Responds slowly to traffic signals.
Accelerates or slows down
rapidly.
Doesn't have his headlights on at
night.
If you suspect the other driver is
drunk:
Stay as far away from him as
possible.
Don't attempt to pass-he may
swerve into your car.
If the driver is behind you, pull
over and let him kpass.
Be ready to take evasive action.
If the car is coming at you, slow
down, move to the right and stop.
Flash your lights and blow your
horn.
Report suspicious drivers to the
police.
Reasonable stress a fact of life
Tension, the good, the bad and
the managable. According to the
National Mental Health Associa
tion, "anxiety and tension are
essential functions of living."Stress
is nothing modern, but lately we
have found new ways of defining it
and dealing with it. Everybody has
the ability to live through periods
of emotional upheaval; to expe
rience anxiety is quite normal. But
what are the signs that tensions get
ting out of hand? The following
questions offer some indication:
1. Do minor problems throw
you for a loop?
2. Do you find it hard to get
along with people you used to be
compatible with?
3. Does nothing seem to give you
pleasure?
4. Are you unable to stop think
ing about your problems?
5. Do you feel suspicious and
mistrustful much of the time?
6. Do you feel trapped and or
inadequate?
If you answered yes to most of
these questions, it's time to do
something. Here are some positive
steps you can take.
I. Find someone to confide in.
Speak frankly and ask for an
objective opinion.
2. Take a short respite, even if
that only means an afternoon off
or an evening at the movies.
3. Resolve to work off your
anger or suspicion in hard but use
ful labor, or in exercise.
4. Shun the urge to be a
superman supcrwoman.
5. Give the other fellow a break.
A tolerant attitude can make life
easier for you.
6. Try something new. Creative
activity, such as painting, carcntry.
cooking, and needlework, provides
a sense of accomplishment as well
as peaceful relaxation.
7. Take your relaxation seriously.
Excrciseand other activities require
personal commitment.
8. If you feel you need profes
sional help, get it. Your doctor,
local mental health association, or
even your telephone directory can
be good places to start.
For a copy of a booklet on deal
ing with your tensions, write to the
National Mental Health Associa
tion, 1021 Prince Street. Alexan
dria. Virginia 22314-2971.
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